Review
Neurosciences
Sara Carucci, Chiara Narducci, Marzia Bazzoni, Carla Balia, Federica Donno, Antonella Gagliano, Alessandro Zuddas
Summary: Recent clinical studies have shown the extreme neuropsychological heterogeneity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children/adolescents and adults. Specific neuropsychological deficits are found in only a minority of individuals, and there is no direct correlation between discrete cognitive performances and clinical symptoms. Sex differences contribute to the clinical and neuropsychological heterogeneity of ADHD, with females potentially exhibiting greater working memory problems, poorer vocabulary skills, and worse visual spatial reasoning. However, most clinical studies have primarily or exclusively included male participants, limiting conclusions about sex differences within the disorder.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steffen Barra, Andreas Grub, Michael Roesler, Petra Retz-Junginger, Florence Philipp, Wolfgang Retz
Summary: The study found that individuals with ADHD tend to choose maladaptive stress coping strategies, which can increase life impairments. Adaptive stress coping strategies have limited effects on reducing life impairments for individuals with ADHD, highlighting the need for professional support and consideration of stress coping strategies in treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rong Wang, Yongchen Fan, Ying Wu, Yu-Feng Zang, Changsong Zhou
Summary: The neural mechanisms and symptom correlations of ADHD may be shared between children and adults with ADHD. This study found that ADHD patients have a quadratic association in the whole-brain and most functional systems, while the limbic system shows a linear association with ADHD. The limbic system predicts hyperactivity better, while the salient attention system predicts inattention better.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Karen Vertessen, Marjolein Luman, Anouck Staff, Pierre Bet, Ralph de Vries, Jos Twisk, Jaap Oosterlaan
Summary: Methylphenidate has beneficial effects on neurocognitive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD, with greater improvement in lower-order functions and no significant effects on higher-order functions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hassan Bazmamoun, Alireza Momeni, Leila Jahangard, Farzaneh Asnaashari, Nasrollah Pezeshki
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients and its treatment effect on constipation. The results showed that the frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients was 13.87%. Treatment for ADHD alone or in combination with functional constipation significantly influenced the recovery rate of constipation.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sergi Ferre, Annabelle M. Belcher, Jordi Bonaventura, Cesar Quiroz, Marta Sanchez-Soto, Veronica Casado-Anguera, Ning-Sheng Cai, Estefania Moreno, Comfort A. Boateng, Thomas M. Keck, Benjamin Floran, Christopher J. Earley, Francisco Ciruela, Vicent Casado, Marcelo Rubinstein, Nora D. Volkow
Summary: The dopamine D4 receptor and its polymorphic variants play important roles in dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation, and are associated with various disorders such as impulse-control disorders. Research on the D4 receptor helps to understand the regulatory mechanisms of impulsivity as a personality trait, and provides valuable therapeutic targets for diseases such as ADHD.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Teague R. R. Henry, Nicholas D. D. Fogleman, Tehila Nugiel, Jessica R. R. Cohen
Summary: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the recommended first-line treatment for ADHD. This study used functional MRI and network control theory to analyze the effects of MPH on brain network dynamics in children with ADHD. The findings suggest that MPH may stabilize functional network dynamics and improve cognitive performance in children with ADHD.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yanee Choksomngam, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish, Assawin Narkpongphun, Krongporn Ongprasert, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
Summary: Poor family functioning is associated with poor child ADHD symptoms. This study found that each dimension of family functioning is linked with controlled ADHD symptoms in an Asian culture. Specifically, good family roles and behavior control were associated with controlled ADHD symptoms.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Morgan M. Grotewiel, Megan E. Crenshaw, Amelia Dorsey, Elizabeth Street
Summary: Hyperfocus and flow are intense concentration experiences associated with reduced perception of irrelevant stimuli and improved task performance. Hyperfocus has been historically seen as a symptom of ADHD, autism, or schizophrenia, while flow is regarded as an enjoyable experience in positive psychology. Recent studies suggest that hyperfocus and flow may be the same phenomenon viewed from different perspectives.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Shabnam Shirdel, Mohammad Shadbafi, Shiva Shirdel, Mostafa Zarean
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT), and driving behavior, with procrastination serving as a mediator. The findings revealed significant associations between ADHD symptoms and SCT symptoms with driving behavior. The study also identified a significant correlation between ADHD and SCT symptoms with procrastination, which in turn significantly affected driving behavior. This study contributes to the current understanding of adult hyperactivity and procrastination, particularly in relation to driving behavior.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alisa R. R. Kosheleff, Oren Mason, Rakesh Jain, Jennifer Koch, Jonathan Rubin
