Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jorge Tamarit-Rodriguez
Summary: The glucose-induced release of insulin in beta cells is attributed to the metabolism of glucose in the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle. This metabolism leads to the closure of ATP-dependent K+ channels and the opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, triggering the exocytosis of insulin secretory granules. GABA metabolism in beta cells is found to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion. The GABA shunt metabolism provides an alternative pathway for the citric acid cycle, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean-Claude Henquin
Summary: Insulin secretion by li-cells in human pancreatic islets is influenced not only by circulating nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters, but also by local regulation within the islets, characterized by a unique cell composition and architectural organization. While some candidates for paracrine control of insulin secretion in human islets have strong evidence, others require further investigation to confirm their physiological role.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biology
Zhongying Wang, Tatyana Gurlo, Aleksey Matveyenko, David Elashoff, Peiyu Wang, Madeline Rosenberger, Jason A. Junge, Raymond C. Stevens, Kate L. White, Scott E. Fraser, Peter C. Butler
Summary: In Type 2 diabetes, there are differential usages of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in living islet cells following glucose stimulation, as revealed by phasor-FLIM. This study suggests the potential applicability of FLIM as a sensitive tool for drug discovery in diabetes by reporting perturbations in glucose metabolism in living islet cells.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junwei Zhang, Xiaohong Peng, Yunxiang Wu, Huixia Ren, Jingfu Sun, Shiyan Tong, Tianyan Liu, Yiwen Zhao, Shusen Wang, Chao Tang, Liangyi Chen, Zhixing Chen
Summary: This study presents a class of red- and far-red-emitting Zn2+ probes, suitable for real-time monitoring high concentrations of Zn2+ co-released with insulin during vesicular secretion. Introduction of morpholino auxochromes in the probes eliminates phototoxicity, enabling long-term live recording of isolated islets. Additionally, a Si-rhodamine-based Zn2+ probe with high turn-on ratio allows simultaneous recording of various signals in isolated islets, showcasing the potential impact of biocompatible fluorophores in islet endocrinology and system biology.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hin Ting Wan, Lok Yi Cheung, Ting Fung Chan, Marco Li, Keng Po Lai, Chris Kong Chu Wong
Summary: Considerable human data have shown that exposure to PFOS is correlated with the risk of metabolic diseases, but the underlying effects are not clearly understood. This study investigated the impact of PFOS treatment on pancreatic beta-cell functions, revealing inhibitory effects on insulin secretion and disruptions in energy metabolism pathways.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra C. C. Santos, George Nader, Dana El Soufi El Sabbagh, Karolina Urban, Liliana Attisano, Peter L. L. Carlen
Summary: Human cerebral organoids resemble the complexity of the human brain and have the potential to improve drug development for neurological diseases. Epilepsy, a complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, requires better models for drug development. This study demonstrates the use of human cerebral organoids to model cerebral cortical hyperexcitability, which could contribute to drug discovery for epilepsy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Hee Ha, Muralidharan Jayaraman, Revathy Nadhan, Srishti Kashyap, Priyabrata Mukherjee, Ciro Isidoro, Yong Sang Song, Danny N. Dhanasekaran
Summary: Through metabolomics analysis, we identified five distinct metabolic groups in HGSOC cells, with most cancer cells showing an increase in metabolites associated with aerobic glycolysis and phospholipid metabolism. Additionally, subsets of HGSOC cells exhibited elevated levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, or glutamate. These findings suggest these metabolites could serve as oncometabolites and potential therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer.
