Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Mcclish, S. M. Bushinsky
Summary: The Southern Ocean seasonal sea ice zone in spring is characterized by sea ice retreat and the development of phytoplankton blooms. Studies using biogeochemical profiling floats have found that higher net community production (bNCP) occurs when sea ice breakup happens early in the year, especially near topographic features that may increase micronutrient supply. This suggests that changes in Southern Ocean sea ice will influence future bNCP.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alex Crawford, Julienne Stroeve, Abigail Smith, Alexandra Jahn
Summary: The length of open-water period in the Arctic region is projected to increase significantly with global warming, which may have been underestimated in the latest climate model simulations.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul B. Conn, Vladimir I. Chernook, Erin E. Moreland, Irina S. Trukhanova, Eric V. Regehr, Alexander N. Vasiliev, Ryan R. Wilson, Stanislav E. Belikov, Peter L. Boveng
Summary: In 2016, a collaborative U.S.-Russian effort utilized aerial surveys to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of polar bears on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea. The study indicated high spring polar bear densities on sea ice in Russian waters south of Wrangell Island, suggesting a useful lower bound for abundance. Despite several assumptions in the estimates, future improvements in springtime aerial surveys could provide valuable insights into polar bear populations and their prey over large, remote areas.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wangwang Ye, Yuhong Li, Jianwen Wen, Jiexia Zhang, Natalia Shakhova, Jian Liu, Man Wu, Igor Semiletov, Liyang Zhan
Summary: Increasing temperatures in the Arctic Ocean are causing changes in methane cycles, with methane being stored and transported from the Chukchi Sea to the central Arctic. The concentration of methane is increasing in the Upper Halocline, and its distribution is expanding due to intensified Pacific water inflow. Methane is also found in the Polar Mixed Layer and below-ice seawater in the basins, suggesting the influence of sea ice cycles and sediment-origin methane. The Arctic Ocean currently has minor atmospheric methane emissions, but the increasing methane excess and decreasing sea ice cover may lead to future emissions.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Jinyoung Jung, Jong Kuk Moon, Eun Jin Yang, Sung-Ho Kang
Summary: The northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas (NCESS) in the Arctic Ocean are vulnerable to climate change, and the study investigates the impact of local physical forcing on phytoplankton biomass and communities in this area. The research shows that despite regional differences, the inter-annual variation in phytoplankton biomass and communities is similar across the entire NCESS, indicating the importance of environmental controllers.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Di Qi, Yingxu Wu, Liqi Chen, Wei-Jun Cai, Zhangxian Ouyang, Yixing Zhang, Leif G. Anderson, Richard A. Feely, Yanpei Zhuang, Hongmei Lin, Ruibo Lei, Haibo Bi
Summary: This study presents a 17-year observational data set in the Chukchi Sea, showing that pH and aragonite saturation state have declined at rates 2-3 times faster than those solely due to increasing atmospheric CO2. The rapid acidification can be attributed to increased dissolved inorganic carbon from ice melt-induced CO2 invasion and subsurface remineralization induced by nutrient-rich Pacific water inflow.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karley Campbell, Ilkka Matero, Christopher Bellas, Thomas Turpin-Jelfs, Philipp Anhaus, Martin Graeve, Francois Fripiat, Martyn Tranter, Jack Christopher Landy, Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo, Eva Leu, Christian Katlein, C. J. Mundy, Soren Rysgaard, Letizia Tedesco, Christian Haas, Marcel Nicolaus
Summary: Sea ice in the Arctic is declining, leading to younger and more dynamic ice that impacts microbial habitats and resource provision. Filling knowledge gaps surrounding sea ice habitats and their microbial communities is crucial in the face of climate change. Developing new methodologies to effectively study these ecosystems is essential for sustainable use and protection of Arctic marine and coastal ecosystems.
