Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Regina B. Troyanovsky, Indrajyoti Indra, Rei Kato, Brian J. Mitchell, Sergey M. Troyanovsky
Summary: The concave surface of Scribble's LRR domain can interact with proteins in three mutually exclusive ways: self-inhibition, formation of multiprotein complexes, and direct interaction with the protein phosphatase PP1. This organization may create a dynamic signaling network that allows for rapid dephosphorylation kinetics.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Panagiota Kakni, Carmen Lopez-Iglesias, Roman Truckenmueller, Pamela Habibovic, Stefan Giselbrecht
Summary: The inner surface of the intestine is a dynamic system. Researchers have developed intestinal organoids that mimic intestinal architecture and cell composition. However, the current models limit the study of the apical side of the epithelium. This study presents a novel intestinal organoid model with reversed polarity, which provides a new research tool for studying nutrient/drug uptake, metabolism, and host-microbiome/pathogen interactions.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gholamali Jafari, Liakot A. Khan, Hongjie Zhang, Edward Membreno, Siyang Yan, Graham Dempsey, Verena Gobel
Summary: Recent research has shown that intracellular vesicular trafficking can determine the position of the apical domain independent of membrane-based polarity cues. Actin dynamics play a crucial role in the polarized distribution of apical membrane components, PARs, and itself. Using photomodulation, it has been demonstrated that F-actin travels towards the future apical domain. These findings suggest an alternative polarity model where actin-directed trafficking asymmetrically inserts the nascent apical domain into the growing epithelial membrane.
Article
Cell Biology
Antonio E. Paniagua, Alicia Segurado, Jorge F. Dolon, Julian Esteve-Rudd, Almudena Velasco, David S. Williams, Concepcion Lillo
Summary: The study reveals that CRB2 plays a crucial role in the polarization process of human RPE cells, contributing to tight junction maintenance and cell cycle arrest. Knockdown of CRB2 in RPE cells affects the distribution of apical polarity proteins and disrupts retinal homeostasis by causing invasion of activated microglial cells into the subretinal space. Overall, CRB2 is identified as a key protein for the development and maintenance of a polarized epithelium.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia G. Vasquez, Eva L. de la Serna, Alexander R. Dunn
Summary: Polarized epithelia play a crucial role in the evolution and construction of complex multicellular animal life. The processes of cell-cell adhesion and the definition of the apicobasal axis have evolved extensively, leading to sophisticated protein complexes contributing to these functions. Understanding the combination of components in polarized cell-cell junctions remains a major challenge.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Gonzalez-Bohorquez, Isabel M. Gallego Lopez, Baptiste N. Jaeger, Sibylle Pfammatter, Megan Bowers, Clay F. Semenkovich, Sebastian Jessberger
Summary: The fate and behavior of neural progenitor cells play crucial roles in mammalian brain development. This study reveals the importance of de novo lipogenesis, mediated by fatty acid synthase (FASN), in regulating progenitor cell polarity and proliferation during mouse and human brain development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anika Koetemann, Bernd Wollscheid
Summary: This article discusses the importance of apicobasal polarity and surfaceomes in epithelial cells, and identifies potential key regulators of these processes. By using chemoproteomic surfaceome scanning, proteotype maps were established and quantitative distributions of proteins that affect polarized cell functionality were revealed. The study also found that the tumor suppressor PTEN regulates the architecture of the polarized surfaceome and may play a role in collective cell migration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Simone S. E. Nielsen, Mikkel R. Holst, Kristine Langthaler, Elisabeth Helena Bruun, Birger Brodin, Morten S. Nielsen
Summary: The mechanisms of transferrin receptor trafficking across brain capillary endothelial cells are not well understood but are important for maintaining brain iron homeostasis and developing drug delivery strategies. This study used expansion microscopy and immunofluorescence-based transport studies to investigate the distribution and sorting of transferrin receptor in these cells. The findings reveal different sorting mechanisms for transferrin receptor depending on the direction of trafficking, with the highest transcytosis capacity observed in the brain-to-blood direction. These results have implications for understanding brain iron homeostasis and optimizing drug delivery to the brain.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Qiannan Deng, Hongyan Wang
Summary: This article reviews recent advances in understanding the polarity of Drosophila neuroblasts, focusing on how actin cytoskeleton, phosphoinositide lipids, and liquid-liquid phase separation regulate the asymmetric cell division of Drosophila neuroblasts.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsubasa Sakurai, Sachiko Kamakura, Junya Hayase, Akira Kohda, Masafumi Nakamura, Hideki Sumimoto
Summary: The autocleavable adhesion GPCR GPR125 plays a crucial role in apicobasal polarization in epithelial cells, primarily localized to the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Janne Hakanen, Nicolas Parmentier, Leonie Sommacal, Dario Garcia-Sanchez, Mohamed Aittaleb, Didier Vertommen, Libing Zhou, Nuria Ruiz-Reig, Fadel Tissir
Summary: The planar cell polarity protein Celsr3 and the microtubule depolymerizing protein Kif2a cooperatively specify the directionality of neuroblasts tangential migration in the postnatal brain, providing new insights into the mechanisms of neuroblast migration.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lydia M. M. Parkinson, Sarah L. L. Gillen, Laura M. M. Woods, Lewis Chaytor, Daniel Marcos, Fahad R. R. Ali, Jason S. S. Carroll, Anna Philpott
Summary: ASCL1 plays a role in maintaining proliferation and controlling differentiation in neuroblastoma cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lyles R. Clark, Sanghee Yun, Nana K. Acquah, Priya L. Kumar, Hannah E. Metheny, Rikley C. C. Paixao, Akivas S. Cohen, Amelia J. Eisch
Summary: This study discusses the impact of mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) on the process of adult hippocampal DG neurogenesis. The results show that mTBI induces transient increases in neurogenesis in the ipsilateral hippocampal region, but not in the contralateral hemisphere. These findings are important for understanding the functional implications of TBI-induced neurogenesis and potential neuron replacement or repair after TBI.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiao Liu, Shang-Kun Dai, Pei-Pei Liu, Chang-Mei Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of Arid1a in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells during cortical development, and suggests potential gene candidates for understanding the pathological mechanisms and developing interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders caused by Arid1a mutations. Rescue experiments successfully restored the neurogenic defects in Arid1a knockout neural stem/progenitor cells.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Mengqi Qian, Xinchen Zhou, Tingting Xu, Meng Li, Zhiren Yang, Xinyan Han
Summary: In this study, the probiotic properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from healthy piglets were evaluated. The strains exhibited resistance to gastrointestinal conditions and maintained self-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity. L. fermentum FL4 showed strong adhesion ability and antimicrobial effect against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. In vitro experiments demonstrated that L. fermentum FL4 efficiently adhered to the apical surfaces of intestinal organoids, activated the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, stimulated intestinal epithelium proliferation and differentiation, and inhibited inflammatory responses induced by ETEC K88. These findings suggest that L. fermentum FL4 has the potential to be used as a probiotic to mitigate intestinal damage and inflammation in piglets.