Article
Cell Biology
Felipe Alexandre Machado, Roberta Figueiroa Souza, Vanessa Ribeiro Figliuolo, Robson Coutinho-Silva, Patricia Castelucci
Summary: This study examined the impact of P2X7 receptor deficiency on the distal colon myenteric plexus and enteric glial cells (EGCs) in mice with experimental ulcerative colitis. The results showed that ulcerative colitis affected the neuronal classes differently in wild-type (WT) and P2X7 receptor-deficient (KO) animals. The P2X7 receptor was found to potentially participate in and have a neuroprotective effect on enteric neurons in inflammatory bowel disease.
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sunniva F. Amundsen, Jorunn Stamnaes, Knut E. A. Lundin, Ludvig M. Sollid
Summary: This study demonstrates the expression of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in duodenal epithelial cells of healthy individuals. In untreated coeliac disease (CeD) patients, there is increased TG2 expression in epithelial cells, which may contribute to the pathogenic action of TG2 in the gut lumen.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xu Feng, Ye Xiao, Jian He, Mi Yang, Qi Guo, Tian Su, Yan Huang, Jun Yi, Chang-Jun Li, Xiang-Hang Luo, Xiao-Wei Liu, Hai-Yan Zhou
Summary: A study found that the long noncoding RNA Gm31629 plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease by promoting E2F pathways and cell proliferation, thus facilitating intestinal epithelial regeneration. Deficiency of Gm31629 may lead to worsened intestinal inflammation and delayed epithelial regeneration.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marketa Chlubnova, Asbjorn O. Christophersen, Geir Kjetil F. Sandve, Knut E. A. Lundin, Jorgen Jahnsen, Shiva Dahal-Koirala, Ludvig M. Sollid
Summary: 42 wheat gluten-reactive T cell clones with different phenotypes and no reactivity to known epitopes were screened. Synthetic peptides were identified bioinformatically from a wheat gluten protein database and tested against the T cell clones. Reactivity of 10 T cell clones was assigned, and 5 previously uncharacterized gliadin/glutenin epitopes with a 9-nucleotide oligomer core region were identified. This work represents an advance in identifying CeD-driving gluten epitopes.
Article
Oncology
Fengjiao Wang, Lai Wang, Chao Qu, Lianyu Chen, Yawen Geng, Chienshan Cheng, Shulin Yu, Dan Wang, Lina Yang, Zhiqiang Meng, Zhen Chen
Summary: Kaempferol effectively suppresses pancreatic cancer by upregulating ROS levels and inducing apoptosis via TGM2-mediated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. High TGM2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients, and TGM2 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack D. A. Sharpen, Brendan Dolan, Elisabeth E. L. Nystrom, George M. H. Birchenough, Liisa Arike, Beatriz Martinez-Abad, Malin E. Johansson, Gunnar C. Hansson, Christian Recktenwald
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of transglutaminase 3 activity in maintaining the stability of the colonic mucus layer. Lack of this enzymatic activity increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis in mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan-Rong Li, Yan Li, Yuan Jin, Mang Xu, Hong-Wei Fan, Qian Zhang, Guo-He Tan, Jing Chen, Yun-Qing Li
Summary: This study investigates the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on colonic motility in a rat model of ulcerative colitis (UC), and the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in UC-related colonic motility. The results suggest that changes in the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in nitrergic neurons can influence colonic motility, and intervention in NOS activity may prevent colonic motor dysfunction in UC.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haifeng Jiao, Dong Jiang, Xiaoyu Hu, Wanqing Du, Liangliang Ji, Yuzhuo Yang, Xiaopeng Li, Takami Sho, Xuan Wang, Ying Li, Yu-Ting Wu, Yau-Huei Wei, Li Yu, Xiaoyu Hu
Summary: Mitocytosis is a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process that helps maintain mitochondrial quality in migrating cells. The process involves positioning damaged mitochondria at the cell periphery, which avoids binding to inward motor proteins. Enhanced mitocytosis protects cells from mitochondrial stressor-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration, while blocking mitocytosis causes loss of these functions under normal conditions. Physiologically, mitocytosis is required for maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and viability in neutrophils in vivo.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rakel Nurmi, Ilma Korponay-Szabo, Kaija Laurila, Heini Huhtala, Onni Niemela, Jukka Mustonen, Satu Makela, Katri Kaukinen, Katri Lindfors
Summary: IgA-tTG deposits were found in the kidney biopsies of IgAN patients with celiac disease and non-celiac IgAN patients consuming gluten, suggesting limited specificity to celiac disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agatina Campisi, Giovanni Sposito, Rosalia Pellitteri, Debora Santonocito, Julia Bisicchia, Giuseppina Raciti, Cristina Russo, Pamela Nardiello, Rosario Pignatello, Fiorella Casamenti, Carmelo Puglia
Summary: In this study, the researchers demonstrated for the first time that the systemic administration of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to facilitate curcumin delivery can differently modulate the expression of TG2 isoforms in WT and Tg mice. It was also discovered that SLNs-CUR could be an innovative tool for the treatment of AD.
