Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Thomas J. Littlejohns, Shabina Hayat, Robert Luben, Carol Brayne, Megan Conroy, Paul J. Foster, Anthony P. Khawaja, Elzbieta Kuzma
Summary: The study found a potential association between visual impairment, especially moderate to severe impairment, and an increased risk of incident dementia. However, further research is needed to confirm the findings and investigate the possibility of reverse causation.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael Hartley, Claire L. Fyfe, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Alexandra M. Johnstone, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: The study found an association between legume intake and lower blood pressure, with a daily consumption of 55-70 grams of legumes being associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Eliane F. E. Wenstedt, Hessel Peters Sengers, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Bert-Jan H. van den Born, Liffert Vogt
Summary: Experimental studies indicate that high-sodium intake affects the innate immune system by increasing circulating granulocytes. This study found a positive association between sodium intake and granulocyte concentrations, as well as a link between higher granulocyte concentrations and worse cardiovascular and renal outcomes.Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship in this pathway.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tiberiu A. Pana, Robert N. Luben, Mamas A. Mamas, John F. Potter, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: This study aimed to determine the sex differences in blood pressure trajectories in mid-life and their associations with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in old age. The results showed that women had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories compared to men, and women also had lower mortality and CVD incidence. Hypertensive trajectories were associated with increased mortality and incident CVD, but these associations were not maintained after adjusting for confounding factors including antihypertensive therapies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kathrine J. Vinknes, Helga Refsum, Cheryl Turner, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Nita G. Forouhi, Fumiaki Imamura
Summary: The study found that plasma methionine and the methionine/homocysteine ratio were inversely associated with the risk of cerebrovascular diseases, suggesting that methionine may play a role in preventing cerebrovascular diseases.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma Fontvieille, Vivian Viallon, Martina Recalde, Reynalda Cordova, Anna Jansana, Laia Peruchet-Noray, Hannah Lennon, Alicia K. Heath, Dagfinn Aune, Sofia Christakoudi, Verena Katzke, Rudolf Kaaks, Elif Inan-Eroglu, Matthias B. Schulze, Lene Mellemkjaer, Anne Tjonneland, Kim Overvad, Marta Farras, Dafina Petrova, Pilar Amiano, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Sandar Tin Tin, Giovanna Masala, Sabina Sieri, Fulvio Ricceri, Salvatore Panico, Anne M. May, Evelyn M. Monninkhof, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc J. Gunter, Pietro Ferrari, Heinz Freisling
Summary: This study is a meta-analysis of two large prospective cohort studies and found that higher BMI is associated with an increased risk of obesity-related cancer among European adults, regardless of cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. Additionally, there is an additive interaction between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that obesity prevention measures may have a greater impact on reducing cancer risk in populations with cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tiberiu A. Pana, Sheng Hui Kioh, Samuel R. Neal, Maw Pin Tan, Sumaiyah Mat, Alireza Moayyeri, Robert N. Luben, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: This cohort study aimed to determine the association between body fat percentage (BF%), incident fractures and calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). The results showed that higher BF% is associated with lower risk of fractures in women, while increasing BF% >23% is associated with higher risk of hip fractures in men.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tiberiu A. Pana, Mohsen Dehghani, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Samuel R. Neal, Adrian D. Wood, Chun Shing Kwok, Yoon K. Loke, Robert N. Luben, Mamas A. Mamas, Kay-Tee Khaw, Phyo Kyaw Myint
Summary: Through analysis of data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk cohort, it was found that moderate calcium intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while also potentially providing protection against future stroke. Calcium supplementation appears to have a beneficial effect on mortality rates in women, but not in men.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tiberiu A. Pana, Mamas A. Mamas, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Dana K. Dawson, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: This study aims to understand the sex-specific lifetime trajectories of different heart and circulatory disorders and their relationship with death from heart disease. The results of the study show that men have a higher lifetime risk of heart and circulatory disorders compared with women. Men are more likely to experience myocardial infarction as the first manifestation, while women are more likely to develop atrial fibrillation and stroke after a certain age. The excess risk of death from heart disease observed in men with pre-existing heart disease is attenuated compared with those free of heart disease at baseline. In conclusion, our study highlights the marked sex disparities in heart disease and death over the very long-term, emphasizing the need for tailored heart disease prevention efforts for both men and women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rosa D. Wouda, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Kay Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Martin H. de Borst, Ewout J. Hoorn, Joris Rotmans, Liffert Vogt
Summary: Potassium intake is associated with lower blood pressure and lower risk of cardiovascular disease. This association differs between men and women and may depend on daily sodium intake. Particularly, women with high sodium intake benefit the most from a higher potassium intake in terms of lowering systolic blood pressure.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anitra C. Carr, Helen Lunt, Nicholas J. Wareham, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: People with diabetes have 1.4 to 1.6 times higher requirements for vitamin C than those without diabetes, requiring an additional daily intake of approximately 30-40 mg of vitamin C.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah L. Perrott, Kathryn Martin, Victoria L. Keevil, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kay -Tee Khaw, Phyo Kyaw Myint
Summary: Calcaneal ultrasound (BUA) can predict future physical capability among middle-aged and older adults, providing a way to identify individuals at risk of age-related deterioration of health.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
W. H. Wilson Tang, Xinmin S. Li, Yuping Wu, Zeneng Wang, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Max Nieuwdorp, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Stanley L. Hazen
Summary: This study found that elevated levels of TMAO and its precursor choline in apparently healthy middle-aged individuals were predictive of incident cardiovascular disease development, independent of traditional risk factors. The clinical prognostic utility of TMAO remained significant regardless of the chosen cutoff level.
