Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shantong Sun, Andrew F. Thompson, Shang-Ping Xie, Shang-Min Long
Summary: The reorganization of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) leads to interbasin heat transport, which redistributes heat between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific basins. This transient response plays a key role in the global ocean heat budget, especially in a changing climate.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Chi Lee, Wei Liu
Summary: This study investigates the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the recent decline of Arctic sea ice. The results show that a weakened AMOC can slow down the decline rates of Arctic sea ice area and volume by 36% and 22% between 1980 and 2020. This is due to the reduction of northward Atlantic heat transport, leading to interior ocean cooling in the Arctic Mediterranean and alleviating sea ice loss through thermodynamic processes at the base of the sea ice.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengfei He, Amy C. Clement, Sydney M. Kramer, Mark A. Cane, Jeremy M. Klavans, Tyler M. Fenske, Lisa N. Murphy
Summary: The multidecadal variability in the tropical Atlantic climate is influenced by the cross-equatorial gradient in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), which is largely driven by radiative perturbations associated with anthropogenic emissions and volcanic aerosols. This relationship is obscured in models due to overestimations of warming trends in the Northern Hemisphere. However, when these overestimations are removed, correlations between SSTs and Atlantic hurricane formation and Sahel rainfall emerge, especially since 1950 when anthropogenic aerosol forcing has been high.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiechun Deng, Aiguo Dai
Summary: The study shows that sea ice-air interactions are crucial for multidecadal climate variability in both the Arctic and North Atlantic. By amplifying multidecadal variations in sea-ice cover, sea surface temperatures, and surface air temperature, sea ice-air interactions mainly affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation through changes in surface fluxes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anastasia Romanou, David Rind, Jeff Jonas, Ron Miller, Maxwell Kelley, Gary Russell, Clara Orbe, Larissa Nazarenko, Rebecca Latto, Gavin a. Schmidt
Summary: A 10-member ensemble simulation with the NASA GISS-E2-1-G climate model shows a clear bifurcation in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength under the SSP2-4.5 extended scenario. This response is a manifestation of noise-induced bifurcation, enhanced by feedbacks, revealing the role stochastic variability may play in AMOC stability. Rating: 7/10.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leon Chafik, N. Penny Holliday, Sheldon Bacon, Jonathan A. Baker, Damien Desbruyeres, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Laura C. Jackson
Summary: The overturning circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is crucial for Earth's climate variability and change. Based on observations, the recent warming in the eastern SPNA since 2016 is primarily caused by increased western boundary density at the intergyre boundary, which is likely a response to the strong increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation since the early 2010s. These positive density anomalies spread southward along the western boundary, enhancing the North Atlantic Current and meridional heat transport, leading to an increased influx of subtropical heat into the eastern SPNA.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Clara Orbe, David Rind, Ron l. Miller, Larissa S. Nazarenko, Anastasia Romanou, Jeffrey Jonas, Gary l. Russell, Maxwell Kelley, Gavin A. Schmidt
Summary: Climate models project a future weakening of the AMOC, but the impacts of this on climate are uncertain. By using a unique ensemble of CMIP6 GISS ModelE (E2.1) SSP 2-4.5 integrations, we isolate the climate impacts of a weakened AMOC and find that it results in a northward shift and strengthening of the NH Hadley cell and intensification of the northern midlatitude eddy-driven jet.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Caesar, G. D. McCarthy, D. J. R. Thornalley, N. Cahill, S. Rahmstorf
Summary: Research shows that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation has undergone different stages of evolution, gradually weakening from a relatively stable period to the weakest state in recent decades.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyo-Jeong Kim, Soon-Il An, Soong-Ki Kim, Jae-Heung Park
Summary: This study aims to improve the understanding of transient thermohaline circulation responses under rapidly varying forcing and their dependence on forcing time scales. The results suggest that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapse and recovery occur at higher and lower freshwater forcing values, respectively, when the forcing time scale is shorter.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rui Jiang, Haijun Yang