Review
Physiology
Jing Li, Han Yan, Rui Xiang, Weili Yang, Jingjing Ye, Ruili Yin, Jichun Yang, Yujing Chi
Summary: Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is a major global public health concern, with insulin resistance and liver metabolic disorder playing key roles in its development. ATP, as a key energy molecule, is involved in almost all biological activities. Recent studies have shown that ATP can act as a signaling molecule to regulate cellular functions and metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vera J. M. Nies, Dicky Struik, Sihao Liu, Weilin Liu, Janine K. Kruit, Michael Downes, Tim van Zutphen, Henkjan J. Verkade, Ronald M. Evans, Johan W. Jonker
Summary: This study found that FGF1 can increase glucose uptake in adipocytes by activating GLUT4 protein. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to FGF1 can stimulate adipocyte glucose uptake by transcription of GLUT1 protein.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Eva Tuduri, Sergi Soriano, Lucia Almagro, Anabel Garcia-Heredia, Alex Rafacho, Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Angel Nadal, Ivan Quesada
Summary: Aging is associated with decreased beta-cell adaptations and insulin sensitivity. Aged mice with low insulin sensitivity demonstrate worsened glucose metabolism and impaired insulin secretion, possibly due to compromised mitochondrial function.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nicolai M. Doliba, Andrea V. Rozo, Jeffrey Roman, Wei Qin, Daniel Traum, Long Gao, Jinping Liu, Elisabetta Manduchi, Chengyang Liu, Maria L. Golson, Golnaz Vahedi, Ali Naji, Franz M. Matschinsky, Mark A. Atkinson, Alvin C. Powers, Marcela Brissova, Klaus H. Kaestner, Doris A. Stoffers
Summary: This study found that alpha cell dysfunction exists during the early stages of GADA(+) state, even when alpha cell mass is still normal. This has important implications for understanding the role of early alpha cell dysfunction in the progression of T1D.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Eung-Kwon Pae, Man-Kyo Chung, Ronald M. Harper
Summary: Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in insulin regulation, and intermittent hypoxia (IH) can affect GABA levels and insulin secretion. This study explores the potential therapeutic roles of GABA for diabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and suggests novel interventions for insulin regulation during IH in disordered breathing.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
T. B-D Mcewan, R. A. Sophocleous, P. Cuthbertson, K. J. Mansfield, M. L. Sanderson-Smith, R. Sluyter
Summary: The study revealed that scratched cells release adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) which activates P2Y(2) receptors to facilitate wound closure in HaCaT keratinocytes. Inhibition of ATP release and P2Y(2) receptor activation impaired wound healing, highlighting the importance of autocrine purinergic signaling in this process.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Catia Marques, Liangwen Liu, Kyle D. Duncan, Ingela Lanekoff
Summary: Targeted and nontargeted metabolomics can evaluate and detect global metabolite changes in biological systems. Direct infusion mass spectrometric analysis can simultaneously provide information on metabolites and lipids in chemically complex samples. The design and characterization of a direct infusion probe (DIP) is presented, which enables rapid metabolomics of chemically complex biological samples. The DIP allows for the acquisition of uniform MS signal for several minutes from low sample volumes, enhancing throughput.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiutang Huang, Zhongqiang Jia, Shenggan Wu, Feifan Liu, Yingnan Wang, Genmiao Song, Xiaoli Chang, Chunqing Zhao
Summary: To expand the usage of Fluxametamide in paddy fields, its potential toxicological effects on fish were investigated. The study found that Fluxametamide exhibited high toxicity to zebrafish Danio rerio, but only slightly inhibited the GABA-stimulated current of certain receptors. It also showed a high bioconcentration level in zebrafish, but rapidly decreased in concentration over a short period of time.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jakob G. Knudsen, Alexander Hamilton, Reshma Ramracheya, Andrei I. Tarasov, Melissa Brereton, Elizabeth Haythorne, Margarita V. Chibalina, Peter Spegel, Hindrik Mulder, Quan Zhang, Frances M. Ashcroft, Julie Adam, Patrik Rorsman
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisa Vergari, Jakob G. Knudsen, Reshma Ramracheya, Albert Salehi, Quan Zhang, Julie Adam, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Anna Benrick, Linford J. B. Briant, Margarita V. Chibalina, Fiona M. Gribble, Alexander Hamilton, Benoit Hastoy, Frank Reimann, Nils J. G. Rorsman, Ioannis I. Spiliotis, Andrei Tarasov, Yanling Wu, Frances M. Ashcroft, Patrik Rorsman
