Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rocco Barazzoni, Gianluca Gortan Cappellari, Michela Zanetti, Katherine A. Klaus, Annamaria Semolic, Matthew L. Johnson, K. Sreekumaran Nair
Summary: Moderate caloric restriction can improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals, potentially due to increased levels of unacylated ghrelin (UnAG). The study found that caloric restriction led to an increase in UnAG levels and was positively associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Florencia Halperin, Teresa Mezza, Ping Li, Jun Shirakawa, Rohit N. Kulkarni, Allison B. Goldfine
Summary: This study investigates the regulatory role of insulin in the beta cell response to arginine stimulation in healthy humans. The results demonstrate that pre-exposure to insulin enhances arginine-stimulated insulin secretion. This finding reveals the physiological role of insulin in regulating beta cell response to non-glucose secretagogues.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katy A. van Galen, Anouk Schrantee, Kasper W. ter Horst, Susanne E. la Fleur, Jan Booij, R. Todd Constable, Gary J. Schwartz, Ralph J. DiLeone, Mireille J. Serlie
Summary: This study found that intragastric glucose and lipid infusions can induce cerebral neuronal activity and striatal dopamine release in individuals with a healthy body weight, but these responses are severely impaired in individuals with obesity. Furthermore, the impaired neuronal responses are not restored after diet-induced weight loss.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juan A. Navarro, Caridad Diaz, Juan Decara, Dina Medina-Vera, Antonio J. Lopez-Gambero, Juan Suarez, Francisco Javier Pavon, Antonia Serrano, Antonio Vargas, Ana Luisa Gavito, Oscar Porras-Perales, Jesus Aranda, Francisca Vicente, Carlos Sanjuan, Elena Baixeras, Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
Summary: This study characterizes the oral pharmacokinetics of D-Pinitol in human healthy volunteers and suggests its potential importance as an endocrine pancreas protector for the treatment or prevention of insulin resistance-associated conditions.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xi Chen, Aurora Merovci, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Devjit Tripathy
Summary: A chronic physiologic increase in plasma glucose concentration for 48-72 hours impairs insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion and causes whole body insulin resistance, indicating the importance of glucotoxicity in the development of hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nigel C. Bennett, Christopher G. Faulkes, Cornelia Voigt
Summary: The naked and Damaraland mole-rats are group-living mammals with unequal reproduction among the social group. Only one female, referred to as the queen, produces offspring with dominant males. Non-reproductive colony members are suppressed by the queen, with altered hormone levels. The two mole-rat species serve as ideal models to study the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The neuropeptides kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3 are likely to play a role in reproductive functions in these species.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elizabeth M. Rhea, William A. Banks, Jacob Raber
Summary: The concept of insulin resistance has been around for decades and is now recognized to have both peripheral and central components, with implications for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. This review compares and contrasts the similarities and differences between peripheral and central nervous system insulin resistance, and discusses the role of apolipoprotein E and the blood-brain barrier in mediating the connections between these two systems.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Behiye Ozcan, Patric J. D. Delhanty, Martin Huisman, Jenny A. Visser, Sebastian J. Neggers, Aart Jan van der Lely
Summary: In patients with type 1 diabetes, there was no significant difference in plasma levels of AG and UAG between normal weight and overweight individuals. However, a positive correlation was observed between BMI and insulin dose/kg bodyweight, suggesting that exogenous insulin plays a more important role than the ghrelin system in the development of obesity in type 1 diabetes.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kent Pedersen, Helle Andersen, Christian Fledelius, Jens Juul Holst, Sara Toftegaard Hjuler, Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
Summary: This study investigated the impact of blood sampling methods on glucose regulation and hormone secretion in conscious rats. It was found that restraint and sublingual vein puncture induced stress responses, resulting in reduced glucose absorption, tolerance, and secretion of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). These findings suggest the importance of careful selection of blood sampling methods in rat experiments to avoid stress-related biases in the results.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harunobu Nishizaki, Osamu Matsuoka, Tomoya Kagawa, Akihiro Kobayashi, Masanori Watanabe, Yusuke Moritoh
Summary: SCO-267, as a full agonist of GPR40, regulates the secretion of islet and gut hormones, demonstrating safety and good tolerability in healthy adults and patients with diabetes. It shows potential as an attractive drug candidate for diabetes treatment, with robust therapeutic effects on hormonal secretion and glycemic control.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean-Claude Henquin
Summary: Optimal metabolic homeostasis requires precise control of insulin secretion, which is influenced by various factors. Inconsistent findings between in vitro and clinical studies may result from extreme experimental conditions that do not reflect physiological relevance.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sabina Galiniak, Rafal Podgorski, Marta Rachel, Artur Mazur
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetically determined disease caused by a mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein gene. This study found significantly reduced serum levels of ghrelin and ASP in CF patients, but no difference in PYY and alpha-MSH levels compared to healthy subjects. Ghrelin was negatively correlated with age, body mass index, and C-reactive protein, while PYY was negatively associated with age in CF patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Isabel Garcia-Garcia, Marina Fernandez-Andujar, Manuel Narvaez, Natalia Garcia-Casares
Summary: Midlife obesity and late-life weight loss increase the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease, possibly due to gastrointestinal factors such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin. A systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple studies found that lower leptin and higher resistin levels were associated with cognitive impairment and AD. However, the results for ghrelin and adiponectin were inconclusive, potentially influenced by various factors. This research could contribute to the discovery of new blood markers for MCI and AD.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Matthieu Fortin-Deschenes, Fengnian Xia
Summary: Layered silicon diphosphide exhibits unique excitonic states with linearly dichroic photoluminescence and strong exciton-phonon coupling.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Derek P. D. Bornath, Greg L. McKie, Seth F. McCarthy, Luke W. Vanderheyden, Greg J. Howe, Philip J. Medeiros, Tom J. Hazell
Summary: This study examined the role of IL-6 on exercise-induced appetite regulation and found that IL-6 was not associated with appetite suppression. Although individuals with obesity had a blunted appetite response to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), normal weight participants experienced decreased hunger after exercise, and there were no significant differences in appetite perceptions between the control and exercise groups or between the normal weight and obesity groups.