Article
Sport Sciences
Samantha E. E. Moser, Austin M. M. Brown, Muni Swamy Ganjayi, Jeffrey S. S. Otis, Cory W. W. Baumann
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether muscle recovery is impaired after repetitive bouts of physical stress in skeletal muscle during excessive short-term and long-term alcohol consumption. The results showed that excessive alcohol intake did not affect the muscle's ability to regain strength after repeated bouts of physical stress in a mouse model, suggesting that alcohol may not be as detrimental to recovery as once predicted.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew W. McDonald, Matthew S. Jeffers, Lama Issa, Anthony Carter, Allyson Ripley, Lydia M. Kuhl, Cameron Morse, Cesar H. Comin, Bernard J. Jasmin, Baptiste Lacoste, Dale Corbett
Summary: The evidence supports early rehabilitation after stroke to limit disability, with a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise along with resveratrol showing promising results in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning. However, there were no additive effects observed in these experiments, despite the potential benefits of early treatment for poststroke behavioral impairments.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Harrison D. Stierwalt, Sarah E. Ehrlicher, Matthew M. Robinson, Sean A. Newsom
Summary: This study found that most ACSL protein isoforms can be detected in human skeletal muscle, with minimal changes in abundance after acute exercise. ACSL1 and ACSL6 are possible determinants of fat oxidation and fat storage within skeletal muscle, confirming findings from model systems.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Michael Holmes, Panagiotis Koutakis, Ahmed Ismaeel
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of aging on exercise performance in otherwise healthy individuals. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the researchers measured skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO(2)) during exercise and found that middle-aged and older participants had lower levels of StO(2) compared to younger participants, and longer recovery times. This suggests that aging negatively affects muscle oxygen saturation characteristics.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolas Busse, Madison L. Gonzalez, Mackenzie L. Krason, Sally E. Johnson
Summary: Consumption of HMB increased the percentage of type IIA and IIA/X muscle fibers in the GM, but did not improve athletic performance in horses. Additionally, HMB supplementation did not have measurable effects on the biomechanical properties of the muscles in horses.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anjali Bhat, Rafay Abu, Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Ved Vasishtha Pendyala, Li Yu, Tara L. Rudebush, Chittibabu Guda, Irving H. Zucker, Vikas Kumar, Lie Gao
Summary: Exercise training improves skeletal muscle health through various adaptative pathways. Nrf2, an important antioxidant transcription factor, is crucial for the adaptative responses and beneficial effects of exercise on muscle. The study suggests that Nrf2 plays a critical role in the adaptive effects of skeletal muscle and its response to exercise training.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Joanna Sophia J. Vinke, Alan R. Gorter, Michele F. Eisenga, Wendy A. Dam, Peter van der Meer, Jacob van den Born, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Martijn F. Hoes, Martin H. de Borst
Summary: Loss of muscle mass is associated with impaired quality of life and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency has been found to affect muscle mass and function. Studies on a large population-based cohort and cultured skeletal myoblasts and myocytes have shown that iron deficiency contributes to loss of muscle mass and impaired cellular function.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ivan J. Vechetti, Jessica Norrbom, Bjorn Alkner, Emma Hjalmarsson, Alexandra Palmcrantz, Eva Ponten, Jessica Pingel, Ferdinand von Walden, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
Summary: This study examined the properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developed (TD) individuals at rest and after aerobic exercise. The study found that the size of EVs was similar in CP and TD, but individuals with CP had a lower concentration of EVs. Several miRNAs showed altered expression in individuals with CP, and miR-486 was upregulated in EVs of CP individuals both at rest and after exercise. The study also demonstrated that miR-486 affects the transcriptome of myoblasts, potentially contributing to skeletal muscle alterations observed in individuals with CP.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pia Apablaza, Juan Carlos Borquez, Rodrigo Mendoza, Monica Silva, Gladys Tapia, Alejandra Espinosa, Rodrigo Troncoso, Luis A. Videla, Nevenka Juretic, Andrea del Campo
Summary: Increase in body fat leads to changes in skeletal muscle and accelerates sarcopenia, known as sarco-obesity or sarcopenic obesity. Obesity affects the skeletal muscle's ability to oxidize glucose and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise improves mitochondrial dysfunction, but the effects on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the skeletal muscle are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the UPRmt response to exercise in obese mice and its association with skeletal muscle function improvement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Gerovska, Marcos J. Arauzo-Bravo
