Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matina Kouvari, Nathan M. D'Cunha, Nikolaj Travica, Domenico Sergi, Manja Zec, Wolfgang Marx, Nenad Naumovski
Summary: This review explores the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline and the potential role of diet in reversing cognitive impairment. Optimizing nutritional intake can reduce the risk factors for both metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern and specific dietary food groups may prevent dementia and other cognition-related disorders.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rebecca F. F. Townsend, Danielle Logan, Roisin F. F. O'Neill, Federica Prinelli, Jayne V. V. Woodside, Claire T. T. McEvoy
Summary: Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but the results are inconsistent, likely due to heterogeneity among studies. Standardization of diet exposure and cognitive outcome measurement is needed, and further research should investigate the effects of culturally appropriate dietary patterns on individual cognitive domains and incident cognitive disorders in diverse and high-risk populations.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Lucia Chinnappa-Quinn, Steve Robert Makkar, Michael Bennett, Ben C. P. Lam, Jessica W. W. Lo, Nicole A. Kochan, John D. Crawford, Perminder S. Sachdev
Summary: This systematic review provides preliminary evidence that acute illness hospitalizations may lead to cognitive decline in elderly patients. Factors such as increasing age and severity of illness contribute to post-hospitalization cognitive decline. The meta-analysis suggests a quantitative effect of acute illness hospitalizations on cognitive decline in the elderly population.
INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Filip Morys, Mahsa Dadar, Alain Dagher
Summary: This observational cohort study of over 20,000 participants with a mean age of 63 years found that body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage were positively related to markers of systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Hypertension and diabetes were in turn associated with cerebrovascular disease, which was linked to lower cortical thickness and volume, higher subcortical volumes, and cognitive deficits.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ji Hee Kim, Jun Hyong Ahn, Chan Yang Min, Dae Myoung Yoo, Hyo Geun Choi
Summary: This study identified a close association between poor sleep quality and both subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as well as SCD-related functional limitations. Individuals with worse sleep quality were more likely to experience SCD and related functional impairments.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lena M. Hofbauer, Francisca S. Rodriguez
Summary: The study found a significant association between social deprivation and cognitive status and decline in older adults. Preventing social deprivation can improve cognitive functioning and reduce the incidence of dementia in older populations. Policies that facilitate early intervention in social deprivation will be crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer Weuve, Jennifer D'Souza, Todd Beck, Denis A. Evans, Joel D. Kaufman, Kumar B. Rajan, Carlos F. Mendes de Leon, Sara D. Adar
Summary: The study found that an increase in noise level was associated with higher odds of prevalent MCI and AD, as well as worse global cognitive performance, mainly in perceptual speed. However, the association with cognitive decline was not consistent.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sally C. Duplantier, Christopher D. Gardner
Summary: Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, projected to affect 115.4 million people by 2050. While Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets are believed to have potential neuroprotective benefits, studies on these diet's effects have shown inconsistent results. This paper analyzed five Randomized Clinical Trials and 27 observational studies to identify gaps and challenges that may lead to inconsistent outcomes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ming Yang, Chongbin Liu, Na Jiang, Yan Liu, Shilu Luo, Chenrui Li, Hao Zhao, Yachun Han, Wei Chen, Li Li, Li Xiao, Lin Sun
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by obesity, insulin resistance/diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome poses a heavy medical burden, yet effective prevention and treatment strategies are still lacking. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key protein involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has potential as a target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome by reducing fat mass and improving glucose and lipid metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ji Hee Kim, In Bok Chang, Yoo Hwan Kim, Chan Yang Min, Dae Myoung Yoo, Hyo Geun Choi
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between different types of smoking and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in Korean adults. The results showed that passive smoking and past smoking were significantly associated with SCD, while current smoking was not. Cumulative exposure to smoking was also correlated with a higher incidence of SCD. However, there was no significant association between e-cigarette smoking and SCD among current smokers.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mouna Tahmi, Priya Palta, Jose A. Luchsinger
Summary: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with lower cognitive function, particularly in cross-sectional studies. The impact of MetS on cognition varies depending on factors such as age and gender, making it an important predictor for cognitive function and cognitive impairment.
CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Azar Hosseini, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Maciej Banach, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Summary: Quercetin, as an important flavonoid, has potential effects in improving symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but further research and clinical trials are needed to determine its true clinical value.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ricardo Conde, Nadia Oliveira, Elisabete Morais, Ana Paula Amaral, Adriana Sousa, Goncalo Graca, Ignacio Verde
Summary: Decreased levels of tyrosine, glutamate, valine, leucine, and isoleucine are associated with worsening pathological cognitive decline. Decreased levels of isobutyrate, histidine, acetone, and unknown-1 metabolite are potential biomarkers with neuroprotective and antioxidant actions for cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ho Tae Jeong, Young Chul Youn, Hyun-Ho Sung, Sang Yun Kim
Summary: This study compared and analyzed power spectral changes between SCD subjects and normal controls, revealing an increase in delta waves and a decrease in alpha1 waves in SCD group, possibly related to early-stage AD. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the predictability of power spectral changes for future cognitive decline.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Khairun-Nisa Hashim, Kok-Yong Chin, Fairus Ahmad
Summary: Honey has shown beneficial effects in reversing metabolic syndrome through its anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hypotensive actions, largely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its polyphenol and flavonoid contents.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Patrick H. Luckett, Charlie Chen, Brian A. Gordon, Julie Wisch, Sarah B. Berman, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Anne M. Fagan, Martin R. Farlow, Nick C. Fox, Mathias Jucker, Johannes Levin, Colin L. Masters, Hiroshi Mori, James M. Noble, Stephen Salloway, Peter R. Schofield, Adam M. Brickman, William S. Brooks, David M. Cash, Michael J. Fulham, Bernardino Ghetti, Clifford R. Jack, Jonathan Voeglein, William E. Klunk, Robert Koeppe, Yi Su, Michael Weiner, Qing Wang, Daniel Marcus, Deborah Koudelis, Nelly Joseph-Mathurin, Lisa Cash, Russ Hornbeck, Chengjie Xiong, Richard J. Perrin, Celeste M. Karch, Jason Hassenstab, Eric McDade, John C. Morris, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Randall J. Bateman, Beau M. Ances
Summary: This study analyzed 19 biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using hierarchical clustering and feature selection, and found that amyloid and tau measures were the primary predictors. Emerging biomarkers of neuronal integrity and inflammation showed weaker predictive ability.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Juraj Sprung, Mariana L. Laporta, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Michelle M. Mielke, Clifford R. Jack, David P. Martin, Andrew C. Hanson, Darrell R. Schroeder, Phillip J. Schulte, Scott A. Przybelski, Diana J. Valencia Morales, Toby N. Weingarten, Prashanthi Vemuri, David O. Warner
Summary: This study found that hospitalization in older adults is associated with accelerated cortical thinning, amyloid accumulation, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) increases, especially in medical hospitalizations. However, these changes were modest and did not translate to an increased risk of crossing the abnormality threshold.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emma L. Ducca, Gabriela T. Gomez, Priya Palta, Kevin J. Sullivan, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Jeremy Walston, B. Gwen Windham, Keenan A. Walker
Summary: The study found a strong association between cerebral white matter structure and current and future frailty. Specifically, white matter hyperintensity volume was significantly associated with frailty. However, measures of white matter microstructure were not generally associated with progression from nonfrail to frail status.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
B. Gwen Windham, Michael E. Griswold, Radhikesh Ranadive, Kevin Sullivan, Thomas H. Mosley, Michelle M. Mielke, Clifford R. Jack, Dave Knopman, Ron Petersen, Prashanthi Vemuri
Summary: This study aimed to examine if the association between cerebral perfusion and gait speed is influenced by systolic blood pressure and age. The results showed that poorer cerebral perfusion is associated with slower gait speeds, particularly with older age, while higher perfusion can significantly attenuate age-related differences in gait speed.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Neha Atulkumar Singh, Nirubol Tosakulwong, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Mary M. Machulda, Nha Trang Thu Pham, Irene Sintini, Stephen D. Weigand, Christopher G. Schwarz, Matthew L. Senjem, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Nilufer Ertekin-Taner, Clifford R. Jack, Val J. Lowe, Keith A. Josephs, Jennifer L. Whitwell
Summary: APOE epsilon 4 is an important genetic risk factor for typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its influence in atypical presentations of AD is not well-known. This study found that APOE epsilon 4 carriers had smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes and greater tau deposition, while non-carriers showed faster rates of atrophy and tau accumulation in certain brain regions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Vassilaki, Jeremiah A. Aakre, Anna Castillo, Alanna M. Chamberlain, Patrick M. Wilson, Walter K. Kremers, Michelle M. Mielke, Yonas E. Geda, Mary M. Machulda, Rabe E. Alhurani, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Prashanthi Vemuri, Val J. Lowe, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen
Summary: The study found an association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia in older adults. Higher levels of neighborhood deprivation were associated with an increased risk of progression to dementia and slightly faster cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael W. Weiner, Danielle Harvey, Susan M. Landau, Dallas P. Veitch, Thomas C. Neylan, Jordan H. Grafman, Paul S. Aisen, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, Duygu Tosun, Leslie M. Shaw, John Q. Trojanowski, Andrew J. Saykin, Jacqueline Hayes, Charles De Carli
