Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shih-Chun Pan, Ching-Chun Huang, Bing-Yu Chen, Wei-Shan Chin, Yue Leon Guo
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether air pollutants modify the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM). The results showed that exposure to high levels of PM2.5 and O-3 increases the risk of DM, and GDM acts synergistically with PM2.5 exposure in DM development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michelle D. Kelsey, Adam J. Nelson, Jennifer B. Green, Christopher B. Granger, Eric D. Peterson, Darren K. McGuire, Neha J. Pagidipati
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major concern for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and aggressive risk factor management is crucial for these high-risk patients. Recommendations and guidelines from professional societies in cardiology, endocrinology, nephrology, and general medicine in the United States and Europe provide guidance on cardiovascular risk reduction for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. While there are some differences in risk stratification, treatment targets for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as the use of specific medications, overall there is significant alignment across recommendations from different professional societies.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charlotte Ling
Summary: Data suggests that epigenetic modifications and mechanisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of pharmacoepigenetics in type 2 diabetes is not well-established. Blood-based epigenetic biomarkers may be useful in distinguishing responders from non-responders to glucose-lowering therapies. Furthermore, there is a need for further research on whether existing therapies exert their effects through therapy-induced epigenetic alterations. Finally, epigenetic enzymes may be potential drug targets for type 2 diabetes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Rey-Renones, Jose Miguel Baena-Diez, Isabel Aguilar-Palacio, Cristina Miquel, Maria Grau
Summary: Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for developing and dying from cancer, possibly due to metabolic abnormalities such as obesity. Understanding this link can aid in designing personalized preventive strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David M. Nathan, GRADE Study Res Grp, John M. Lachin, Ashok Balsubramanyam, Henry B. Burch, John B. Buse, Nicole M. Butera, Robert M. Cohen, Jill P. Crandall, Steven E. Kahn, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Mary E. Larkin, Neda Rasouli, Margaret Tiktin, Deborah J. Wexler, Naji Younes
Summary: In this trial, all four glucose-lowering medications added to metformin were effective in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels. Glargine and liraglutide showed modestly superior efficacy in achieving and maintaining target glycated hemoglobin levels.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicholas J. Wareham
Summary: This review examines the degree of personalization in existing interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes and suggests ways to achieve greater personalization through better identification of high-risk individuals, subdivision of type 2 diabetes into specific subgroups, and individualization of preventive targets. The use of more dynamic real-time data shows promise but requires further evaluation against clinical outcomes. Future personalized preventive approaches should complement existing individual-level interventions and align with strategies at the societal level.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christine Gyldenkerne, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Johnny Kahlert, Pernille Gro Thrane, Kevin Kris Warnakula Olesen, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Michael Maeng
Summary: Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, especially among younger individuals. Compared to the general population, individuals with type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events, occurring at least 12 years earlier.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shuo Zhao, Ming-Li Liu, Bing Huang, Fu-Rong Zhao, Ying Li, Xue-Ting Cui, Rong Lin
Summary: This study found that elevated levels of short-chain acylcarnitine C2 were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this association remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annika Vestergaard Kvist, Mohamad I. Nasser, Peter Vestergaard, Morten Frost, Andrea M. Burden
Summary: A study in Denmark from 1997 to 2017 found that the incidence rates of fractures were higher in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes, except for foot fractures. The incidence of hip fractures decreased by 35.2%, 47.0%, and 23.4% in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and without diabetes, respectively, over the last 5 years. However, vertebral fractures increased by 14.8%, 18.5%, and 38.9% in the same groups. After age adjustment, patients with type 1 diabetes still had a higher risk of fractures compared to those without diabetes, while patients with type 2 diabetes had a risk similar to those without diabetes.
Review
Allergy
Pauline Poh-Lin Chan Ng, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Bee-Wah Lee
Summary: The allergy epidemic is linked to urbanization and the modern lifestyle. Different theories, relating to microbes and the epithelial barrier, have been proposed to explain the causes. Clinical studies have led to intervention strategies during the first thousand days, with the most significant being the early introduction of allergenic foods. Other strategies include a healthy diet during pregnancy, continuing allergenic food intake, and vitamin D supplementation. The translation of these strategies into public health and clinical practice is still a work in progress, and long-term population studies are crucial for assessing their feasibility.
ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Neha J. Pagidipati, Prakash Deedwania
Summary: Despite extensive research on risk-reduction strategies, cardiovascular disease and renal disease remain major causes of mortality and morbidity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states holistically is crucial for providing integrated care to individuals with these conditions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Georgia Chatzi, William Whittaker, Tarani Chandola, Thomas Mason, Claudia Soiland-Reyes, Matt Sutton, Peter Bower
Summary: The impact factors of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) in England are not well understood. This study compares the representation of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) population at different stages of the DPP and finds that younger and older adults, as well as people living in deprived areas, are slightly under-represented in the programme. Ethnic minorities are over-represented at the identification and offer stages but drop at the programme completion stage. The DPP has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities but may widen socioeconomic, age, and health-related inequalities in T2DM.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Suriya Prausmueller, Michael Resl, Henrike Arfsten, Georg Spinka, Raphael Wurm, Stephanie Neuhold, Philipp E. Bartko, Georg Goliasch, Guido Strunk, Noemi Pavo, Martin Clodi, Martin Huelsmann
Summary: In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the new ESC/EASD risk stratification model showed limited performance compared to the SCORE and single NT-proBNP assessment in predicting 10-year cardiovascular disease and all-cause fatal events. Score and NT-proBNP had significantly higher C-indices for predicting CVD and all-cause death compared to the ESC/EASD risk model.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Li-Mei Li, Bei-Ge Jiang, Liang-Liang Sun
Summary: Diabetes is a highly heterogeneous metabolic disease with different types and clinical manifestations. Distinguishing between types and defining subtypes is a major challenge in precise treatment. T2D is the main type of diabetes, and certain gene variants have been shown to increase the risk of T2D. HNF1 alpha gene mutations can cause different types of diabetes and exhibit high polymorphism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rosa Jimenez-Lucena, Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Irene Roncero-Ramos, Javier Lopez-Moreno, Antonio Camargo, Francisco Gomez-Delgado, Gracia M. Quintana-Navarro, Cristina Vals-Delgado, Fernando Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Raul M. Luque, Javier Delgado-Lista, Jose M. Ordovas, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuniga, Jose Lopez-Miranda
Summary: The study found that the plasma levels of miRNAs at baseline were associated with the risk of developing T2DM after dietary intervention, with different miRNAs playing different roles depending on the diet. Pathway analysis indicated that miR-126 and miR29a were involved in regulating signaling pathways associated with T2DM development.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aliya A. Khan, Lars Rejnmark, Mishaela Rubin, Peter Schwarz, Tamara Vokes, Bart Clarke, Intekhab Ahmed, Lorenz Hofbauer, Claudio Marcocci, Uberto Pagotto, Andrea Palermo, Erik Eriksen, Meryl Brod, Denka Markova, Alden Smith, Susanne Pihl, Sanchita Mourya, David B. Karpf, Aimee D. Shu
Summary: This study investigated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TransCon PTH in adults with hypoparathyroidism. The results showed that TransCon PTH enabled most participants to achieve independence from standard of care and improved their health-related quality of life.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Paccou, Elena Tsourdi, Christian Meier, Andrea Palermo, Jessica Pepe, Jean-Jacques Body, M. Carola Zillikens
Summary: Bariatric surgery is associated with increased fracture risk, especially in procedures with malabsorptive components. In all patients, addressing vitamin D deficiency and ensuring adequate calcium and protein intake is essential before and after surgery.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gianfranco Sanson, Amedeo De Nicolo, Verena Zerbato, Ludovica Segat, Raffaella Koncan, Stefano Di Bella, Jessica Cusato, Alessandra di Masi, Andrea Palermo, Pietro Caironi, Pierlanfranco D'Agaro, Roberto Luzzati, Antonio D'Avolio
Summary: This study aimed to assess the combined role of vitamin D and albumin serum levels as predictors of COVID-19 disease progression. The results showed that patients with low albumin and low vitamin D serum levels had a significantly increased risk of disease progression. The combined evaluation of these two factors can provide a simple prognostic tool for guiding clinical decisions.
