Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. A. Reid, R. A. Massom
Summary: Loss of protective sea-ice buffer in Antarctica has led to increased exposure of the coastal environment to open ocean and waves, which has significant effects on ice-shelf stability, coastal erosion, ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions, and shallow benthic ecosystems. Researchers have introduced a climate and environmental metric called Coastal Exposure Length, which measures the daily changes and variability in the length and occurrence of unprotected coastline in Antarctica. The study found that around 50% of Antarctica's 17,850-km coastline had no sea ice offshore each summer, with variations in exposure levels across regions and seasons. From 1979 to 2020, the annual maximum length of coastal exposure decreased by approximately 30 km per year.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weibo Wang, Jie Su, Chunsheng Jing, Xiaogang Guo
Summary: Recent observations show that the Bering Sea has experienced a significant positive trend in sea ice area increment in January, in contrast to the negative trend from 1979 to 2020, and this trend is unrelated to local wind anomalies. Two distinct empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of sea ice concentration increments help explain the variability in January sea ice area. One mode (EOF1) is associated with a reduction in sea ice concentration in the south of St. Lawrence Island, while the other mode (EOF2) is characterized by an increase in sea ice concentration surrounding St. Lawrence Island. These variations are influenced by physical processes such as poleward heat transport and atmospheric forcing, and can be used to predict the maximum sea ice area in the Bering Sea.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Irene D. Alabia, Jorge Garcia Molinos, Takafumi Hirata, Franz J. Mueter, Toru Hirawake, Sei-Ichi Saitoh
Summary: This study examined the diversity patterns and geographically distinct refugia zones in the subarctic shelf of the Eastern Bering Sea, highlighting the significant impact of winter sea ice concentration on marine biodiversity distributions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Gemery, Thomas M. Cronin, Lee W. Cooper, Harry J. Dowsett, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Summary: The study focused on the ecological and distributional aspects of benthic ostracodes in the Pacific-Arctic region, identifying six species with diagnostic habitat ranges. Statistical analyses revealed that ostracode assemblages were influenced by summer water masses and complex water mass characteristics across different spatial scales. Dominant species remained fairly constant over recent decades, but there were slight increases in abundance of certain species, indicating a potential response to changing water mass properties in recent years. This ecological data suggests hypotheses for future benthic monitoring efforts.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kazuya Kusahara
Summary: Recent observations have shown changes in the Antarctic sea ice and ice shelf over the years. Analysis from an ocean-sea ice-ice shelf model reveals a clear anti-correlation between Antarctic sea ice extent and ice shelf basal melting, indicating that the summer sea ice extent can act as a proxy for predicting Antarctic coastal water masses and ice shelf melting.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Marine
Igor M. M. Belkin, Jeffrey W. W. Short
Summary: This article reviews the physical and biological manifestations of a large-scale water temperature anomaly called "The Blob" that emerged in the Northeast Pacific in late 2013. The Blob persisted through 2014-2016 and showed signs of reemergence in 2019. Advection by currents played a role in its movement across the Northeast Pacific. The Blob had significant impacts on the ecosystem of the Bering Sea, affecting primary production, zooplankton, invertebrates, fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals. Recovery of the Bering Sea ecosystem is uncertain, with possibilities of irreversible changes or hysteresis recovery.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jian Zhao, Yan Wang, Wenjing Liu, Hongsheng Bi, Edward D. Cokelet, Calvin W. Mordy, Noah Lawrence-Slavas, Christian Meinig
Summary: The salinity variability in the Bering Sea is crucial for understanding oceanic processes such as sea ice melting, wind-driven currents, and river plumes. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite shows promising abilities in capturing the freshening signals during spring sea ice melting. The Yukon River plume plays a significant role in the salinity variability, and surface wind forcing is essential in shaping the seasonal cycle.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. H. Orsi, C. J. Webb
Summary: Sea ice production is crucial for ocean circulation, especially in the Antarctic polynyas. However, the formation of denser Shelf Water is absent near the Sabrina Coast. By analyzing data from 2003 to 2015, it is found that sea ice production is highly correlated with the divergent motion of internal sea ice. Additionally, a significant amount of meltwater input is required to match the salinity of a measured subsurface Thermostad.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiexia Zhang, Liyang Zhan, Liqi Chen, Haiyan Jin, Man Wu, Wangwang Ye, Jian Liu
Summary: Rapid warming and loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean could play an important role in the dissolution and emission of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The northeastern Bering Sea shelf (NEBS) is found to be an important potential source of atmospheric N2O.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jed E. Lenetsky, Mark C. Serreze
Summary: Utilizing statistically modeled ocean heat transports through the Bering Strait and other predictors, skillful predictions of sea ice retreat and advance dates in the Chukchi Sea have been successfully created. The models can explain a significant amount of variance in sea ice dates at one-month leads, but their accuracy decreases at longer leads, indicating some predictive value but with limitations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lianne C. Harrison, Paul R. Holland, Karen J. Heywood, Keith W. Nicholls, Alex M. Brisbourne