Summary: The study found that the Rocky Mountains have a significant impact on atmospheric moisture transport between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but play a trivial role in Northern Hemisphere deep-water formation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maria J. Molina, Aixue Hu, Gerald A. Meehl
Summary: Consequences of an AMOC slowdown or collapse could include changes to ENSO and the development of PMOC. However, our understanding of the influence of AMOC and PMOC on ENSO and global SSTs is limited. This study found that an AMOC shutdown leads to a decrease in tropical Pacific SSTs and an increase in ENSO amplitude, while active deep overturning circulations in both the Atlantic and Pacific basins reduce ENSO amplitude globally. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes differ depending on PMOC state.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. C. H. Chiang, W. Cheng, W. M. Kim, S. Kim
Summary: The relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability and high-latitude North Atlantic buoyancy changes is influenced by both driving and responding roles of temperature and salinity. Analysis of control simulations reveals that North Atlantic buoyancy-forced AMOC variability is present in both oscillatory and red-noise regimes, with the latter showing weaker buoyancy-driven AMOC changes and additional multidecadal/centennial AMOC behavior unrelated to North Atlantic buoyancy forcing.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hui Li, Alexey Fedorov
Summary: As Arctic sea ice declines and the seasonal cycle strengthens, global ocean salinity also responds. The reduction of Arctic sea ice induced by a radiative heat imbalance leads to rapid retreat and gradual freshening of the Arctic ocean. This freshening, lasting about a century, is most pronounced in the central Arctic region.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anne-Sophie Fortin, Carolina O. Dufour, Timothy M. Merlis, Rym Msadek
Summary: This study investigates the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and identifies the drivers of this response. The research finds that different representations of oceanic processes lead to significant differences in the AMOC response across climate models. The AMOC shows a reduction of similar magnitude in low and high resolutions, while a muted response is found in medium resolution. Changes in the geostrophic and eddy streamfunctions contribute differently to the AMOC decline and there is a weak connection between the deep water formation regions and the Deep Western Boundary Current in the medium resolution.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Alannah Neff, Andrew Keane, Henk A. Dijkstra, Bernd Krauskopf
Summary: This study uses a simple ocean box model to investigate the tipping characteristics of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and finds that transitions to "partial shutdown" states are possible under different freshwater and thermal forcing conditions.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lara F. Perez, Laura De Santis, Robert M. McKay, Robert D. Larter, Jeanine Ash, Phil J. Bart, Gualtiero Bohm, Giuseppe Brancatelli, Imogen Browne, Florence Colleoni, Justin P. Dodd, Riccardo Geletti, David M. Harwood, Gerhard Kuhn, Jan Sverre Laberg, R. Mark Leckie, Richard H. Levy, James Marschalek, Zenon Mateo, Timothy R. Naish, Francesca Sangiorgi, Amelia E. Shevenell, Christopher C. Sorlien, Tina van de Flierdt
Summary: The study reveals the oscillations in ice sheet extent during the early and middle Miocene in Antarctica's Ross Sea. The sedimentary record provides evidence of erosion during ice sheet advances and open marine deposition during ice sheet retreat. Using data from seismic reflection surveys and drill sites, the study reconstructs the evolution and variability of ice sheets in the region. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the depositional architecture of the continental shelf in order to accurately interpret the history of ice sheet dynamics.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, Tina van de Flierdt, Luis Valero, Jose-Abel Flores, David M. Harwood, Frida S. Hoem, Peter Bijl, Johan Etourneau, Katharina Kreissig, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Liam Holder, Adrian Lopez-Quiros, Ariadna Salabarnada
