Review
Cell Biology
Friederike Uhlig, Niall P. Hyland
Summary: This review provides an overview of quorum sensing in the gut and summarizes the role of quorum sensing molecules from commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic bacteria in intestinal health and disease. It highlights the importance of further investigation into the mechanisms of action of quorum sensing at the intestinal neuro-immune interface.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timna Inlender, Einat Nissim-Eliraz, Rhian Stavely, Ryo Hotta, Allan M. Goldstein, Simcha Yagel, Michael J. Gutnick, Nahum Y. Shpigel
Summary: There are significant differences in the prenatal and postnatal development of mucosal enteric glial cells (mEGC) between mice and humans, with mEGCs absent at birth in mice but already present in human fetal gut. Additionally, xenograft experiments show that human mEGCs are more persistent in immuno-compromised mouse hosts compared to murine mEGCs. Single cell RNAseq also indicates disparities in developmental dynamics and gene expression patterns between human and mouse mEGCs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fatima B. Saldana-Morales, Dasom V. Kim, Ming-Ting Tsai, Gretchen E. Diehl
Summary: A coordinated response between the epithelium, immune system, and enteric nervous system is crucial for proper intestinal function during both health and disease. These systems work together to support digestion and recovery following injury or pathogenic infections by responding to common stimuli.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mikayla Ross, Heba Atalla, Niel Karrow, Bonnie A. Mallard
Summary: This study evaluated the functional role of bovine milk exosomes compared with colostrum exosomes from high, average, and low immune responders using Caco-2 cells. The results showed that milk exosomes maintain cell metabolic activity and are not cytotoxic, with significantly greater metabolic activity observed with exosomes from high responder cows. Additionally, milk exosomes were found to have lower caspase 3 activity compared to colostrum exosomes, particularly those from low responders.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fernanda Rosa, Ashok K. Sharma, Manoj Gurung, David Casero, Katelin Matazel, Lars Bode, Christy Simecka, Ahmed A. Elolimy, Patricia Tripp, Christopher Randolph, Timothy W. Hand, Keith D. Williams, Tanya LeRoith, Laxmi Yeruva
Summary: HMOs have a direct impact on gastrointestinal function and immunity, even in the absence of host microbiota. HMO treatment leads to changes in gene expression in intestinal tissues and affects the distribution of immune cells and antibody production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Anna-Lisa E. Lawrence, Basel H. Abuaita, Ryan P. Berger, David R. Hill, Sha Huang, Veda K. Yadagiri, Brooke Bons, Courtney Fields, Christiane E. Wobus, Jason R. Spence, Vincent B. Young, Mary X. O'Riordan
Summary: The human intestinal organoid (HIO) model provides a more accurate platform to study host transcriptional responses to foodborne pathogens like Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. Infection with S. Typhimurium strongly stimulates proinflammatory gene expression and downregulates genes associated with cell cycle and DNA repair, leading to reduced cellular proliferation. The findings highlight the importance of Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2-encoded type 3 secretion systems in modulating early host responses during enteric infection.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Wanjun Jin, Yu Lu, Cheng Li, Meiyi Zou, Qinghui Chen, Lijing Nan, Ming Wei, Chengjian Wang, Linjuan Huang, Zhongfu Wang
Summary: This study improved and applied a glycoqueuing strategy to quantitatively compare the sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (SHMOs) between colostrum milk (CM) and mature milk (MM). The results showed that most oligosaccharides had more than 50% lower content in MM compared to CM, and a higher proportion of alpha 2,3-sialylation was observed in SHMOs from CM. Additionally, the fucosylation level of SHMOs increased with prolonged lactation.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Bente Poelmann, Alinda J. Berends, Nienke Kettelarij, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: This study explores the protective capacity of bioactive components in human milk against viral infections in early life, specifically in the prevention of enteric viral infections. The effects of 2'FL, abundantly present in human milk, on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and innate immune cells were studied, shedding light on mucosal host-defense mechanisms upon viral triggers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Qinggang Xie, Dongying Cui, Qinchao Zhu, Xuewen Qin, Daxi Ren, Xiaoxi Xu
Summary: Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation influences the development of the immune system in newborns. The study found that supplementation with milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium in maternal diet can enhance the immune system and improve intestinal microbiota in neonatal mice. These interventions also protected against immunosuppression caused by lipopolysaccharide.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Anais Rousseaux, Carole Brosseau, Sophie Le Gall, Hugues Piloquet, Sebastien Barbarot, Marie Bodinier
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breastmilk play a crucial role in promoting beneficial effects on the microbiota, immune system, and epithelial barriers in infants, highlighting their potential as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ravindra Pal Singh, Jayashree Niharika, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Mahendra Bishnoi, Jagan Mohan Rao Tingirikari
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars present in breast milk, playing crucial roles in infant development by providing energy for gut microbes and directly modulating gut immune responses. Additionally, HMOs protect infants from infectious diseases by interacting with intestinal cells and inhibiting the binding of pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yufang Liu, Junna Cai, Fuxin Zhang