Summary: This study uses an ocean model to investigate the relationship between surface lowering on the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica and changes in ocean forcing. The results suggest that ocean warming leads to a reduction in stabilizing marine ice beneath the ice shelf, implying a high sensitivity of the ice shelf's stability to changes in ocean forcing. This finding could have wide implications for other cold-water ice shelves around Antarctica.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
K. S. Carvalho, T. E. Smith, S. Wang
Summary: The Bering Sea's MHW frequency and duration have been increasing, showing no significant connection with Chukchi Sea ice concentration and Arctic Oscillation, but a positive correlation with Chukchi Sea temperature and Alaskan air temperature. The past decade saw the highest values for MHW frequency and duration.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ruth Moorman, Andrew F. Thompson, Earle A. Wilson
Summary: The melt rates of West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea are influenced by decadal variations in the volume of warm water at their outlets, which are generally attributed to wind-driven variations in warm water transport. However, this study introduces a simple model that suggests interannual variations in coastal polynya buoyancy forcing can also generate large decadal-scale variations in thermocline depth, even with a fixed supply of warm water from the shelf-break. This model demonstrates feedbacks between basal melt rates and ice front stratification strength, capturing observed variations in near-coast thermocline depth and stratification strength, and proposing an alternative mechanism for warm water volume changes compared to wind-driven theories.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Daniel N. Goldberg, Andrew G. Twelves, Paul R. Holland, Martin G. Wearing
Summary: Little is known about Antarctic subglacial hydrology, but it is believed that subglacial runoff enhances submarine melt locally through buoyancy effects. This study examines the effects of runoff on sea ice and oceanography on the Continental Shelf, and finds that runoff enhances localized melt and reduces summer sea ice volume. Runoff-driven melt and circulation may be an important missing process in regional Antarctic ocean models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
P. Wongpan, M. Vancoppenolle, P. J. Langhorne, I. J. Smith, G. Madec, A. J. Gough, A. R. Mahoney, T. G. Haskell
Summary: This study describes the halo-thermodynamic mechanisms driving the development and stability of the sub-ice platelet layer (SIPL) near Antarctic ice shelves. Through sea ice model simulations, the researchers were able to predict a realistic model analogue for the SIPL by imposing a large initial brine fraction on newly forming ice and utilizing brine rejection via advective desalination. The favorable conditions for SIPL formation include cold air, supercooled waters, and thick enough ice and snow to provide sufficient thermal insulation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Anthony R. DeGange, G. Vernon Byrd, Lawrence R. Walker, C. F. Waythomas
ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
(2010)
Article
Oceanography
G. Vernon Byrd, William J. Sydeman, Heather M. Renner, Shoshiro Minobe
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2008)
Article
Oceanography
E. H. Sinclair, L. S. Vlietstra, D. S. Johnson, T. K. Zeppelin, G. V. Byrd, A. M. Springer, R. R. Ream, G. L. Hunt
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2008)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David B. Irons, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Anthony J. Gaston, G. Vernon Byrd, Knud Falk, Grant Gilchrist, Martti Hario, Mans Hjernquist, Yuri V. Krasnov, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Aevar Petersen, James B. Reid, Gregory J. Robertson, Hallvard Strom, Kenton D. Wohl
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Ecology
Leslie Slater, G. Vernon Byrd
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2009)
Article
Ornithology
Sadie K. Wright, G. Vernon Byrd, Heather M. Renner, Arthur L. Sowls
JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Environmental Sciences
George Vernon Byrd, Bibhuti Ranjan Jha
Summary: Aquaponics has the potential to address food security concerns in urban Nepal, but the high cost of commercial fish food poses a challenge. This study shows that using commercial chicken food or a homemade diet can be a cost-effective alternative, without significant differences in lettuce growth and minimal variations in nutrient concentrations. Aquaponics operators can potentially save a significant amount of money by using alternative fish diets, encouraging the expansion of aquaponics systems in Nepal.
Article
Fisheries
GV Byrd, HM Renner, M Renner
FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
(2005)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
DA Croll, JL Maron, JA Estes, EM Danner, GV Byrd
Article
Ornithology
FM Hunter, IL Jones, JC Williams, GV Byrd
Article
Oceanography
John F. Piatt, Jennifer Wetzel, Kevin Bell, Anthony R. DeGange, Gregory R. Balogh, Gary S. Drew, Tracee Geernaert, Carol Ladd, G. Vernon Byrd
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2006)
Article
Oceanography
Jason A. Law, Robert H. Weisberg, Yonggang Liu, Dennis A. Mayer, Jeffrey C. Donovan
Summary: Time series data from a moored array of sensors are used to describe the long-term mean circulation and seasonal variations on the West Florida Continental Shelf. The observations reveal a coherent shelf-wide circulation pattern with alongshore and down-coast flow, and a coastal jet separating an upwelling region from a downwelling region influenced by the deeper ocean.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2024)