Article
Engineering, Marine
Pengfei Xu, Chenbo Han, Tao Lv, Hongxia Cheng
Summary: This study proposes an underwater absorber that can be used in remotely operated vehicles. The main factors affecting its adsorption performance were analyzed using numerical simulations, and the performance of the absorber was demonstrated through tested prototypes.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhichao Zhou, Emily St. John, Karthik Anantharaman, Anna-Louise Reysenbach
Summary: This study explores the genomic diversity in 42 metagenomes from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and documents their potential implications in biogeochemical cycles. The findings reveal a significant expansion of microbial genomic diversity associated with hydrothermal vent deposits and highlight the metabolic adaptation of taxonomic guilds.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Zhe Jiang, Bin Lu, Biao Wang, Weicheng Cui, Jinfei Zhang, Ruilong Luo, Gaosheng Luo, Shun Zhang, Zhongjun Mao
Summary: This study introduces a project on FOD ARV (autonomous and remotely-operated vehicle) conducted by the Hadal Science and Technology Research Center of Shanghai Ocean University. The research uses numerical simulations and experimental tests to investigate various subsystems and disciplines of the ARV. Additionally, the trials of the vehicle in lakes, the South China Sea, and the Mariana Trench are discussed. The study provides a design method for the novel three-body FOD ARV and extracts valuable lessons from the trials, regardless of success or failure.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Xiang Zeng, Karine Alain, Zongze Shao
Summary: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems provide diverse habitats for microbial life with versatile metabolic strategies, playing significant roles in biogeochemical processes. Novel cultivation techniques with real-time monitoring of microbial diversity and metabolic substrates are recommended for further study.
MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Ningning Ding, Yuangui Tang, Zhibin Jiang, Yunfei Bai, Shixun Liang
Summary: This paper proposes a modified adaptive generalized super-twisting algorithm enhanced by adaptive tracking differentiator and reduced-order extended state observer for the station-keeping control of autonomous and remotely-operated vehicles under model uncertainties and external disturbances. The new variable gain strategy completely avoids control gains vibrating near the set minimum value, enhancing the robustness of the controller.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jordan Boehm, Eric Berkenpas, Charles Shepard, Derek A. Paley
Summary: This article compares output feedback control strategies for an underwater thruster using different levels of complexity in dynamic models, and evaluates the performance of controllers and estimators in experiments.
IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Coral Diaz-Recio Lorenzo, Daisy ter Bruggen, George W. Luther, Amy Gartman, Sabine Gollner
Summary: The study investigated the abundance and diversity of copepods associated with foundation species in different physiochemical environments at the active vent site ABE, finding that species richness and Shannon diversity were significantly higher in the Bathymodiolus habitat with lower temperatures, sulfur concentrations, and higher oxygen levels, driven by a community comprised mostly of habitat generalists.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elin A. Thomas, Aoife Molloy, Nova B. Hanson, Monika Boehm, Mary Seddon, Julia D. Sigwart
Summary: The study shows that 62% of molluscs endemic to hydrothermal vents are under threat, with some species fully protected while others facing threats from deep-sea mining. The relative threat index highlights greater risks at vent fields in the Indian Ocean, while vent sites within established marine protected areas have a higher proportion of species assessed as Least Concern.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Mustafa Yuecel, Serhat Sevgen, Nadine Le Bris
Summary: The study reveals the presence of different sizes of iron particles in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal system, where the nanoparticulate/colloidal phase changes with sample temperature and the distribution of iron particles of different sizes varies in the plume. The results support previous observations of dissolved iron in MAR vent plumes, suggesting that this recalcitrant iron pool contributes to maintaining high hydrothermal iron fluxes to the deep ocean. Unexpected findings in sample collection could have implications for further research.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nicole Adam-Beyer, Katja Laufer-Meiser, Sebastian Fuchs, Axel Schippers, Daniela Indenbirken, Dieter Garbe-Schoenberg, Sven Petersen, Mirjam Perner
Summary: The study explored the microbial ecosystems from deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems located on the Central and South-East Indian Ridge. It identified uncultured and unspecified microorganisms in various samples and observed correlations between microbial communities and environmental parameters. The study highlights the need for further research to understand the metabolic traits, ecosystem functions, and biogeochemical processes of these microorganisms and to assess the potential environmental disturbances caused by future mining activities.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Alejandra C. Roque-Quispe, Andres B. J. Alvarez-Quispe, Pablo R. Yanyachi, Daniel Yanyachi, Juan C. Cutipa-Luque
Summary: The goal of this work is to demonstrate the advanced features of Scilab/Xcos software in designing robust controllers and validate them numerically using a hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV) with high coupled dynamics. The methodology involves five steps: nonlinear model representation, model linearization, building of augmented plants, synthesis of robust controllers through optimization algorithms, and plotting of results. Linear models can be easily obtained at multiple operating points. Robust controllers are synthesized using the H & INFIN; ${{\rm{ {\mathcal H} }}}_{\infty }$ mixed sensitivity approach and tested in Scilab script and the Xcos block diagram interface. Surge and yaw rate vehicle dynamics are controlled by a centralized controller, achieving a settling time of less than 14 s without overshooting and mitigating coupling dynamics. Good shaping in sensitivity and complementary sensitivity indicates robustness in performance and stability for the HROV. The proposed methodology includes time and frequency domain analysis, among other advanced features, to overcome the need for commercial software.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hualong Du, Di Yao, Shuo Li, Qifeng Zhang
