POC export from ocean surface waters by means of 234Th/238U and 210Po/210Pb disequilibria: A review of the use of two radiotracer pairs

Th-234 (T-1/2 = 24.1 d) and Po-210 (T-1/2 = 138.4 d) are particle reactive radioisotopes that are used as tracers for particle cycling in the upper ocean. Particulate organic carbon (POC) export has frequently been estimated using Th-234/U-238 disequilibrium. Recent evidence suggests that Po-210/Pb-210 disequilibrium may be used as an additional tool to examine particle export, given the direct biological uptake of Po-210 into cellular material. Differences in these two radioisotope pairs with regard to their half-lives, particle reactivity and scavenging affinity in seawater should provide complementary information to be obtained on the processes occurring in the water column. Here, we review eight different studies that have simultaneously used both approaches to estimate POC export fluxes from the surface ocean. Our aim is to provide a complete dataset of all the existing POC flux data derived from the coupled use of both Th-234 and Po-210 and to evaluate the advantages and limitations of each tracer pair. Our analysis suggests that the simultaneous use of both radiotracers provides more useful comparative data than can be derived from the use of a single tracer alone. The difference in half-lives of Th-234 and Po-210 enables the study of export production rates over different time scales. In addition, their different biogeochemical behaviour and preferred affinity for specific types of particles leads to the conclusion that Th-234 is a better tracer of total mass flux, whereas Po-210 tracks POC export more specifically. The synthesis presented here is also intended to provide a basis for planning future sampling strategies and promoting further work in this field to help reveal the more specific application of each tracer under specific water column biogeochemistries. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.