Summary: The study found that goat colostrum and mature milk have different effects on the intestinal microbiota, with colostrum containing richer nutrients that may promote the growth of both probiotics and pathogens, while mature milk can increase the abundance of probiotics.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elvira Estorninos, Rachel B. Lawenko, Eisel Palestroque, Norbert Sprenger, Jalil Benyacoub, Guus A. M. Kortman, Jos Boekhorst, Jodi Bettler, Colin Cercamondi, Bernard Berger
Summary: The study found that infant formula supplemented with oligosaccharides can improve gut microbiota and enhance intestinal immunity. Compared to the control group, the oligosaccharide-supplemented formula had a strong bifidogenic effect, reduced fecal pathogens, and improved intestinal immune response.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Gaelle Noel, Julie G. In, Jose M. Lemme-Dumit, Lauren R. DeVine, Robert N. Cole, Anthony L. Guerrerio, James D. Campbell, Olga Kovbasnjuk, Marcela F. Pasetti
Summary: Breastfeeding provides long-lasting health benefits for infants, promoting cell growth, immune development, and gut protection. Using a human pediatric enteroid model, it was found that breast milk affects epithelial cell maturation and function differently compared to commercial infant formula. This highlights the unique impact of breast milk on human intestinal physiology and immunity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Zhang, Long-Qing Li, Feitong Liu, Jian-Yong Wu
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are crucial for the development of infant gut microbiota, epithelial barrier, and immune function. The deficiency of HMOs in bovine milk-based infant formula is a major cause of immune disorders in formula-fed infants. Current research focuses on the structure, mechanisms, and effects of HMOs on infant gut microbiota and immune function.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Seunghyun Lee, Young Hun Choi, Yeon Jin Cho, Seul Bi Lee, Jung-Eun Cheon, Woo Sun Kim, Jae Sung Ko, Jaemoon Koh, Gyeong Hoon Kang
Summary: The study found that liver stiffness values on 2D-SWE can be influenced by both fibrosis and necroinflammatory grade, providing excellent diagnostic performance in different pediatric liver diseases. However, clinicians should be mindful of potential confounders, such as necroinflammatory activity or transaminase level, when performing 2D-SWE measurements for liver fibrosis staging.
BMC MEDICAL IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Kyung Jae Lee, Jin Soo Moon, Nan Young Kim, Jae Sung Ko
Summary: The study found that genetic variants of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and SAMM50 are associated with the development and severity of pediatric NAFLD, with a greater impact in children with overweight. These four genetic variants have synergistic effects on the severity of pediatric NAFLD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jong Woo Hahn, Soo Young Moon, Min Soo Kim, Min Hyung Woo, Min Ji Sohn, Hyun-Young Kim, Moon-Woo Seong, Sung Sup Park, Sung-Hye Park, Jin Soo Moon, Jae Sung Ko
Summary: This study examined the clinical features and ACTG2 variants in Korean patients with CIPO. The results showed that ACTG2 missense variants were found in 50% of the patients. Genetic testing of ACTG2 should be considered for CIPO patients with megacystis and abnormal prenatal ultrasonography.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min-Ji Sohn, Woori Chae, Jae-Sung Ko, Joo-Youn Cho, Ji-Eun Kim, Ji-Yeob Choi, Han-Byul Jang, Hye-Ja Lee, Sang-Ick Park, Kyung-Hee Park, Peter J. van der Spek, Jin-Soo Moon
Summary: This study aimed to determine the metabolomic signatures associated with weight control interventions in children with obesity. The analysis of serum metabolites before and after intervention revealed significant changes in metabolic pathways and important metabolites related to childhood obesity.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Carola Murano, Annalisa Zuccarotto, Serena Leone, Marco Sollitto, Marco Gerdol, Immacolata Castellano, Anna Palumbo
Summary: This study compares the biosynthesis of ovothiols in sea urchins and mussels, identifying the tissues and cells that produce the compound and highlighting similarities and differences between the two species. By improving our understanding of the biological roles of ovothiols and identifying sustainable natural sources, this study lays the foundation for future biotechnological investigations on these valuable compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Giorgio Maria Vingiani, Serena Leone, Daniele De Luca, Marco Borra, Alan D. W. Dobson, Adrianna Ianora, Pasquale De Luca, Chiara Lauritano
Summary: Diatoms are photosynthetic organisms with potential applications in bioremediation, capable of degrading pollutants. In this study, two putative DBP hydrolases were identified in the transcriptome of a diatom species, and their structures and interactions with the substrate were analyzed. The expression levels of these hydrolases increased in response to DBP exposure, indicating their potential involvement in phthalates degradation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ho Jung Choi, Inki Kim, Hye-Jin Lee, Hyun Ju Oh, Mi Kyoung Ahn, Woo Im Baek, Yeong Eun Kim, Seak Hee Oh, Byong Sop Lee, Jung-Man Namgoong, Dae Yeon Kim, Eun Joo Lee, Jung Ok Shim, Jae Sung Ko, Kyung Mo Kim
Summary: This study investigated the etiology and outcome of neonatal cholestasis in a tertiary hospital and developed a prediction model for neonatal cholestasis-related mortality. The study found that prematurity, birth injury, complex heart anomalies, liver diseases, and gastrointestinal anomalies were the most common causes of neonatal cholestasis. A logistic regression-based prediction model using simple laboratory indices showed acceptable performance in predicting one-year mortality outcome. The model was externally validated in other centers and exhibited similar performance profiles.