Summary: The study found no significant association between TBI and/or PTSD and biomarker-defined AD. Veterans with TBI and/or PTSD had poorer cognitive status, which may be attributed to other comorbid pathologies.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Emanuele Camerucci, Jonathan Graff-Radford, David T. Jones, Benjamin D. Elder, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, Hugo Botha, Matthew C. Murphy, Derek R. Johnson, Caroline Davidge-Pitts, Clifford R. Jack, John Huston, Petrice M. Cogswell
Summary: This study evaluated the change in size of focally enlarged sulci (FES) and pituitary height after shunt placement in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The results showed a significant decrease in FES volume and a significant increase in pituitary gland size after shunt placement.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tuan D. Le, Jennifer M. Gurney, Karan P. Singh, Shawn C. Nessen, Andrea L. C. Schneider, Yll Agimi, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Paco S. Herson, Katharine C. Stout, Sylvain Cardin, Alicia T. Crowder, Geoffrey S. F. Ling, Mark E. Stackle, Anthony E. Pusateri
Summary: This study aims to characterize the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in U.S. service members and investigate the potential impacts of changes in policy, care, equipment, and tactics. Analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Defense Trauma Registry showed that nearly one third of injured service members treated at Role 3 medical treatment facilities had TBI. The proportion of TBI increased over time, suggesting the need for additional preventive measures and clinical guidelines for mild TBI management.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea L. C. Schneider, Carrie B. Peltz, Yixia Li, Amber Bahorik, Raquel C. Gardner, Kristine Yaffe
Summary: This study found that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with long-term stroke risk, with differences observed in age, sex, race and ethnicity, and time since TBI diagnosis. The highest risk of stroke occurs in the first year after TBI diagnosis, but the risk remains elevated for more than 10 years. Both mild and moderate/severe/penetrating TBI increase the risk of stroke compared to individuals without TBI. Older individuals have a stronger association between TBI and stroke, while Black veterans have a weaker association compared to other races and ethnicities. These findings suggest that veterans with prior TBI should be targeted for primary stroke prevention measures.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sanaz Sedaghat, Yuekai Ji, Jean-Philippe Empana, Timothy M. Hughes, Thomas H. Mosley, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Michael Griswold, Clifford R. Jack, Pamela L. Lutsey, Thomas T. van Sloten
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular health in midlife and late-life as well as changes in cardiovascular health between these periods with the prevalence of cerebral vascular disease in late-life. The results showed that better cardiovascular health in midlife, improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife, higher cardiovascular health at late-life, and improvement of cardiovascular health from midlife to late-life were associated with a lower prevalence of cerebral vascular disease markers in late-life. Therefore, improving cardiovascular health in midlife and late-life may help prevent the development of cerebral vascular disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Linzi Li, Pamela L. Lutsey, Lin Yee Chen, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Mary R. Rooney, Alvaro Alonso
Summary: Higher serum magnesium is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, especially myocardial infarction, in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Neha Atulkumar Singh, Peter R. Martin, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Irene Sintini, Mary M. Machulda, Joseph R. Duffy, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Hugo Botha, David T. Jones, Val J. Lowe, Clifford R. JackJr, Keith A. Josephs, Jennifer L. Whitwell
Summary: Posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia are atypical clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease, both showing disruptions in functional networks. The language network is affected in logopenic progressive aphasia, while the visual network is affected in posterior cortical atrophy. However, there is limited knowledge about the differences in connectivity within and between brain networks in these atypical Alzheimer's disease phenotypes.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keenan A. Walker, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Aaron R. Folsom, Christie M. Ballantyne, David S. Knopman, B. Gwen Windham, Clifford R. Jack Jr, Rebecca F. Gottesman
Summary: In the article "Midlife Systemic Inflammatory Markers Are Associated With Late-Life Brain Volume: The ARIC Study" by Walker et al., coding errors were found to have affected the statistical analyses. The authors have corrected the errors and reanalyzed the data, stating that the errors did not change the overall message of the article. The identified errors include misclassification of a nominal covariate, use of incorrect alcohol use covariate, and an error in the scaling of beta coefficients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rioghna R. Pittock, Jeremiah A. Aakre, Anna M. Castillo, Vijay K. Ramanan, Walter K. Kremers, Clifford R. Jack Jr, Prashanthi Vemuri, Val J. Lowe, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Maria Vassilaki
Summary: Treatment options for Alzheimer's disease are limited, and research on the applicability of anti-beta-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in the general population is lacking. This study aims to assess the generalizability of anti-amyloid treatment and apply the eligibility criteria of two clinical trials to a population-based sample.