Summary: Among untreated adults with ADHD, there are widespread and cumulative functional impairments which can affect social, educational, and professional aspects of life, increase the risk of accidents and mortality, and reduce quality of life. This article reviews the most prominent functional impairments in adults with ADHD and summarizes the potential role of medication in improving outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Maria C. Broletti, Christina Efthymiou, Aja Louise Murray, Emily McDougal, Sinead M. Rhodes
Summary: This study investigates the effects of ADHD and DCD on depression levels and the mediating role of executive function in adults. It finds distinct profiles of executive function across diagnostic groups, with higher depression symptoms in adults with ADHD + DCD. ADHD and DCD symptoms, as well as most executive function domains, predict depression symptoms. Overall executive function difficulties fully mediate the relationships between ADHD/DCD and depression symptoms, with several specific domains showing mediating effects. Targeting executive function may be important for preventing co-occurring depression in individuals with these neurodevelopmental conditions.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsin-Yi Fan, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Yu-Shian Cheng, Weilun Chung, Ruu-Fen Tzang, Hsien-Jane Chiu, Chun-Ning Ho, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and analysis of the effectiveness of electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) in treating the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents/adults. The results suggest that EEG-NF can effectively improve inattention symptoms, but its effectiveness in reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity remains inconclusive.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jutta S. Mayer, Geva A. Brandt, Juliane Medda, Ulrike Basten, Oliver Grimm, Andreas Reif, Christine M. Freitag
Summary: Youth with ADHD show alterations in cognitive emotion regulation strategies, with more frequent use of maladaptive strategies and less frequent use of adaptive strategies. These alterations are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in patients.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Dara E. Babinski, Erika F. H. Saunders, Fan He, Duanping Liao, Amanda M. Pearl, Daniel A. Waschbusch
Summary: This study examined the diagnostic indicators, clinical characteristics, and functional impairment associated with adult ADHD using electronic medical records and self-report measures. The results showed a significant difference in prevalence of ADHD between self-report screening and medical records. ADHD was found to contribute to functional impairment even when controlling for other psychiatric comorbidities.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Douglas Sjowall, Lisa B. Thorell
Summary: This study found that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to multiple neuropsychological deficits, even in adulthood. Executive deficits have independent effects on daily life functioning and quality of life, and remain significant even when controlling for ADHD symptom levels.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ylva F. Kaul, Martin Johansson, Johanna Mansson, Karin Stjernqvist, Aijaz Farooqi, Fredrik Serenius, Lisa B. Thorell
Summary: The study aimed to identify a specific cognitive profile for children born extremely preterm by analyzing strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full-Scale IQ, overlap between different cognitive deficits, and proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits. Results showed that extremely preterm children performed worse in perceptual reasoning and working memory, but there was large heterogeneity in cognitive subscales and no specific cognitive profile was found. It was concluded that Full-Scale IQ scores do not fully represent the cognitive abilities of EPT children and individual profiles need to be considered for appropriate support.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Lisa B. Thorell, Charlotte Skoglund, Almudena Gimenez de la Pena, Dieter Baeyens, Anselm B. M. Fuermaier, Madeleine J. Groom, Irene C. Mammarella, Saskia van der Oord, Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker, Marjolein Luman, Debora Marques de Miranda, Angela F. Y. Siu, Ricarda Steinmayr, Iman Idrees, Lorrayne Stephane Soares, Matilda Sorlin, Juan Luis Luque, Ughetta M. Moscardino, Maja Roch, Giulia Crisci, Hanna Christiansen
Summary: This study examined parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, finding that many parents reported negative effects such as stress, worry, social isolation, and domestic conflict, with some indicating increased alcohol/drug use. Negative experiences were more common in families with a child with a mental health condition, but differences between countries and families were generally small.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Almudena Gimenez de la Pena, Miguel Lopez-Zamora, Oscar Vila, Auxiliadora Sanchez, Lisa B. Thorell
Summary: This study validates the Spanish version of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) as a suitable tool to assess executive functioning (EF) in 4-5-year-old children. The results indicate that 4-year-olds have higher EF deficits than 5-year-olds, and boys have higher EF deficits than girls. However, gender differences in performance on EF tasks were not significant. Furthermore, the associations between CHEXI ratings and EF tests were weak, suggesting that the two measures capture different aspects of EF.