Summary: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is crucial for global heat, carbon and nutrient transport. Neodymium isotope records reveal changes in deep water masses across the Tasmanian Gateway, indicating the presence of different deep water masses during the early Oligocene and early Miocene periods. The study suggests that the ACC in the past may have been less deep and not as strong as it is today, with distinct neodymium isotope compositions of deep waters across the Tasmanian Gateway.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Mark Dickey-Collas, Jason S. Link, Paul Snelgrove, J. Murray Roberts, M. Robin Anderson, Ellen Kenchington, Alida Bundy, Margaret M. (Peg) Brady, Rebecca L. Shuford, Howard Townsend, Anna Rindorf, Murray A. Rudd, David Johnson, Ellen Johannesen
Summary: The United States, the EU, and Canada formed a working group to study the effects of the ecosystem approach to ocean health and stressors in the Atlantic Ocean. The group found that ecosystem-based management can bring new benefits and opportunities, and emphasized the need to integrate human dimensions and engage stakeholders for sustainable development.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Johanne Vad, Laura Duran Suja, Stephen Summers, Theodore B. B. Henry, J. Murray Roberts
Summary: This study examines the impact of oil and dispersant on sponge holobionts and finds that the host sponge exhibits detoxification and immune responses, while the bacterial symbionts adapt to the changing environment by altering metabolic pathways. Additionally, evidence of hydrocarbon degradation by sponge symbionts is found, but even low concentrations of hydrocarbons can lead to sponge mortality.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geology
Thomas Vandorpe, Stanislas Delivet, Dominique Blamart, Claudia Wienberg, Frank Bassinot, Furu Mienis, Jan-Berend W. Stuut, David Van Rooij
Summary: This study combines various measurements to decipher past oceanographic conditions based on a piston core recovered from the Pen Duick drift. The data suggests that the Azores Front and Antarctic Intermediate Water play significant roles in the palaeoclimatology of the region. The study also reveals that drift formation is influenced not only by bottom currents and internal tides, but also by sediment supply. Additionally, periods characterized by increased aeolian dust supply and higher bottom currents coincide with prolific cold-water coral growth and mound formation.
DEPOSITIONAL RECORD
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Kelsey Archer Barnhill, J. Murray Roberts, Isla Myers-Smith, Mathew Williams, Kyle G. Dexter, Casey Ryan, Uwe Wolfram, Sebastian J. Hennige
Summary: The importance of dead matter in climate change and its role in ecosystem form and function has been overlooked. It is crucial to explicitly include its persistence or degradation in models considering ecosystem futures in a rapidly changing world.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matthias Cazorla Correa, Sebastian Teichert, Federica Ragazzola, Salvador Cazorla Vazquez, Felix B. Engel, Katrin Hurle, Claudio Mazzoli, Piotr Kuklinski, Giancarlo Raiteri, Chiara Lombardi
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of CCA (Crustose Coralline Algae) in Terra Nova, Ross Sea, Antarctica. The red alga Tethysphytum antarticum is examined for its skeletal architecture, mineralogical and geochemical composition, and taxonomic classification. Molecular genetics analysis confirms that T. antarcticum is a perfect match. The study also provides new diagnostic details for the reproductive organs of the alga and reveals a high-Mg calcite composition in the skeletal parts.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arianna Olivelli, Katy Murphy, Luke Bridgestock, David J. Wilson, Micha Rijkenberg, Rob Middag, Dominik J. Weiss, Tina van de Flierdt, Mark Rehkamper
Summary: Anthropogenic emissions have had a significant impact on the marine biogeochemical cycle of lead (Pb). New data from surface seawater in the western South Atlantic in 2011 reveal that the equatorial zone is dominated by previously deposited Pb, while the subtropical zone reflects anthropogenic Pb emissions from South America and the subantarctic zone presents a mixture of South American anthropogenic Pb and natural Pb from Patagonian dust. The average Pb concentration has decreased by 34% since the 1990s, primarily driven by changes in the subtropical zone and an increase in the fraction of natural Pb.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mutsumi Iizuka, Osamu Seki, David J. Wilson, Yusuke Suganuma, Keiji Horikawa, Tina van de Flierdt, Minoru Ikehara, Takuya Itaki, Tomohisa Irino, Masanobu Yamamoto, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Saiko Sugisaki
Summary: Sedimentary records from offshore of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet provide evidence for two ice loss events during the Last Interglacial period, leading to elevated sea levels similar to the present day. Understanding Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics during this period can provide valuable insights for predicting future sea-level change. A high-resolution record from the Wilkes Subglacial Basin reveals fluctuations of the ice sheet, with thinning, melting, and potentially retreat during both early and late stages of the Last Interglacial.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chiara Lombardi, Piotr Kuklinski, Edoardo Spirandelli, Giorgio Bruzzone, Giancarlo Raiteri, Andrea Bordone, Claudio Mazzoli, Matthias Lopez Correa, Robert van Geldern, Laurent Plasseraud, Jerome Thomas, Frederic Marin
