Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fumitaka Kawakami, Motoki Imai, Yuki Isaka, Mark R. Cookson, Hiroko Maruyama, Makoto Kubo, Matthew J. Farrer, Makoto Kanzaki, Rei Kawashima, Tatsunori Maekawa, Shun Tamaki, Yoshifumi Kurosaki, Fumiaki Kojima, Kenichi Ohba, Takafumi Ichikawa
Summary: This study demonstrates the negative impact of LRRK2 on glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced mice. In adipose tissue, LRRK2 kinase activity suppresses Rab8 and Rab10-mediated GLUT4 membrane translocation, exacerbating glucose intolerance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Golam M. Uddin, Qutuba G. Karwi, Simran Pherwani, Keshav Gopal, Cory S. Wagg, Dipsikha Biswas, Mariam Atnasious, Yikuan Wu, Guoqing Wu, Liyan Zhang, Kim L. Ho, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, John R. Ussher, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Summary: The study found that cardiac-specific deletion of BCAA aminotransferase in mice led to decreased BCAA oxidation rates, increased BCAA levels, and reduced BCKA levels in the heart, while showing an increase in insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation. This suggests that BCKAs, rather than BCAAs, are the mediators of cardiac insulin resistance.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miaomiao Wu, Fan Yin, Xiaoli Wei, Ruixue Ren, Chongqing Chen, Menghua Liu, Ruyu Wang, Liu Yang, Ruiqian Xie, Shanyue Jiang, Ziming Wang, Rui Liu, Wentao Xu, Xuefu Wang, Jing Li, Hua Wang
Summary: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a global health problem with no effective pharmacological treatments. This study reveals the role of CREG1 protein in the pathogenesis of ALD and suggests CREG1 as a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kiko Hasegawa, Nobuyuki Takenaka, Kenya Tanida, Man Piu Chan, Mizuki Sakata, Atsu Aiba, Takaya Satoh
Summary: Rac1 is involved in insulin-dependent glucose uptake and lipogenesis in white adipocytes, and its deficiency may result in reduced insulin responsiveness and atrophy of white adipose tissues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hyunju Kang, Young-Ki Park, Ji-Young Lee
Summary: Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a natural nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by activating sirtuin 1 in alcohol-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, NR counteracts hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha-induced metabolic reprogramming favoring lactate formation. The effects of NR are likely attributable to the replenishment of the cellular NAD(+) pool depleted by metabolizing ethanol.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Han-yu Yang, Ming Liu, Yun Sheng, Liang Zhu, Meng-meng Jin, Tian-xin Jiang, Lu Yang, Pei-hua Liu, Xiao-dong Liu, Li Liu
Summary: The study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) worsened diabetes symptoms by impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) partly through activating the RXR/SREBP-1c/UCP2 pathway. This highlights the possible role of ATRA in diabetic progression and suggests new strategies for diabetes treatment.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jonas R. Knudsen, Agnete B. Madsen, Zhencheng Li, Nicoline R. Andersen, Peter Schjerling, Thomas E. Jensen
Summary: This study investigates the role of γ-actin in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. The results show that γ-actin deficiency leads to decreased glucose uptake in response to insulin during the growing period, but no significant changes in glucose uptake in response to insulin during the mature period. These findings provide evidence for considering the impact of rapid growth in mice in transgenic mouse phenotyping studies.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Transplantation
Christina Schnoz, Monique Carrel, Johannes Loffing
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eva Dizin, Valerie Olivier, Charline Maire, Olga Komarynets, Ali Sassi, Isabelle Roth, Johannes Loffing, Sophie de Seigneux, Marc Maillard, Joseph M. Rutkowski, Aurelie Edwards, Eric Feraille
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga Komarynets, Alexandra Chassot, Eva Bernabeu, Jan Czogalla, Isabelle Roth, Nicolas Liaudet, Francois Prodon, Johannes Loffing, Eric Feraille
Article
Urology & Nephrology
David Penton, Twinkle Vohra, Eszter Banki, Agnieszka Wengi, Maria Weigert, Anna-Lena Forst, Sascha Bandulik, Richard Warth, Johannes Loffing
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Review
Toxicology
Sabine Guth, Stephanie Hueser, Angelika Roth, Gisela Degen, Patrick Diel, Karolina Edlund, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Karl-Heinz Engel, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Volker Heinz, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Angela Mally, Rosemarie Marchan, Doris Marko, Eva Muehle, Michael A. Nitsche, Elke Roehrdanz, Richard Stadler, Christoph van Thriel, Stefan Vieths, Rudi F. Vogel, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl, Ute Noethlings, Jan G. Hengstler
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kristin Schwerbel, Anne Kamitz, Natalie Krahmer, Nicole Hallahan, Markus Jaehnert, Pascal Gottmann, Sandra Lebek, Tanja Schallschmidt, Danny Arends, Fabian Schumacher, Burkhard Kleuser, Tom Haltenhof, Florian Heyd, Sofiya Gancheva, Karl W. Broman, Michael Roden, Hans-Georg Joost, Alexandra Chadt, Hadi Al-Hasani, Heike Vogel, Wenke Jonas, Annette Schuermann
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Physiology
Geoffrey D. Holman
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Heja Aga, Nicole Hallahan, Pascal Gottmann, Markus Jaehnert, Sophie Osburg, Gunnar Schulze, Anne Kamitz, Danny Arends, Gudrun Brockmann, Tanja Schallschmidt, Sandra Lebek, Alexandra Chadt, Hadi Al-Hasani, Hans-Georg Joost, Annette Schuermann, Heike Vogel
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hans-Georg Joost
Summary: Metformin, as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, has sustained hypoglycemic action and several beneficial non-glycemic effects, but gastrointestinal irritation and rare lactic acidosis should be taken into consideration.