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Om Prakash Dwivedi, Mikko Lehtovirta, Benoit Hastoy, Vikash Chandra, Nicole A. J. Krentz, Sandra Kleiner, Deepak Jain, Ann-Marie Richard, Fernando Abaitua, Nicola L. Beer, Antje Grotz, Rashmi B. Prasad, Ola Hansson, Emma Ahlqvist, Ulrika Krus, Isabella Artner, Anu Suorantal, Daniel Gomez, Aris Baras, Benoite Champon, Anthony J. Payne, Daniela Moralli, Soren K. Thomsen, Philipp Kramer, Ioannis Spiliotis, Reshma Ramracheya, Pauline Chabosseau, Andria Theodoulou, Rebecca Cheung, Martijn van de Bunt, Jason Flannick, Maddalena Trombetta, Enzo Bonora, Claes B. Wolheim, Leena Sarelin, Riccardo C. Bonadonna, Patrik Rorsman, Benjamin Davies, Julia Brosnan, Mark McCarthy, Timo Otonkoski, Jens O. Lagerstedt, Guy A. Rutter, Jesper Gromada, Anna L. Gloyn, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Leif Groop
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. Dybjer, G. Engstrom, C. Helmer, K. Nagga, P. Rorsman, P. M. Nilsson
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leslie S. Satin, Quan Zhang, Patrik Rorsman
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quinn P. Peterson, Adrian Veres, Lihua Chen, Michael Q. Slama, Jennifer H. R. Kenty, Shaimaa Hassoun, Matthew R. Brown, Haiqiang Dou, Caden D. Duffy, Quan Zhou, Aleksey V. Matveyenko, Bjoern Tyrberg, Maria Soerhede-Winzell, Patrik Rorsman, Douglas A. Melton
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joely A. Kellard, Nils J. G. Rorsman, Thomas G. Hill, Sarah L. Armour, Martijn van de Bunt, Patrik Rorsman, Jakob G. Knudsen, Linford J. B. Briant
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Belen Chanclon, Yanling Wu, Milica Vujicic, Marco Bauza-Thorbrugge, Elin Banke, Peter Micallef, Julia Kanerva, Bjorn Wilder, Patrik Rorsman, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2020)
Article
Microscopy
J. Bednarska, P. Novak, Y. Korchev, P. Rorsman, A. I. Tarasov, Andrew Shevchuk
Summary: The study applied SICM-FCM to investigate the exocytosis of insulin granules from the top surface of pancreatic beta-cells, providing insights into the topographical changes associated with physiologically induced release of insulin DCVs. This allowed for a direct observation of the kinetics of full fusion of insulin vesicles and subsequent solubilization of released insulin crystals.
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amir Hatamie, Lin Ren, Haiqiang Dou, Nikhil R. Gandasi, Patrik Rorsman, Andrew Ewing
Summary: The research shows that vesicular release in pancreatic beta cells is not all-or-none, but rather partial release of insulin and serotonin. Utilizing nanoscale amperometric chemical methods, the study quantified the amount of serotonin stored and released during each exocytosis event, revealing that beta cells only release one-third of their granule content. This has implications for understanding type-2 diabetes.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marco Bauza-Thorbrugge, Elin Banke, Belen Chanclon, Eduard Peris, Yanling Wu, Saliha Musovic, Cecilia Jonsson, Peter Stralfors, Patrik Rorsman, Charlotta S. Olofsson, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
Summary: This study found that SERCA2 expression is downregulated in adipocytes from obese and type-2 diabetes patients, and ablation of SERCA2 leads to disturbed calcium homeostasis, impaired hormone secretion, and abnormal glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Furthermore, adipocyte-specific SERCA2 knockout also affects glucose uptake in white and brown adipose tissue, which is associated with regulated mitochondrial function.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Duan Chen, Jens F. Rehfeld, Alan G. Watts, Patrik Rorsman, Andrew L. Gundlach
Summary: In the 20th Century, regulatory peptide discovery advanced from identification to extraction, isolation, and cloning, leading to the elucidation of systems physiology and the approval of improved therapeutics and diagnostics. This wealth of information calls for a renaissance in regulatory peptides, as reviewed in this article, which focuses on gut peptides, stress hormone, and relaxin-family peptides and receptors, aiming to enhance our understanding of the current state-of-the-art and future priorities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Patrick E. E. MacDonald, Patrik Rorsman
Summary: Plasma glucose levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon, two hormones that control blood sugar. Insulin-secreting beta-cells are located next to alpha-cells, which produce and release glucagon, a hormone that increases blood glucose levels. Diabetes is a disorder caused by insufficient insulin secretion and dysregulation of glucagon. The 100th anniversary of glucagon's discovery in 2023 provides an opportunity to explore its roles in overall metabolism and health.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna L. Gloyn, Mark Ibberson, Piero Marchetti, Alvin C. Powers, Patrik Rorsman, Maike Sander, Michele Solimena
Summary: This Perspective discusses the current status and challenges in human islet research, emphasizing the importance of standardization to address analytical challenges and promote international collaboration. The authors propose actions to accelerate research progress and increase understanding of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elisa Vergari, Geoffrey Denwood, Albert Salehi, Quan Zhang, Julie Adam, Ahmed Alrifaiy, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Anna Benrick, Margarita Chibalina, Lena Eliasson, Claudia Guida, Thomas G. Hill, Alexander Hamilton, Reshma Ramracheya, Frank Reimann, Nils J. G. Rorsman, Ioannis Spilliotis, Andrei Tarasov, Jonathan N. Walker, Patrik Rorsman, Linford J. B. Briant