Summary: To bring new eccDNA enrichment technologies closer to the clinic, it is essential to identify the differential pattern of genic eccDNA between different states. A computational method called DifCir was designed to identify DPpGCs from short-read sequenced purified eccDNA data, and it successfully identified distinctive features of the influence of physical activity or inactivity in aged skeletal muscle. This study highlights the high sensitivity of the circulome compared to the transcriptome in detecting molecular fingerprints of exercise in aged skeletal muscle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ching-Yan Chloe Yeung, Annesofie T. Olesen, Richard Wilson, Shireen R. Lamande, John F. Bateman, Rene B. Svensson, S. Peter Magnusson, Michael Kjaer
Summary: Both aging and physical activity can affect the amount of intramuscular connective tissue in skeletal muscle. This study investigated the impact on specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and found that aging is associated with an increased abundance of these proteins. However, regular physical activity did not alter the ECM protein levels. These findings indicate that age-related changes in the intramuscular ECM solubility can occur, but physical training does not have the same effect.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua C. Drake, Rebecca J. Wilson, Rhianna C. Laker, Yuntian Guan, Hannah R. Spaulding, Anna S. Nichenko, Wenqing Shen, Huayu Shang, Maya Dorn, Kian Huang, Mei Zhang, Aloka B. Bandara, Matthew H. Brisendine, Jennifer A. Kashatus, Poonam R. Sharma, Alexander Young, Jitendra Gautam, Ruofan Cao, Horst Wallrabe, Paul A. Chang, Michael Wong, Eric M. Desjardins, Simon A. Hawley, George J. Christ, David F. Kashatus, Clint L. Miller, Matthew J. Wolf, Ammasi Periasamy, Gregory R. Steinberg, D. Grahame Hardie, Zhen Yan
Summary: Mitochondria form a complex, interconnected reticulum maintained through coordination among biogenesis, dynamic fission, fusion and mitophagy in response to various cues. Specific isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane and vary in activation across the reticulum in response to energetic stress. The discovery highlights the complexity of sensing cellular energetics in vivo and its implications for targeting mitochondrial energetics in disease treatment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak, Pawel Wityk, Andrzej Ciechanowicz, Robert Nowak
Summary: The study found associations between match time and certain white blood cell subsets in professional soccer players, with significant changes observed in T cell percentages but not in lymphocyte and NK cell percentages between the control and study groups.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kelsey M. Pinckard, Vikram K. Shettigar, Katherine R. Wright, Eaman Abay, Lisa A. Baer, Pablo Vidal, Revati S. Dewal, Devleena Das, Silvia Duarte-Sanmiguel, Diego Hernandez-Saavedra, Peter J. Arts, Adam C. Lehnig, Valerie Bussberg, Niven R. Narain, Michael A. Kiebish, Fanchao Yi, Lauren M. Sparks, Bret H. Goodpaster, Steven R. Smith, Richard E. Pratley, E. Douglas Lewandowski, Subha Raman, Loren E. Wold, Daniel Gallego-Perez, Paul M. Coen, Mark T. Ziolo, Kristin Stanford
Summary: The study demonstrates that brown adipose tissue (BAT) improves cardiac function through the release of the lipokine 12,13-diHOME. Sustained overexpression of 12,13-diHOME can mitigate the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on the heart, while incubation of cardiomyocytes with 12,13-diHOME enhances mitochondrial respiration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Gemmink, Sabine Daemen, Bram Brouwers, Joris Hoeks, Gert Schaart, Kevin Knoops, Patrick Schrauwen, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
Summary: Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles that store and release fatty acids depending on energy demand, with proteins like PLIN2 and PLIN5 playing key roles in LD lipolysis and fat oxidation. Differences in LD dynamics between athletes and T2D patients may contribute to the athlete's paradox, where athletes have higher insulin sensitivity despite high levels of intramyocellular lipid.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Froukje Vanweert, Sebastiaan C. Boone, Bram Brouwers, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Renee de Mutsert, Frits R. Rosendaal, Hildo J. Lamb, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Patrick Schrauwen, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Esther Phielix
Summary: The study found a positive correlation between plasma valine, isoleucine, leucine levels, and intrahepatic lipid content, which was not affected by physical activity levels. Additionally, exercise training was effective in reducing intrahepatic lipid content in individuals with NAFL and CON, but had no significant impact on plasma BCAA levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith, Anthony W. Ferrante
Summary: While many people can achieve a weight loss of 10% or more, maintaining this weight loss over the long term is rare due to the body's neuroendocrine systems that favor regaining lost weight. Understanding and identifying the components of these systems is crucial for developing effective therapies and strategies to reduce obesity rates and complications in modern society.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elvis A. Carnero, Christopher P. Bock, Giovanna Distefano, Karen D. Corbin, Natalie A. Stephens, Richard E. Pratley, Steven R. Smith, Bret H. Goodpaster, Lauren M. Sparks
