Serial measurements of cystatin C are more accurate than creatinine-based methods in detecting declining renal function in type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE- Cystatin C- and creatinine-based methods were compared with (99m)-technetium-diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) plasma clearance (isotopic glomerular filtration rate [iGFR]) for detecting declining renal function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was monitored over a mean of 10.1 years in 85 subjects with type I diabetes (with an average of 5.6 measurements per individual). Baseline mean +/- SD iGFR of the cohort was 106.1 +/- 2.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). The rates of decline in GFR (Delta GFR) were derived using linear regression. RESULTS - In 19 of 85 subjects with declining renal function (i.e., Delta iGFR >33 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year), Delta GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year) was 6.5 by iGFR, 4.2 by 10(4)/creatinine, 3.6 by Cockcroft-Gault formula, 3.4 by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-6 equation, and 3.5 by the MDRD-4 variable equation (P < 0.01 vs. iGFR). In comparison, Delta GFR was 6.1 using the formula Cys-GFR = (86.7/cystatin C concentration) - 4.2 (not significant). CONCLUSIONS - Cystatin C was more accurate in detecting decline in renal function than creatinine-based methods in this population of subjects with type I diabetes and a normal mean baseline GFR.