Article
Oceanography
Eiji Watanabe, Jonaotaro Onodera, Motoyo Itoh, Kohei Mizobata
Summary: The study investigated the processes of seafloor sediment transport from the Chukchi shelf to the western Arctic basin. It found that the Barrow Canyon throughflow, Chukchi Slope Current, and mesoscale eddies played important roles in the redistribution of lithogenic material. The study also revealed that the lateral transport of sediment from the Chukchi shelf bottom significantly influenced the sinking flux of particulate organic carbon in the western Arctic basin, indicating the strong influence of shelf-basin exchange on the marine biogeochemical cycle.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jung Hyun Park, Seong-Joong Kim, Hyung-Gyu Lim, Jong-Seong Kug, Eun Jin Yang, Baek-Min Kim
Summary: In recent decades, the accelerating rate of Arctic warming has increased river discharge into the Arctic Ocean, affecting phytoplankton response. In present-day climate simulations, additional river discharge reduces spring phytoplankton biomass due to increased sea ice concentration. However, in summer, phytoplankton increases due to surplus nitrate and increased vertical mixing caused by reduced summer sea ice melting water. Future climate simulations show similar effects, with major phytoplankton responses shifting from the Eurasian Basin to the Canada Basin and the East-Siberian Sea.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanpei Zhuang, Yangjie Li, Ling Chen, Haiyan Jin, Di Qi, Jianfang Chen
Summary: The spatial variability of ammonium concentrations along repeat transects on the Chukchi shelf from 2012 to 2018 was studied. Two distinct near-bottom high ammonium pools (>1 μmol/kg) were identified at 67.5 degrees N and 72.5 degrees N in all years. The accumulation of ammonium in these regions is primarily influenced by a combination of biogeochemical processes (such as dynamic bacterial remineralization of organic matter) and physical controls (such as a strong density-contrast barrier limiting upward mixing of ammonium). The expansion of the ammonium pool on the shelf may have potential impacts on the structure and productivity of the ecosystem on the Chukchi shelf.
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Marta Royo-Llonch, Pablo Sanchez, Clara Ruiz-Gonzalez, Guillem Salazar, Carlos Pedros-Alio, Marta Sebastian, Karine Labadie, Lucas Paoli, Federico M. Ibarbalz, Lucie Zinger, Benjamin Churcheward, Samuel Chaffron, Damien Eveillard, Eric Karsenti, Shinichi Sunagawa, Patrick Wincker, Lee Karp-Boss, Chris Bowler, Silvia G. Acinas
Summary: Using genome-resolved metagenomics, this study identified uncultured Arctic bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and analyzed their gene expression patterns, habitat preferences, and metabolic potential. The results suggest that marine microorganisms in the Arctic Ocean play a crucial role in climate regulation, and the adaptation of Arctic MAGs to a copiotrophic lifestyle in nutrient-rich waters may influence the ecosystem. The Arctic MAGs catalogue provides insights into polar microorganisms driving global biogeochemical cycles.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Jihee Kim, Jong-Kuk Moon, Eun Jin Yang, Eunsuk Kim, Seunghee Han
Summary: This study identified seawater as the major source of total mercury (THg) in sea ice and in situ methylation as the potential source of methylmercury (MeHg). The melt flux of MeHg in the Arctic Ocean was found to be insignificant compared to other external sources. However, the ongoing decline of sea ice extent is likely to enhance MeHg production in late spring and summer.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yingjie Wang, Na Liu, Zhanhai Zhang
Summary: In recent decades, the Arctic sea ice cover has been decreasing, with 2017 winter showing negative sea ice concentration anomalies in the Chukchi Sea and adjacent seas. Changes in Pacific water properties through the Bering Strait have played a significant role in the 2017 Arctic sea ice retreat.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Amelie Meyer, Allison Bailey, Maja Hatlebakk, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Peter Leopold, Piotr Kuklinski, Janne E. Soreide
Summary: The impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on zooplankton community structure and seasonal behavior is not yet understood. Zooplankton in the Arctic region is more dependent on surrounding water mass characteristics, such as salinity and depth, rather than geographical location. Seasonal changes in the community are closely linked to algal food availability and seasonal changes from winter to spring.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shao-Min Chen, Peta Mudie, Owen A. Sherwood