Editorial Material
Toxicology
Sabine Guth, Stephanie Hueser, Angelika Roth, Gisela Degen, Patrick Diel, Karolina Edlund, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Karl-Heinz Engel, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Volker Heinz, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Angela Mally, Rosemarie Marchan, Doris Marko, Eva Muehle, Michael A. Nitsche, Elke Roehrdanz, Richard Stadler, Christoph van Thriel, Stefan Vieths, Rudi F. Vogel, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl, Ute Noethlings, Jan G. Hengstler
Summary: Since the 1940s, there have been ongoing discussions about the benefits and risks of adding fluoride to drinking water. A recent review focused on assessing the risk of current exposure levels in Europe to human health. Despite inconsistent data, the evidence does not support the idea that fluoride should be considered a human developmental neurotoxicant at current exposure levels in European countries.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hans-Georg Joost
Summary: Metformin remains the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its sustained hypoglycemic action and beneficial non-glycemic effects. These effects include anti-atherosclerotic action, moderate weight reduction, and reduced risk of diabetes-associated carcinoma. Though generally well-tolerated, gastrointestinal irritation can lead to discontinuation in some patients, and rare cases of lactic acidosis can occur if contraindications are not followed.
Editorial Material
Toxicology
Gerhard Eisenbrand, Matthias Baum, Alexander T. Cartus, Patrick Diel, Karl-Heinz Engel, Barbara Engeli, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Sabine Guth, Dirk Haller, Volker Heinz, Michael Hellwig, Jan G. Hengstler, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine Kulling, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Alfonso Lampen, Marcel Leist, Angela Mally, Doris Marko, Ute Noethlings, Elke Roehrdanz, Angelika Roth, Joachim Spranger, Richard Stadler, Stefan Vieths, Wim Waetjen, Pablo Steinberg
Summary: After the ingestion of nitrate/nitrite and acetaldehyde/ethanol in diet, sustained exposure to nitrite and acetaldehyde may result in combination effects. These effects could affect the upper gastrointestinal tract locally and have systemic effects on the formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC). Salivary concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and acetaldehyde increase after ingestion, absorption, and distribution, reflecting their plasma kinetics and secretion through the salivary glands and microbial/enzymatic metabolism in the oral cavity. Combination effects in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract have not been extensively studied. This Guest Editorial reviews the evidence on exposure levels and biokinetics of nitrate/nitrite/NOx, NOC, and acetaldehyde, and identifies knowledge gaps on combination effects. Further research is needed to address these unresolved issues.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jan G. Hengstler, Matthias Baum, Alexander T. Cartus, Patrick Diel, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Karl-Heinz Engel, Barbara Engeli, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Sabine Guth, Dirk Haller, Volker Heinz, Michael Hellwig, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Alfonso Lampen, Marcel Leist, Angela Mally, Doris Marko, Ute Noethlings, Elke Roehrdanz, Angelika Roth, Joachim Spranger, Richard Stadler, Pablo Steinberg, Stefan Vieths, Wim Waetjen
Summary: Acetaldehyde is naturally present in many foods and used as a flavoring agent. However, there is uncertainty regarding its carcinogenicity and genotoxic potential after oral exposure. Due to incomplete data and concerns about its genotoxicity, a science-based health risk assessment for the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring agent is not currently possible. Therefore, a re-evaluation of the use of acetaldehyde as a food additive is recommended for precautionary consumer protection.
JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shawna L. L. McMillin, Parker L. L. Evans, William M. M. Taylor, Luke A. A. Weyrauch, Tyler J. J. Sermersheim, Steven S. S. Welc, Monique R. R. Heitmeier, Richard C. C. Hresko, Paul W. W. Hruz, Francoise Koumanov, Geoffrey D. D. Holman, E. Dale Abel, Carol A. A. Witczak
Summary: The study found that GLUT1 does not mediate basal muscle glucose uptake and suggests the existence of a novel glucose transport mechanism for overload-stimulated glucose uptake.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sabine Guth, Matthias Baum, Alexander T. Cartus, Patrick Diel, Karl-Heinz Engel, Barbara Engeli, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Dirk Haller, Volker Heinz, Michael Hellwig, Jan G. Hengstler, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Alfonso Lampen, Marcel Leist, Angela Mally, Doris Marko, Ute Noethlings, Elke Roehrdanz, Angelika Roth, Joachim Spranger, Richard Stadler, Pablo Steinberg, Stefan Vieths, Wim Waetjen, Gerhard Eisenbrand
Summary: This opinion from the SKLM presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of acrylamide (AA) exposure in diet, based on a critical review of relevant scientific evidence. The SKLM concludes that as long as exposure limits for AA are not exceeded, genotoxic effects leading to carcinogenicity are unlikely to occur. Considering the totality of evidence, the SKLM deems it scientifically justified to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) as a health-based guidance value.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)