Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Tatiana Sandoval-Guzman
Summary: Originally from central Mexico, the axolotl is now widely distributed and serves as a prominent model organism in various research fields.
Article
Biology
Camilo Riquelme-Guzman, Stephanie L. Tsai, Karen Carreon Paz, Congtin Nguyen, David Oriola, Maritta Schuez, Jan Brugues, Joshua D. Currie, Tatiana Sandoval-Guzman
Summary: Early events during axolotl limb regeneration, including immune response and the formation of a wound epithelium, are crucial for the successful integration and regeneration of skeletal tissue. Osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption, play an active and regulated role in this process. The wound epithelium is identified as a regulator of skeletal resorption, potentially releasing signals involved in the recruitment and differentiation of osteoclasts. The correlation between resorption and blastema formation highlights the importance of resorption in skeletal regeneration.
Article
Biology
Kaylee M. Wells, Kristina Kelley, Mary Baumel, Warren A. Vieira, Catherine D. McCusker, K. VijayRaghavan
Summary: Research shows that nerves play a crucial role in determining the size of regenerating limbs in axolotls, with the number of nerves connected to the central nervous system controlling regeneration. It was also found that the mechanism regulating limb size may not be exclusive to axolotls, and further studies are needed to investigate if other animals use similar mechanisms.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Sakiya Yamamoto, Rena Kashimoto, Saya Furukawa, Ayaka Ohashi, Akira Satoh
Summary: Axolotls have the ability to regenerate their limbs, and in this study, the authors focused on understanding the reactivation process of the developmental gene Lmx1b during limb regeneration. They found that Lmx1b expression is maintained in the dorsal skin before amputation and is activated after amputation. They also discovered that only cells located in the dorsal side prior to limb amputation can reactivate Lmx1b after amputation, and this reactivation is achieved by the presence of nerves. The nerve factors BMP2 + FGF2 + FGF8 consistently reactivate Lmx1b when applied to the dorsal skin. These findings highlight the importance of nerves in amphibian limb regeneration, both in initiating limb regeneration and reactivating position-specific gene expression.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexander M. Lovely, Timothy J. Duerr, Qingchao Qiu, Santiago Galvan, S. Randal Voss, James R. Monaghan
Summary: The study shows that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a similar role in both limb development and limb regeneration in axolotl salamanders. This provides new insights into the interaction of Wnt signaling with other signaling pathways during salamander limb development and regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Giacomo L. Glotzer, Pietro Tardivo, Elly M. Tanaka
Summary: The expression of fibroblast growth factors (Fgf) ligands in the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is a conserved feature of limb development in vertebrates. However, the axolotl, a salamander species, has a unique mesenchymal expression of key Fgf ligands in its developing and regenerating limb. This study investigates the hypothesis that alterations in transcription factors and Wnt signaling during evolution have resulted in this unique expression pattern in the axolotl. The results suggest that a shift in tissue responsiveness to canonical Wnt signaling from epidermis to mesenchyme is one contributing factor to the mesenchymal expression of Fgf ligands in the axolotl.
Article
Oncology
Chenchen Li, Yue Teng, Jiacheng Wu, Fei Yan, Rong Deng, Ying Zhu, Xiaoyou Li
Summary: This study provides insights into the overexpression of KRT17 in various malignancies and its relationship with patient prognosis. Enhanced phosphorylation levels of KRT17 may play a role in several tumors, along with intermediate filament cytoskeleton and keratinization in tumor pathogenesis.
TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Warren A. Vieira, Shira Goren, Catherine D. McCusker
Summary: The Mexican Axolotl exhibits remarkable regenerative abilities, and in the process of limb regeneration, positional communication between cells occurs in two types: one involving memory retention within connective tissue cells and another involving the transmission of positional cues to other cell types in the regenerate. The extracellular matrix likely plays a role in facilitating the latter type of communication during limb regeneration.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yan Hu, Xiangyu Pan, Yu Shi, Yuanhui Qiu, Liqun Wang, Prayag Murawala, Yanmei Liu, Wanjin Xing, Elly M. Tanaka, Ji-Feng Fei
Summary: Muscle is not essential for guiding other cell types but affects joint formation during limb regeneration in axolotls.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Trey Polvadore, Malcolm Maden
Summary: This study reveals the impact of retinoic acid treatment on the control of positional information during axolotl limb regeneration. Through RNA sequencing, the genes interacting with RAR alpha were identified, shedding light on the mechanism of action for future research.
Article
Cell Biology
Mu-Hui Wang, Chia-Lang Hsu, Cheng-Han Wu, Ling-Ling Chiou, Yi-Tzang Tsai, Hsuan-Shu Lee, Shau-Ping Lin
Summary: The study found that nerve-mediated repressive epigenetic modulator HDAC1 expression regulates gene expression at different time points during axolotl limb regeneration, affecting the regeneration process. HDAC1 activity is required to inhibit the premature elevation of genes related to tissue development, differentiation, and morphogenesis. WNT pathway-associated genes are also prematurely activated under HDAC1 inhibition.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Fuying Chen, Lei Yao, Xue Zhang, Yan Gu, Hong Yu, Zhirong Yao, Jia Zhang, Ming Li
Summary: This study identified a novel homozygous c.1474T>C mutation in the KRT5 gene causing a localized recessive form of EBS. The mutation led to structural changes in keratin 5 and altered signaling pathways, with an upregulation of desmoglein 1. The findings suggest that keratin 5 plays a role in maintaining desmoglein 1 levels through the MAPK signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Wenfeng Liang, Huashan Liu, Ziwei Zeng, Zhenxing Liang, Hao Xie, Wenxin Li, Li Xiong, Zhihang Liu, Mian Chen, Haiqing Jie, Xiaobin Zheng, Liang Huang, Liang Kang
Summary: Poor infiltration of T lymphocytes is a crucial mechanism of tumor immune escape. KRT17 has a protective role in colorectal cancer by increasing T-lymphocyte infiltration. KRT17 can also synergize with anti-PD-1 for better tumor control in an immunotherapy-resistant murine model.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Sadik Bay, Gurkan Ozturk, Nesrin Emekli, Turan Demircan
Summary: The Hippo pathway is crucial for various cellular processes, including differentiation, regeneration, cell migration, organ growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle. YAP1, a transcription co-regulator component of the Hippo pathway, is involved in the transcription of genes related to cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis suppression. However, the role of YAP1 in epimorphic regeneration is not fully understood. This study investigated the function of Yap1 in the early blastema stage of limb regeneration in axolotl, providing new insights into the roles of the Hippo pathway in complex structure regeneration.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Warren A. Vieira, Michael Raymond, Kristina Kelley, Matthew A. Cherubino, Hande Sahin, Catherine D. McCusker
Summary: This study investigates the failure of integration in the regeneration of limb tissues in the Mexican axolotl, finding significant differences in the complexity of limb structures and gene expression. They also discover that anterior positional information is more abundant at the limb base, and that anterior patterning genes are more highly expressed in proximally located blastemas compared to blastemas in the more distal regions of the limb. These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of integration failure and the distribution of positional identities in the mature limb.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