Summary: The decline in Arctic sea ice has resulted in a loss of habitat for sea ice algae. Compound-specific isotope analysis can be used to trace the origins of elements in marine food webs and identify differences in amino acid patterns between sea ice and pelagic algae. These differences can help estimate the contributions of sea ice and pelagic algae to export production.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Casey M. S. Schine, Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp, Gert van Dijken, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Sara Sergi, Patrick Laan, Hans van Haren, Willem H. van de Poll, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: The primary production in the Southern Ocean is limited by iron availability, with hydrothermal vents identified as a potential source of iron. A significant phytoplankton bloom occurred in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in January 2014, likely fueled by iron of hydrothermal origin.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Robert S. Pickart, Michael A. Spall, Peigen Lin, Frank Bahr, Leah T. McRaven, Kevin R. Arrigo, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Summary: Through shipboard data and dynamical equations, a benthic hotspot with exceptionally high macrofaunal biomass in Barrow Canyon is explained, which is associated with strong northward flow and sharp density front in the canyon.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Hannah L. Joy-Warren, Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp, Gert L. van Dijken, Loay Jabre, Erin M. Bertrand, Evan N. Baldonado, Molly W. Glickman, Kate M. Lewis, Rob Middag, Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Kate E. Lowry, Willem van de Poll, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: Light and iron availability are interconnected in controlling Southern Ocean primary production. Changes in light and iron can affect phytoplankton species composition and nutrient cycling. Light limits growth while iron does not, despite overall low iron concentrations.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Claudine H. Stirling, Malcolm R. Reid, Robert van Hale, Patrick Laan, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert van Dijken, Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp, Rob Middag
Summary: This study investigates the distribution of iron (Fe) in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during early sea-ice retreat, finding increased Fe inputs from ice melt and sediments contributing to higher Fe concentrations in shelf waters. The research suggests that Fe from melting sea ice and shallow sedimentary sources can enhance phytoplankton productivity in WAP waters, especially in off-shelf regions with improved light conditions.
Review
Oceanography
Padmini Dalpadado, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert L. van Dijken, Sudheera S. Gunasekara, Marek Ostrowski, Gabriella Bianchi, Erik Sperfeld
Summary: The Indian Ocean has experienced significant changes in sea temperature and warm pool area over the past 20 years, with a noticeable increase in the south-central basin. Sea surface temperature has generally risen while productivity has decreased in the northern and central regions, with an exception of increased productivity in the south-central basin. These trends over the last decade highlight a general increase in ocean temperature and decrease in productivity in the Indian Ocean, along with significant changes in warm pool area.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Ouyang Zhangxian, Andrew Collins, Yun Li, Di Qi, Kevin R. Arrigo, Yanpei Zhuang, Shigeto Nishino, Matthew P. Humphreys, Naohiro Kosugi, Akihiko Murata, David L. Kirchman, Liqi Chen, Jianfang Chen, Wei-Jun Cai
Summary: The Chukchi Sea is becoming a larger sink for CO2 due to rapid climate changes. Understanding the seasonal variations in air-sea CO2 exchange and the biogeochemical dynamics is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change on the ocean and the feedbacks. The study finds that thermal and non-thermal effects have different impacts on sea surface CO2 levels and air-sea CO2 flux in different water masses. The findings also highlight the importance of phytoplankton stoichiometry in CO2 uptake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Claudette Proctor, Pierre Coupel, Karen Casciotti, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Emily Zakem, Kevin R. Arrigo, Matthew M. Mills
Summary: This study found that light and sea ice concentration are important controls on nitrification in the Chukchi Sea, while high ammonium concentrations enhance nitrification. Unlike previous studies, nitrification rates were found to be higher under low pH conditions. These findings will guide future research on the implications of climate change on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the Chukchi Sea.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Michael S. Dinniman, Pierre St-Laurent, Kevin R. Arrigo, Eileen E. Hofmann, Gert L. van Dijken
