Review
Oncology
Snehal G. Patel, Sally E. Carty, Andrew J. Lee
Summary: Despite the challenges in managing thyroid nodules, molecular testing platforms have been developed to improve cancer risk assessment for patients with cytologically indeterminate nodules, and have been incorporated into guidelines as an important diagnostic adjunct. Numerous studies have demonstrated the accuracy and utility of molecular testing in the contemporary management of thyroid nodules.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrea Giaccari, Roberto Pontremoli, Pasquale Perrone Filardi
Summary: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) were initially approved for diabetes treatment, but now they are being recognized as promising agents for treating heart failure and chronic kidney disease, even in non-diabetic patients. However, the use of these drugs in frail patients with multiple pathologies can be complex and require a multidisciplinary approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christophe E. M. De Block, Jolijn Van Cauwenberghe, Niels Bochanen, Eveline Dirinck
Summary: Over the past 100 years since the discovery of insulin, insulin preparations have significantly improved, from animal insulins to human insulins to insulin analogues. The advent of ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogues has provided a new possibility for achieving strict glucose control while maintaining convenience in insulin therapy.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lee-Ling Lim, Elaine Chow, Juliana C. N. Chan
Summary: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often have comorbidities and premature mortality. Traditional drugs and certain inhibitors have organ-protective effects, while SGLT2i, GLP1RA, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists provide additional cardiorenal benefits. However, there are care gaps due to detection issues, therapeutic inertia, and poor adherence.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
William E. Winter, David L. Pittman, Ishwarlal Jialal
Summary: Detection of islet autoantibodies is crucial for the diagnosis and prediction of T1D. It plays an important role in therapy choice, weight management, dietary control, screening for coexistent diseases, prognosis assessment, and risk evaluation for relatives.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yalin Liu, Xianghang Luo
Summary: This review summarizes the clinical evidence of semaglutide's effect on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, and establishes expectations for future clinical trials in obesity treatment.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zobair Younossi, Naim Alkhouri, Ken Cusi, Scott Isaacs, Fasiha Kanwal, Mazen Noureddin, Rohit Loomba, Natarajan Ravendhran, Brian Lam, Khalil Nader, Andrei Racila, Fatema Nader, Linda Henry
Summary: This study proposed an algorithm using noninvasive tests to identify high-risk NAFLD patients in clinical practice. The algorithm uses a three-step process to stratify patients and assist in managing those at high risk for adverse outcomes.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rakesh Luthra, Shaun Bender, Derek Terada
Summary: This study describes the use of combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States who were initially prescribed metformin, showing similarities in demographics and baseline characteristics between dual and triple + therapy groups, with some differences in age and treatment outcomes.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Francisco Gortazar, Micael Gallego, Michel Maes-Bermejo, Ivan Chicano-Capelo, Carlos Santos
Summary: This study proposes browser-less alternative strategies for load testing WebRTC services and compares their performance and costs with traditional strategies. The results show that our proposed strategies are able to emulate more users than traditional strategies on identical machines. We also found a significant cost saving in load testing with our strategies, reducing expenditure by 96% compared to browser-based strategies.
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Pagano, Giovanna Navarra, Laura Coppola, Giorgio Avilia, Maurizio Bifulco, Chiara Laezza
Summary: Medical case reports suggest that cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa have therapeutic effects, but their use is limited due to the psychotropic effect of its major component THC. New scientific discoveries have led to the development of new therapeutic targets to minimize the undesirable effects of certain constituents. FDA-approved drugs have shown efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis, cancer, and AIDS-related anorexia. This review highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of cannabinoids in various diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Luigi Barrea, Claudia Vetrani, Massimiliano Caprio, Marwan El Ghoch, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Rucha J. Mehta, Verna Mendez, Eleonora Moriconi, Stavroula A. Paschou, Agnieszka Pazderska, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri
Summary: This article reviews the evidence and uncertainties surrounding nutritional therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, providing guidance for clinical practice.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Teodor Salmen, Ali Abbas Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo, Valeria-Anca Pietrosel, Ioana-Cristina Bica, Cosmina Theodora Diaconu, Claudia Gabriela Potcovaru, Bianca-Margareta Salmen, Oana Andreia Coman, Anca Bobirca, Roxana-Adriana Stoica, Anca Stoian
Summary: In this retrospective study, both SGLT-2i and GLP-1 RAs showed efficacy in weight control, metabolic control, and diastolic blood pressure control when used in conjunction with other glucose-lowering, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications in a real-life setting.
Article
Psychiatry
Takahiro Soda, Amanda R. Merner, Brent J. Small, Laura N. Torgerson, Katrina Munoz, Jehannine Austin, Eric A. Storch, Stacey Pereira, Gabriel Lazarq-Munoz
Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine the practices and attitudes of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) regarding diagnostic genetic and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing. The survey of 958 US-based practicing CAP found that over half of the respondents had ordered or referred for a genetic test in the past year. Most agreed that it is their responsibility to discuss genetic information with their patients but rated their knowledge of genetic testing practice guidelines as poor. PGx testing was found to be the most commonly ordered test and was considered at least slightly useful in child and adolescent psychiatry by the majority of respondents. Patient requests and provider misinterpretation of PGx were identified as factors affecting the ordering practices and clinical management.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Roy Taylor
Summary: The twin cycle hypothesis suggests that excess liver fat can lead to dysfunction of both the liver and pancreas in type 2 diabetes. Calorie restriction can help normalize liver glucose handling and restore beta-cell function, resulting in remission. Achieving significant weight loss is crucial for remission, with the duration of diabetes and baseline beta-cell function being important factors.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gigi Adam, Silvia Robu, Mihaela-Magdalena Flutur, Oana Cioanca, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Ana-Maria Adam, Cornelia Mircea, Aurel Nechita, Valeriu Harabor, AnaMaria Harabor, Monica Hancianu
Summary: This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the clinical applications of Perilla frutescens through human studies and outline potential directions for further research. The findings suggest significant clinical effects of Perilla frutescens extracts on allergic rhinoconjuctivitis, especially in young populations, as well as a potent hypolipemiant effect and potential improvements in cognitive function. Supplementary research in controlled clinical settings is needed to confirm these therapeutic effects.