Article
Cell Biology
Christian Buechold, Martin Hils, Uwe Gerlach, Johannes Weber, Christiane Pelzer, Andreas Heil, Daniel Aeschlimann, Ralf Pasternack
Summary: ZED1227 is a small molecule inhibitor designed for the treatment of celiac disease. It selectively binds to the active state of TG2, inhibiting its function. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by dietary gluten, causing damage to the small intestine and the production of TG2 autoantibodies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hoda Gad, Ibrahim Mohammed, Saras Saraswathi, Bara Al-Jarrah, Maryam Ferdousi, Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Georgios Ponirakis, Adnan Khan, Parul Singh, Souhaila Al Khodor, Mamoun Elawad, Wesam Almasri, Hatim Abdelrahman, Khalid Hussain, Mohamed A. Hendaus, Fatma Al-Mudahka, Khaled Abouhazima, Anthony K. Akobeng, Rayaz A. Malik
Summary: This study aims to investigate whether quantification of corneal Langerhans cells (LCs) using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can serve as a surrogate marker for antigen presenting cell status and disease activity in children with CeD. The results showed no difference in LC density between the CeD group and the control group, but LC density correlated with anti-TtG levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryan Hamnett, Lori B. Dershowitz, Vandana Sampathkumar, Ziyue Wang, Julieta Gomez-Frittelli, Vincent De Andrade, Narayanan Kasthuri, Shaul Druckmann, Julia A. Kaltschmidt
Summary: The cellular structure and regional differences of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mice have been described, revealing that enteric neurons are organized in circumferential neuronal stripes. These stripes form gradually during the perinatal period, with the small intestine showing them earlier than the colon. The width of the neuronal stripes varies throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and different subtypes of neurons populate specific regions with distinct contrasts between the small intestine and colon.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Melis G. Celdir, Claire L. Jansson-Knodell, Isabel A. Hujoel, Larry J. Prokop, Zhen Wang, M. Hassan Murad, Joseph A. Murray
Summary: This meta-analysis reveals that higher latitudes are associated with a greater prevalence of serology-based celiac disease.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Federica Rossin, Roberto Costa, Matteo Bordi, Manuela D'Eletto, Luca Occhigrossi, Maria Grazia Farrace, Nickolai Barlev, Fabiola Ciccosanti, Silvia Muccioli, Leonardo Chieregato, Ildiko Szabo, Gian Maria Fimia, Mauro Piacentini, Luigi Leanza
Summary: TG2, a multifunctional enzyme, plays essential roles in cellular processes and gene expression, particularly in the Wnt and HSF1 pathways. It has been revealed to regulate HSF1 and Wnt signaling, significantly influencing the overall cellular transcriptome profile. These findings show that TG2 is crucial for the correct embryonal development of lower vertebrates, mediated by the Wnt/HSF1 axis.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Elisa Borroni, Teo Vignoli, Lisa Lungaro, Giacomo Caio, Roberto De Giorgio, Giorgio Zoli, Fabio Caputo
Summary: This systematic review summarizes literature on major symptoms of protracted alcohol withdrawal in patients with alcohol use disorder. The pharmacological approach to manage protracted alcohol withdrawal ensures a more rapid reduction of symptoms (craving in particular), achieving in three weeks similar results obtained only after almost 6 months without treatment.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Irene Neri, Elisa Boschetti, Matilde Yung Follo, Roberto De Giorgio, Lucio Ildebrando Cocco, Lucia Manzoli, Stefano Ratti
Summary: Background: The gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are bi-directionally connected through the gut-brain axis, which plays a role in neurodevelopment and physiology. Objective: This review focuses on the impact of gut microbiota on the integrity of intestinal and blood-brain barriers and explores potential markers for assessing their permeability. Conclusion: Evaluating the permeability of intestinal and blood-brain barriers in neurological patients can provide insights into central nervous system disorders and suggest new targets for treatment.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stuart M. Brierley, Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Giovanni Sarnelli, Keith A. Sharkey, Martin Storr, Jan Tack
Summary: This review provides an overview of the potential of the gastrointestinal endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target for the management of pain in irritable bowel syndrome. It discusses the role of endocannabinoid system in regulating gastrointestinal function and pain processing, compares cannabinoids to other treatment modalities, and explores emerging therapeutic candidates targeting the endocannabinoid system for pain relief in irritable bowel syndrome.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Barbara, Cesare Cremon, Massimo Bellini, Maura Corsetti, Giovanni Di Nardo, Francesca Falangone, Lorenzo Fuccio, Francesca Galeazzi, Paola Iovino, Giovanni Sarnelli, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Annamaria Staiano, Cristina Stasi, Cesare Tosetti, Rossella Turco, Enzo Ubaldi, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Letizia Zenzeri, Giovanni Marasco
Summary: This study provides consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), suggesting a symptom-based diagnostic strategy and evaluating and recommending different treatment methods.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pasquale Mansueto, Aurelio Seidita, Maurizio Soresi, Alessandra Giuliano, Giorgia Riccio, Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio, Francesco La Blasca, Rosaria Disclafani, Roberto De Giorgio, Antonio Carroccio