Summary: This study aimed to assess metabolic flexibility in participants with type 2 diabetes under different physiological conditions and evaluate the impact of aerobic training on these features. Metabolic assessments showed that physically active individuals had better MetFlex compared to obese individuals with or without diabetes. Aerobic training was found to improve certain features of MetFlex in type 2 diabetes patients, indicating the importance of assessing various aspects of metabolic flexibility and distinguishing insulin resistance from MetFlex.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katie L. Whytock, Elvis A. Carnero, Rick B. Vega, Joachim Tillner, Christopher Bock, Karthik Chivukula, Fanchao Yi, Christian Meyer, Steven R. Smith, Lauren M. Sparks
Summary: The study found that a high-dose glucagon infusion over 72 hours does not increase any aspects of energy expenditure in healthy individuals with overweight or obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Timothy D. Allerton, Elvis A. Carnero, Christopher Bock, Karen D. Corbin, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Steven R. Smith, Eric Ravussin
Summary: This analysis aimed to measure the intraparticipant reliability of all components of daily energy expenditure over a period of 3 days, showing high reliability both before and after a weight-loss intervention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Marcus, Taylor L. Davis, Bruce E. Rittmann, John K. DiBaise, Elvis A. Carnero, Karen Corbin, Steven R. Smith, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
Summary: The study developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of small intestine resection on colon microorganisms and energy recovery. It was found that when the entire small intestine was removed, the colon microorganisms were able to recover over half of the gross energy intake, although the quality of energy absorbed changed.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Adeline Divoux, Alexey Eroshkin, Edina Erdos, Katalin Sandor, Timothy F. Osborne, Steven R. Smith
Summary: Recent research comparing genomic DNA methylation patterns between apple-shaped and pear-shaped women found unique epigenetic markings associated with different fat distribution, suggesting a potential predictive value for a simple blood test in identifying young women at increased risk for developing obesity and related complications.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
O. Spadaro, Y. Youm, I Shchukina, S. Ryu, S. Sidorov, A. Ravussin, K. Nguyen, E. Aladyeva, A. N. Predeus, S. R. Smith, E. Ravussin, C. Galban, M. N. Artyomov, V. D. Dixit
Summary: Research indicates that a 14% caloric restriction in healthy individuals can improve immune cell generation and is associated with pathways regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, anti-inflammatory responses, and longevity. The inhibition of the platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase gene Pia2g7 may mediate the effects of reducing inflammation and extending healthy lifespan.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rick B. Vega, Katie L. Whytock, Johan Gassenhuber, Britta Goebel, Joachim Tillner, Inoncent Agueusop, Agnieszka D. Truax, Gongxin Yu, Elvis Carnero, Nidhi Kapoor, Stephen Gardell, Lauren M. Sparks, Steven R. Smith
Summary: Glucagon infusion in healthy individuals resulted in significant changes in the plasma metabolome, particularly affecting pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. This signature of glucagon action goes beyond the known changes in glucose levels and could potentially be useful in monitoring responses to glucagon-related treatments.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Taylor L. Davis, Blake Dirks, Elvis A. Carnero, Karen D. Corbin, Jonathon Krakoff, Shannon Parrington, Donghun Lee, Steven R. Smith, Bruce E. Rittmann, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Andrew K. Marcus
Summary: The study developed and validated a model to convert chemical oxygen demand (COD) to gross energy (E-g) for over 100 food items and ingredients. The model accurately converted between COD and E-g, enabling the analysis of human and microbial energetic processes using a single unit of measure in the food-nutrition-metabolism-microbiome field.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aditi R. Saxena, Anindita Banerjee, Karen D. Corbin, Stephanie A. Parsons, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study demonstrated that single-meal energy intake is a strong predictor of weight changes in participants with obesity, providing valuable information for future clinical trials.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Rodrigo Mancilla, Bram Brouwers, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Joris Hoeks, Patrick Schrauwen
Summary: The study found that afternoon exercise training may have superior metabolic benefits for individuals with compromised metabolism, including improvements in insulin sensitivity, suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis, lower fasting glucose levels, enhanced exercise performance, and reduced fat mass.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adeline Divoux, Katalin Sandor, Dora Bojcsuk, Fanchao Yi, Meghan E. Hopf, Joshua S. Smith, Balint L. Balint, Timothy F. Osborne, Steven R. Smith
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2020)