Summary: The upward advection or mixing of iron-rich deep waters driven by the rate of basal ice shelf melt is a primary control on chlorophyll a production in coastal polynyas over the Antarctic continental shelf. This study examined the effects of projected atmospheric changes in 2100 on this relationship using a 5-km resolution ocean/sea ice/ice shelf model. The modified atmospheric conditions resulted in increased heat advection onto the continental shelf, increased basal ice shelf melt, and increased dissolved iron supply to the surface waters.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sian F. Henley, Stefano Cozzi, Francois Fripiat, Delphine Lannuzel, Daiki Nomura, David N. Thomas, Klaus M. Meinersg, Martin Vancoppenollej, Kevin Arrigo, Jacqueline Stefels, Maria van Leeuwe, Sebastien Moreau, Elizabeth M. Jones, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Bruno Delilleo
Summary: This study presents a new compilation of macronutrient concentration data in Antarctic land-fast sea ice, covering the full seasonal cycle. The research reveals a strong seasonal cycle of nutrient concentrations, with high levels in autumn and winter and utilization by ice algal communities in spring and summer. It also suggests a degree of nutrient limitation in ice algal primary production, with silicon limitation being the most prevalent. Various factors, such as brine convection and under-ice tidal currents, influence nutrient supply to fast ice.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah L. Joy-Warren, Kate M. Lewis, Mathieu Ardyna, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Marcel Babin, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: As sea ice continues to decline rapidly in the Arctic, the adaptation of phytoplankton to different light conditions was investigated in this study. Three different light regimes – under the ice, in the marginal ice zone, and in open water – were examined during the Green Edge cruise in Baffin Bay in spring-summer 2016. The experiments conducted demonstrated that phytoplankton are well-prepared for a transition to high light conditions, even when originating from low light environments under sea ice.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie M. Lim, Courtney M. Payne, Gert L. van Dijken, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: Sea ice algae in the Arctic Ocean play a crucial role in primary production. Climate change-induced sea ice loss poses a threat to their persistence, but the replacement of multiyear ice with first-year ice might partially offset this threat and support ice algal growth.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathieu Ardyna, Douglas S. Hamilton, Tristan Harmel, Leo Lacour, Diana N. Bernstein, Julien Laliberte, Christopher Horvat, Remi Laxenaire, Matthew M. Mills, Gert van Dijken, Igor Polyakov, Herve Claustre, Natalie Mahowald, Kevin Robert Arrigo
Summary: The deposition of Siberian wildfire aerosols, containing nitrogen, enhanced phytoplankton growth in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean in summer 2014. This finding, supported by satellite-based ocean color data and atmospheric transport modeling, suggests that long range transport and deposition of wildfire aerosols can affect biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Matthew M. Mills, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert van Dijken, Britt A. Henke, Brittany Stewart, Samuel T. Wilson, Jonathan P. Zehr
Summary: The UCYN-A symbiosis plays a significant role in nearshore N-2 fixation, with higher nitrogen fixation rates compared to other symbioses.
ISME COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Indah Ardiningsih, Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Sylvia G. Sander, Claudine H. Stirling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Kevin R. Arrigo, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Rob Middag
Summary: Organic ligands play a crucial role in determining the availability of dissolved iron in the Southern Ocean. The study found that organic ligands in the region are sourced from ice-algal exudates, melting sea ice, resuspended sediment, and phytoplankton blooms. Overall, organic ligand concentrations are always higher than dissolved iron concentrations, with excess ligand concentrations being able to stabilize additional iron inputs in dissolved form.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aaron L. Strong, Matthew M. Mills, Ivy B. Huang, Gert L. van Dijken, Sara E. Driscoll, G. Mine Berg, Raphael M. Kudela, Stephen G. Monismith, Christopher A. Francis, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: Research shows that high NH4+ loading is not the driver of lower productivity in the San Francisco Bay Delta. Although phytoplankton preferred NH4+ to NO3- in the experiment, the form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen had no effect on growth rates or species composition. Light levels had the greatest impact on chlorophyll a accumulation and phytoplankton growth rates.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)