Summary: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) patients frequently suffer from extraintestinal symptoms, including anemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of anemia in NCWS patients. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia in NCWS patients was 34.8%, significantly higher than in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients (17.4%), but not in celiac disease (CD) patients. The main features associated with anemia in NCWS patients were female sex, diagnostic delay, poly/hypermenorrhea, iron deficiency, and higher TSH values. Long-term strict wheat-free diet (WFD) significantly reduced anemia and improved iron metabolism. Therefore, NCWS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemic patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Francesco Lanza, Roberto De Giorgio, Giorgio Zavagli
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanna Ceccuzzi, Alessandro Rapino, Benedetta Perna, Roberto De Giorgio, Matteo Guarino
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Alice Eleonora Cesaro, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Rita Previati, Anna Costanzini, Martina Maritati, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This study found that capillary lactates can reliably predict 48-hour and 7-day mortality rates in sepsis patients, making them a valuable tool due to their affordability, speed, and reliability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara Polese, Marilia Carabotti, Sara Rurgo, Camilla Ritieni, Giovanni Sarnelli, Giovanni Barbara, Fabio Pace, Rosario Cuomo, Bruno Annibale
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the differences in dietary habits between patients with diverticular disease (DD) and controls without diverticula. The results showed that patients with DD had lower daily calories and lipids intake compared to the controls. Protein consumption was lower in previous diverticulitis (PD) patients compared to those with asymptomatic diverticulosis (D). Fiber and dietary vitamins intake were also lower in DD patients compared to the controls. These findings suggest that DD patients have distinct dietary habits compared to the control subjects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Sarnelli, Alessandro Del Re, Marcella Pesce, Jie Lu, Giovanni Esposito, Walter Sanseverino, Chiara Corpetti, Silvia Basili Franzin, Luisa Seguella, Irene Palenca, Sara Rurgo, Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma, Aurora Zilli, Giuseppe Esposito
Summary: Researchers proposed an engineered Escherichia coli strain with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to elicit potent mucosal immunity. The intragastrically administered, engineered EcN demonstrated the ability to produce specific systemic and mucosal immunoglobulins against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mice, indicating its potential as an oral vaccine against COVID-19. The vaccine is safe, inexpensive, and capable of stimulating the production of both systemic and mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies.
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mauro Maniscalco, Aikaterini Detoraki, Giovanni Sarnelli, Maria Nolano, Amato De Paulis, Giuseppe Spadaro, Elena Cantone
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mauro Maniscalco, Salvatore Fuschillo, Ilaria Mormile, Aikaterini Detoraki, Giovanni Sarnelli, Amato de Paulis, Giuseppe Spadaro, Elena Cantone
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that plays a significant role as a cellular messenger in various biological processes. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a convenient method for assessing airway inflammation, particularly in asthma and other allergic conditions, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring.
Article
Surgery
Vania Silvestri, Emanuele Pontecorvi, Antonio Sciuto, Daniela Pacella, Roberto Peltrini, Michele D'Ambra, Ruggero Lionetti, Marcello Filotico, Federica Lauria, Giovanni Sarnelli, Felice Pirozzi, Francesco Ruotolo, Umberto Bracale, Francesco Corcione
Summary: The study found that the vascular approach used during elective laparoscopic left colectomy has a positive impact on defecatory, urinary, and sexual functions, as well as quality of life. A prospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted at two tertiary centers, analyzing patients who underwent the procedure from January 2019 to July 2022. The results showed that preserving the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) was associated with a lower incidence of defecatory disorders, minor incontinence, and less lifestyle alteration compared to high tie ligation of the IMA. The preservation approach also did not result in urinary disorders, although the evidence regarding sexual disorders remained controversial. The findings suggest that the IMA-preserving vascular approach is effective in preventing postoperative functional disorders, particularly in cases of diverticular disease.
UPDATES IN SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Surgery
David A. Wattchow, Simon J. Brookes, Nick J. Spencer, Paul T. Heitmann, Roberto De Giorgio, Marcello Costa, Phil. G. Dinning
Summary: Motor function of the colon is crucial for health, and our understanding of its mechanisms is based on various experimental techniques. This article synthesizes key findings from these approaches to help surgeons better manage colonic conditions.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Martina Maritati, Francesca Remelli, Caterina Trevisan, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Anna Costanzini, Stefano Volpato, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This study aims to establish the correlation between PSP and COVID-19 severity. Analysis of a study population of 1373 COVID-19 patients showed that presepsin is a promising biomarker that can express COVID-19 severity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)