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tinka J. van Trier, Marjolein Snaterse, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Wilma J. M. Scholte op Reimer, Steven H. J. Hageman, Frank L. J. Visseren, Jannick A. N. Dorresteijn, Ron J. G. Peters, Harald T. Jorstad
Summary: This study aims to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of low-risk SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP models for cardiovascular disease risk evaluation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven R. Horbal, Brian A. Derstine, Edward Brown, Grace L. Su, Stewart C. Wang, Sven A. Holcombe
Summary: The evidence supporting aortic calcification as a significant cardiovascular risk factor is increasing rapidly. In this study, the relationship between granular vertebral indexed calcification measurements of the abdominal aorta and Framingham risk scores was evaluated. The results showed a significant association between calcification burden and risk scores. Opportunistically measuring aortic calcification can provide valuable information for cardiovascular risk assessment and surveillance of cardiovascular events.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sam Hodgson, Sukhmani Cheema, Zareena Rani, Doyinsola Olaniyan, Ellen O'Leary, Hermione Price, Hajira Dambha-Miller
Summary: This study systematically reviewed 348 studies on population stratification in adults with type 2 diabetes, finding that most studies used expert-driven approaches with HbA(1c) being the most common variable for stratification. Few studies utilized clinically important non-traditional variables for stratification, highlighting research gaps in this area.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Brewster, Richard Holt, Hermione Price
Summary: Healthcare interventions are complex and require careful planning and development to minimize research waste and ensure they achieve their intended goals. The Medical Research Council offers guidance and tools to support intervention design processes.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Katharine Barnard-Kelly, Clare A. Whicher, Hermione C. Price, Peter Phiri, Shanaya Rathod, Carolyn Asher, Robert C. Peveler, Richard I. G. Holt
Summary: This study aimed to record the expectations and experiences of individuals with severe mental illness receiving daily Liraglutide injections for obesity treatment. Interviews with patients and healthcare professionals revealed that most participants had no challenges with the injections and overall, Liraglutide was considered an acceptable therapy for obesity in this population.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Christopher Meaney, Michael Escobar, Rahim Moineddin, Therese A. Stukel, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Tao Chen, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study uses non-negative matrix factorization to learn a temporal topic model that characterizes the diverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical/mental/social health of residents in Toronto, Canada. Analyzing a large collection of primary care clinical notes, the study uncovers many pandemic-related effects, including direct effects on patient health and indirect effects on mental health, sleep, social dynamics, and healthcare utilization. The study also identifies changes in primary care practice patterns resulting from the pandemic, such as changes in electronic medical records and the adoption of telemedicine.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberly Lazare, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Steven Bernard, Rahim Moineddin, David Eisen, Michelle Greiver, David Kaplan, David Koczerginski, Maria Muraca, Wai Lun Alan Fung, Braden O'Neill
Summary: This study utilized an integrated primary-secondary care database in Toronto to examine the utilization of hospital and primary care services among individuals with mental health conditions or addictions. The findings revealed that individuals with mental health diagnoses accessed healthcare services at higher rates compared to those without such diagnoses, and there were long wait times for specialized psychiatric care.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott R. Garrison, Michael R. Kolber, G. Michael Allan, Jeffrey Bakal, Lee Green, Alexander Singer, Darryl R. Trueman, Finlay A. McAlister, Raj S. Padwal, Michael D. Hill, Braden Manns, Kimberlyn McGrail, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver, Liesbeth S. Froentjes, Donna P. Manca, Dee Mangin, Sabrina T. Wong, Cathy MacLean, Jessica Em Kirkwood, Rita McCracken, James P. McCormack, Colleen Norris, Tina Korownyk
Summary: The BedMed trial aims to evaluate whether bedtime antihypertensive administration can reduce cardiovascular events. The trial will continue until 254 primary outcome events have occurred, with 3227 participants currently enrolled.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Surya Singh, Hermione Price, Kate Fayers, Jose Leal, Victoria Donoghue, Julia Hempenstall, Paul Lewis, Paul O'Halloran, Apostolos Tsiachristas
Summary: The WISDOM self-management intervention for type 2 diabetes appears to be cost-effective compared to usual care by reducing diabetes complications. It leads to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost savings through improved management of risk factors.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ryan Charles Kelly, Peter Phiri, Hermione Price, Amar Ali, Irene Stratton, Kayleigh Austin, Alice Neave, Katharine Barnard-Kelly
Summary: Despite the numerous treatment options available, the majority of diabetes patients fail to achieve blood glucose targets. Patient behavior plays a vital role in improving outcomes. This study aims to compare the consultation duration of adult patients with diabetes using pre-clinic assessment intervention and usual care, and investigate its impact on health outcomes.