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernesto Maddaloni, Geremia B. Bolli, Brian M. Frier, Randie R. Little, Richard D. Leslie, Paolo Pozzilli, Raffaela Buzzetti
Summary: C-peptide measurement is valuable in autoimmune diabetes but limited in type 2 diabetes due to confounding factors like insulin resistance. Standardization issues exist that may affect comparability between different laboratories.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aliya A. Khan, Mishaela R. Rubin, Peter Schwarz, Tamara Vokes, Dolores M. Shoback, Claudia Gagnon, Andrea Palermo, Claudio Marcocci, Bart L. Clarke, Lisa G. Abbott, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Lynn Kohlmeier, Susanne Pihl, Xuebei An, Walter Frank Eng, Alden R. Smith, Jenny Ukena, Christopher T. Sibley, Aimee D. Shu, Lars Rejnmark
Summary: TransCon PTH demonstrated efficacy in maintaining normocalcemia and allowing independence from conventional therapy in individuals with hypoparathyroidism. The treatment also showed significant improvements in health-related quality of life and hypoparathyroidism-related symptoms.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernesto Maddaloni, Ilaria Cavallari, Ylenia La Porta, Alessandro Appetecchia, Luca D'Onofrio, Francesco Grigioni, Raffaella Buzzetti, Rury R. Holman
Summary: The study found that SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the risk of renal impairment and heart failure. Furthermore, the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in terms of kidney protection is related to the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, with the best results seen in patients who initiate treatment early and have a higher eGFR. The greatest reduction in heart failure risk is observed in patients with a lower eGFR.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
D. Bruttomesso, C. Irace, P. Pozzilli
Summary: This study reported on glycemic control in Italian participants with type 1 diabetes and found that younger patients had better glycemic control compared to older patients. Factors such as body mass index and adherence to diet were associated with glycemic control.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Federico D'Antoni, Lorenzo Petrosino, Alessandro Marchetti, Luca Bacco, Silvia Pieralice, Luca Vollero, Paolo Pozzilli, Vincenzo Piemonte, Mario Merone
Summary: This study proposes a layered meta-learning approach based on multi-expert systems to predict adverse events in patients with type 1 diabetes. Three deep neural networks are used to specialize in predicting hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or euglycemia. The outputs of the experts are then passed to a meta-learner to provide the final classification. The approach is able to predict hypoglycemia events with an average time gain of 22.8 minutes and hyperglycemia events with an average advance of 24.0 minutes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Felecia D'Souza, Raffaella Buzzetti, Paolo Pozzilli
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased risk and adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms include dysregulation of specific enzymes and impaired immune responses, exacerbated by hyperglycemia. Limited studies on COVID-19 vaccination in people with diabetes show that vaccination is protective against adverse outcomes. People with diabetes should be prioritized in vaccination efforts and blood sugar optimization is essential in reducing their COVID-19-associated risk.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pozzilli Paolo
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Massimiliano Copetti, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Raffaella Buzzetti, Maria Gisella Cavallo, Efiso Cossu, Paola D'Angelo, Salvatore De Cosmo, Frida Leonetti, Susanna Morano, Lelio Morviducci, Nicola Napoli, Sabrina Prudente, Giuseppe Pugliese, Antonio Fernando Savino, Vincenzo Trischitta
Summary: This study aimed to validate the association of a 14-metabolite score with all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and explore whether it could improve existing mortality prediction models. The results showed a significant association between the 14-metabolite score and mortality in type 2 diabetes, although the effect size was lower compared to the general population. However, a simplified version of the score without two specific metabolites improved patient analysis and classification of mortality risk.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca D'Onofrio, Rocco Amendolara, Carmen Mignogna, Gaetano Leto, Lida Tartaglione, Sandro Mazzaferro, Ernesto Maddaloni, Raffaella Buzzetti
Summary: This study evaluated CHIT activity as an early biomarker of arterial stiffness in T2D patients without overt vascular complications. The results showed no association between CHIT activity and arterial stiffness, but the high-PWV group had other CVD risk factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Panagiotis A. Vorkas, Athina Gkiomisi, Maria P. Yavropoulou, Martina Rauner, Panagiotis Nikolakopoulos, Stergios Papachatzopoulos, Polyzois Makras, Spyridon Gerou, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Andrea Palermo, Elena Tsourdi
Summary: Menstrual cessation affects lipid metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of goserelin-induced menstrual cessation and subsequent menstrual restoration on lipid metabolism. The results showed that levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A1 increased during menstrual cessation, but remained unchanged during menstrual restoration.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Martina Verri, Stefania Scarpino, Anda Mihaela Naciu, Gianluca Lopez, Gaia Tabacco, Chiara Taffon, Emanuela Pilozzi, Andrea Palermo, Anna Crescenzi
Summary: The use of fluorescence laser confocal microscopes (FCM) in evaluating FNA thyroid samples has shown promising results in improving the timeliness and accuracy of patient management.