Summary: Some Antarctic bryozoans can create calcitic bioconstructions that promote habitat complexity, but the processes leading to biomineral formation are largely unknown. This study investigated three Antarctic bryozoans, analyzing their morphological and skeletal features, as well as the organic matrix associated with the skeleton. The results showed variations in growth check lines, zooid length, and basal zooidal walls among the species. Preliminary characterizations of the organic matrix revealed the presence of proteins, polysaccharides, and chitin-related saccharides, providing valuable insights into biomineral formation in bryozoans.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia Tindall, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Poppelmeier, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Paul J. Valdes
Summary: This study introduces neodymium isotopes into the FAMOUS model and reveals the mechanisms behind the neodymium isotope differences between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as well as the importance of deep ocean neodymium sources. The results show that reversible scavenging is a key process for enhancing the neodymium isotope gradient between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This new neodymium isotope scheme serves as an excellent tool for exploring the global marine neodymium cycling and the interplay between climatic and oceanographic conditions in both modern and paleoceanographic contexts.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. Murray Roberts, Colin W. Devey, Arne Biastoch, Marina Carreiro-Silva, Tina Dohna, Boris Dorschel, Vikki Gunn, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, David Johnson, Didier Jollivet, Ellen Kenchington, Kate Larkin, Marjolaine Matabos, Telmo Morato, Malik S. Naumann, Covadonga Orejas, J. Angel A. Perez, Stefan A. Ragnarsson, Albertus J. Smit, Andrew Sweetman, Sebastian Unger, Benjamin Boteler, Lea-Anne Henry
Summary: Ocean ecosystems are facing climate and biodiversity crises, and there is a lack of unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint emphasizes research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships, and highlights priorities including integrating observation, modeling, and genomic approaches, improving ecosystem mapping, identifying potential tipping points, understanding compound impacts of multiple stressors, and enhancing spatial and temporal management and protection. International cooperation and funding are crucial to support science-led policies that conserve ocean ecosystems and transcend jurisdictional borders.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Olga Sanchez-Guillamon, Jose L. Rueda, Claudia Wienberg, Gemma Ercilla, Juan Tomas Vazquez, Maria Gomez-Ballesteros, Javier Urra, Elena Moya-Urbano, Ferran Estrada, Dierk Hebbeln
Summary: “The study found that these carbonate mounds may have formed during the favorable climatic conditions for cold-water corals in the late Pleistocene. They are currently covered with typical bathyal sedimentary habitat species, but remains of potential mound-forming species were also detected in the form of fossils.”
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Laufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, Jose-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch
Summary: The response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) to future warming presents a challenge for numerical models in predicting sea level rise. The SWAIS 2C Project aims to improve projections of ice sheet changes under greenhouse gas levels, and a virtual workshop was held to plan for an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project. The workshop outlined research objectives and the challenges associated with retrieving geological records from beneath the ice sheet.
SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Karsten Gohl, Katharina Hochmuth, Ulrich Salzmann, Robert D. Larter, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Johann P. Klages
Summary: Seismic imaging of a sediment drift on the Amundsen Sea Embayment shelf suggests that the growth of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet was hindered by the incursion of relatively warm circumpolar deep water as early as the Eocene-Oligocene transition. The study also concludes that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has likely experienced a strong oceanic influence on its dynamics since its formation.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)