ANALES DE PSICOLOGIA
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lorrayne Stephane Soares, Aliny Cristina Rodrigues, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Lisa B. Thorell, Debora Marques de Miranda
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused increased stress for people worldwide, and having a responsive partner may be beneficial. This study found that marital status influenced social and work-related stressors and changes in negative mood during the pandemic, and perceived partner responsiveness attenuated the associations between COVID-19-related stressors and changes in negative mood. These findings highlight the importance of relationship type and partner responsiveness for mental health during the pandemic.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Elinor Eskilsson Stralin, Lisa B. Thorell, Katharina Szybek, Tobias Lundgren, Sven Bolte, Benjamin Bohman
Summary: The study evaluated a new group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol for adults with predominantly inattentive ADHD. Feasibility and preliminary effects were explored, showing reductions in inattentive symptoms and depression, as well as an increase in mindfulness meditation, indicating the potential value of the treatment. Further evaluation and participant retention in randomized controlled trials are needed.
Article
Rehabilitation
Marie Peny-Dahlstrand, Caisa Hofgren, Barbro Lindquist, Lena Bergqvist, Kate Himmelmann, Arve Opheim, Douglas Sjowall, Katarina Brock, Ann-Marie Ohrvall
Summary: The present study compared the effectiveness of the CO-OP Approach and conventional rehabilitation in achieving self-identified activity goals for children with CP or SB. The results showed that the CO-OP Approach was more effective in helping children achieve their goals and improve their everyday life performance.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jenny Bolk, Eleni Simatou, Jonas Soderling, Lisa B. Thorell, Martina Persson, Helene Sundelin
Summary: This study suggests that children with pediatric ischemic stroke have an increased risk of ADHD, especially in those with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy, compared to controls. The risk of ADHD increases after childhood strokes regardless of comorbidities.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Andreia Balan, Douglas Sjowall
Summary: This study investigated the effects of deliberate practice and growth mindset on school performance and found that the intervention had no significant effects on attitudes and mathematical performance but resulted in increased deliberate practice behavior in a mathematics test.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Lisa B. Thorell, Jonas Buren, Johanna Strom Wiman, David Sandberg, Sissela B. Nutley
Summary: This review aimed to systematically review studies on the associations between digital media (gaming and social media) and later ADHD symptoms over the past 10 years. The results showed reciprocal associations between digital media and ADHD symptoms, particularly for problematic use of digital media. However, further research is needed to investigate potential moderators and mediators of this association.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Douglas Sjowall, Maria Berglund, Tatja Hirvikoski
Summary: This study examined the effectiveness of computerized working memory training for adults with ADHD in a psychiatric outpatient context. Results showed that 66.67% of the participants completed the training within 7 weeks, and there were improvements in cognitive difficulties and neuropsychological performance that remained stable at the 2-month follow-up. Future research should focus on reducing the time demands of the training to enhance the training experience. Further randomized controlled studies in a clinical context are warranted to validate the preliminary effectiveness.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Lisa B. Thorell, Anselm B. M. Fuermaier, Hanna Christiansen, Ricarda Steinmayr, Dieter Baeyens, Almudena Gimenez de la Pena, Madeleine J. Groom, Iman Idrees, Saskia van der Oord, Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker, Marjolein Luman, Irene C. Mammarella, Charlotte Skoglund
Summary: The school lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on families with children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study found that these families experienced higher levels of both negative and positive effects of distance learning compared to other families. The differences were more pronounced in older children. The deficits in children's executive functioning played a major role in the high levels of negative effects, while the deficits in parents' executive functioning did not contribute significantly beyond the influence of child deficits. Families of children with ADHD/ASD without executive functioning deficits experienced the highest levels of positive effects.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Ann-Marie Ohrvall, Caisa Hofgren, Barbro Lindquist, Lena Bergqvist, Kate Himmelmann, Arve Opheim, Douglas Sjoewall, Katarina Brock, Marie Peny-Dahlstrand
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of an intervention using the CO-OP Approach on children with cerebral palsy or spina bifida. The results showed significant and clinically relevant improvements in goal attainment for both trained and untrained goals, which were maintained at the three-month follow-up. Self-rated competence also increased after the intervention and remained stable at follow-up.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Lorrayne Soares, Lisa B. Thorell, Martina Barbi, Giulia Crisci, Sissela B. Nutley, Jonas Buren
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Social Media Disorder (SMD). The results indicate that executive deficits, delay aversion, and emotion dysregulation are significantly associated with both IGD and SMD symptom severity. These deficits also mediate the association between IGD/SMD and psychosocial outcomes.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jonas Buren, Sissela B. Nutley, Giulia Crisci, Lisa B. Thorell
Summary: This study aimed to examine the reliability and factor structure of a new screening instrument for assessing internet gaming disorder (IGD) and social media disorder (SMD) among adolescents and adults. Results showed that a two-factor solution, representing Heavy Involvement and Negative Consequences, had a better model fit compared to a one-factor solution for both IGD and SMD and for both adolescents and adults. The GSMQ-9 appears to be a reliable two-factor screening instrument for assessing IGD and SMD among adults and adolescents.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
(2023)