Article
Primary Health Care
Maggie Siu, Rachael Morkem, David Barber, John Queenan, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study explored the comprehensiveness of care in patients with depression by examining the associations between a diagnosis of depression, frequency of primary care visits, and completion of Papanicolaou test. The results showed that having a diagnosis of depression was associated with a lower likelihood of completing the Pap test. However, women with depression who had more primary care visits were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Review
Medical Informatics
Christopher Meaney, Therese A. Stukel, Peter C. Austin, Rahim Moineddin, Michelle Greiver, Michael Escobar
Summary: This study reviews several methods for assessing the quality of unsupervised topic models and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. By using different metrics and human judgement, it is found that different quality indices have different impacts on model selection.
BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
P. Alison Paprica, Monique Crichlow, Donna Curtis Maillet, Sarah Kesselring, Conrad Pow, Thomas P. Scarnecchia, Michael J. Schull, Rosario G. Cartagena, Annabelle Cumyn, Salman Dostmohammad, Keith O. Elliston, Michelle Greiver, Amy Hawn Nelson, Sean L. Hill, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Evgueni Loukipoudis, James Ted McDonald, John R. McLaughlin, Alan Rabinowitz, Fahad Razak, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Amol A. Verma, J. Charles Victor, Andrew Young, Joanna Yu, Kimberlyn McGrail
Summary: This article introduces a project conducted by an international team to test and refine the minimum specification essential requirements (min specs). Through analysis and discussion, an updated set of 15 min specs covering various categories has been integrated into a Canadian national standard. These specifications help organizations and initiatives communicate and compare their responsible and trustworthy data governance and management practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POPULATION DATA SCIENCE (IJPDS)
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Tu N. Nguyen, Sumeet Kalia, Peter Hanlon, Bhautesh D. Jani, Barbara I. Nicholl, Chelsea D. Christie, Babak Aliarzadeh, Rahim Moineddin, Christopher Harrison, Clara Chow, Martin Fortin, Frances S. Mair, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study investigated the association between multimorbidity and blood pressure control in people with hypertension attending primary care in Canada. The study found that multimorbidity was associated with better blood pressure control, with conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, schizophrenia, depression/anxiety, dementia, and osteoarthritis being associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer Shuldiner, Tara Kiran, Payal Agarwal, Maryam Daneshvarfard, Kirsten Eldridge, Susie Kim, Michelle Greiver, Iffat Jokhio, Noah Ivers
Summary: This study utilized A&F theory and user-centered design to develop a web-based primary care A&F dashboard. By incorporating user interview data and the team's experience, we designed a dashboard that meets the needs and goals of physicians, including addressing data skepticism, spurring action, and supporting physician engagement in quality improvement work.
JMIR HUMAN FACTORS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katrina A. D'Urzo, Itamar E. Tamari, Kenneth R. Chapman, M. Reza Maleki-Yazdi, Michelle Greiver, Ross Eg Upshur, Lana Biro, Braden O'Neill, Rahim Moineddin, Babak Aliarzadeh, Kulamakan Kulasegaram, Teresa To, Anthony D. D'Urzo
Summary: This study aims to address the poor co-ordination of care between primary care and specialist settings in managing severe asthma through the establishment of a severe asthma registry and an educational programme for primary care providers. This manuscript describes the first phase of the study, which involves establishing criteria for diagnosing severe asthma, creating a severe asthma registry, and defining a Clinician Behaviour Index (CBI) based on electronic-medical record data.
Article
Primary Health Care
Hamidreza Goodarzynejad, Christopher Meaney, Paula Brauer, Michelle Greiver, Rahim Moineddin, Alan A. Monavvari
Summary: The study reveals a modest increase in average BMI among Canadian adults between 2011 and 2016. Male patients have higher BMI on average compared to female patients, and young adults show the fastest increase in BMI compared to older adults. These findings suggest that current obesity management in primary care fails to moderate weight gain in different age and sex groups, emphasizing the need for preventive measures targeting younger individuals.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