Article
Pediatrics
Seoyun Jang, Yo Han Ahn, Jung Min Ko, Jae Sung Ko, Sojung Lim, Hee Gyung Kang
Summary: This article reports the first pediatric case of atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in the LMNA gene. The patient presented with progeroid features, lipodystrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and steatohepatitis. Screening for proteinuric nephropathy is essential for managing APS patients since childhood.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Woori Chae, Kyung Jae Lee, Ki Young Huh, Jin Soo Moon, Jae Sung Ko, Joo-Youn Cho
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the metabolome profile and metabolic pathway changes associated with pediatric NAFLD, successfully developing machine learning-based diagnostic models with excellent performance. Metabolome changes in pediatric NAFLD patients' plasma are associated with disease pathophysiology and can be used for less invasive diagnosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monia Teresa Russo, Anna Santin, Annalisa Zuccarotto, Serena Leone, Anna Palumbo, Maria Immacolata Ferrante, Immacolata Castellano
Summary: Diatoms are abundant microalgae in the ocean and can fix 20% of CO2 on Earth. They have molecular biodiversity and unique metabolic activities, making them potential biofactories. They produce ovothiols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The functional role of ovothiol biosynthesis in organisms is still largely unknown.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sola Lee, Nam-Joon Yi, Eui Soo Han, Su Young Hong, Jeong-Moo Lee, Suk Kyun Hong, YoungRok Choi, Hyun-Young Kim, Joong Kee Youn, Dayoung Ko, Jae Sung Ko, Jin Soo Moon, Seong Mi Yang, Kwang-Woong Lee, Kyung-Suk Suh
Summary: Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) patients have poorer post-liver transplantation survival rates compared to patients with biliary atresia (BA). PALF patients have higher rates of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and hepatic artery complications post-transplantation. Survival outcomes in PALF patients are associated with lower body weight, hepatic artery complications, and post-transplant RRT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carola Murano, Anna Palumbo, Serena Leone
Summary: Over the past decade, the biological impact of microplastics in marine environments has become a global concern. Many lethal and sublethal effects related to microplastic toxicity are believed to be triggered by oxidative stress and activated pathways. However, our knowledge of the physiological effects of microplastics and the response of the antioxidant system in benthic species is limited. Our study investigates the effects of short-term exposure on the levels of two fundamental nonprotein antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and ovothiol (OSH), in different tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jong Woo Hahn, Heerah Lee, Moon Woo Seong, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Jin Soo Moon, Jae Sung Ko
Summary: This study examined the clinical features, genetic analyses, and long-term outcomes of patients with GSD VI in Korea. Five patients were included in the study, and all patients showed symptoms such as hepatomegaly, elevated liver transaminase activity, and hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment with a high-protein diet and corn starch improved the liver function, hypertriglyceridemia, and height z score of the patients.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pediatrics
Sola Lee, Nam-Joom Yi, Suyoung Hong, Sanggyun Suh, Eui Soo Han, Suk Kyun Hong, YoungRok Choi, Hyun-Young Kim, Jae Sung Ko, Kwang-Woong Lee, Kyung-Suk Suh
PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
M. Shin, J. G. Lim, M. S. Kim, S. Y. Moon, J. W. Hahn, D. H. Kim, J. S. Moon, J. S. Ko
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)