Summary: An ultrasonic method is proposed to accurately measure the thickness of oil slick using a remotely operated vehicle as a platform. The method is shown to have high measurement accuracy, repeatability, and stability, making it suitable for measuring thin oil slicks. This study promotes the development and application of the method in oil spill response.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yong Wang, Hong-Yu Bi, Hua-Guan Chen, Peng-Fei Zheng, Ying-Li Zhou, Jiang-Tao Li
Summary: This study reveals unique microbial communities and their genomic features in the active hydrothermal chimneys of the Southwest Indian Ridge, shedding light on ecosystem establishment and development in hydrothermal fields and the deep biosphere.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah K. Hu, Erica L. Herrera, Amy R. Smith, Maria G. Pachiadaki, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Sean P. Sylva, Eric W. Chan, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Christopher R. German, Julie A. Huber
Summary: In deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, protists exert higher predation pressure compared to the surrounding deep seawater environment, consuming a significant portion of prokaryotic biomass within vent fluids. The diverse protistan communities play an important role in deep-sea carbon cycling, as ciliates, dinoflagellates, Syndiniales, rhizaria, and stramenopiles dominate the vent protistan community. The distribution and co-occurrence patterns of vent microbes provide valuable insights into potential predator-prey interactions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuning Wang, Junhui Chen, Xiuping He, Jiayi Pang, Jianbo Yang, Zhisong Cui, Ming Xin, Wei Cao, Baodong Wang, Zongling Wang
Summary: In this study, a new simple method using direct large-volume injection-liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). The method showed satisfactory precision, linearity, and reduced sample usage, making it suitable for determining GDGTs in sediment and seawater suspended particulate matter samples.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jeffry Sorensen, Bleuenn Gueguen, Brandy D. Stewart, Jasquelin Pena, Olivier Rouxel, Brandy M. Toner
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Brandi R. Cron, Cody S. Sheik, Fotios-Christos A. Kafantaris, Gregory K. Druschel, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Christopher R. German, Gregory J. Dick, John A. Breier, Brandy M. Toner
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Zhichao Zhou, Yang Liu, Jie Pan, Brandi R. Cron, Brandy M. Toner, Karthik Anantharaman, John A. Breier, Gregory J. Dick, Meng Li
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Colleen L. Hoffman, Collin S. Schladweiler, Nicholas C. A. Seaton, Sarah L. Nicholas, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Robert M. Sherrell, Christopher R. German, Phoebe J. Lam, Brandy M. Toner
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Brandy D. Stewart, Jeffry Sorensen, Kathleen Wendt, Jason B. Sylvan, Christopher R. German, Karthik Anantharaman, Gregory J. Dick, John A. Breier, Brandy M. Toner
Summary: This study investigates the speciation of particulate iron in buoyant hydrothermal plumes through observations and modeling, revealing a high diversity in solid-state chemistry and the need for a multi-modal analytical approach. Equilibrium modeling was found to work well for certain phases but poorly for others, leading to recommendations for future field expeditions to explore a variety of site conditions and for the development of kinetic models and expansion of thermodynamic databases to better reflect the composition of plumes.
Article
Microbiology
Cody S. Sheik, Jonathan P. Badalamenti, Jon Telling, David Hsu, Scott C. Alexander, Daniel R. Bond, Jeffrey A. Gralnick, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Brandy M. Toner
Summary: Deep subsurface environments host diverse microbial communities facing unique challenges, with nutrient limitations likely facilitating diverse microbe-microbe interactions that drive biogeochemical cycling of major elements. Microbial communities in low temperature, chemically reduced brines at the Soudan Underground Mine State Park are dominated by Firmicute and Proteobacteria phyla, with metabolic reconstruction showing dominant carbon-fixation pathways and potential for cryptic sulfur cycling. Overall, metabolic flexibility is an important trait for microorganisms in deep isolated systems.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Caroline E. Pierce, Olha S. Furman, Sarah L. Nicholas, Jill Coleman Wasik, Caitlin M. Gionfriddo, Ann M. Wymore, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Randall K. Kolka, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Natalie A. Griffiths, Dwayne A. Elias, Edward A. Nater, Brandy M. Toner
Summary: We investigated the composition and spatial correlation of sulfur and mercury pools in peatland soil profiles. Our findings suggest that organic sulfur species play an important role in mercury methylation processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Xiang Wang, Adrian A. Wackett, Brandy M. Toner, Kyungsoo Yoo
Summary: In steep mountainous landscapes constrained by erosion, the longevity of soil organic carbon is largely independent of organic matter chemistry.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cristopher J. Schuler, Lindsey J. Briscoe, Scott C. Alexander, E. Calvin Alexander, Jeffrey A. Gralnick, Cara M. Santelli, Brandy M. Toner
Summary: This study characterizes the hydrogeologic and geochemical systems of a 2.7 Ga banded iron formation in the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, highlighting the interplay between geochemistry and microbiology in deep environments. The presence of high magnesium concentrations and distinct water isotope values suggests a unique subsurface community, making Soudan a promising site for future research into deep crustal life.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brandy Stewart, Sarah Nicholas, Sharon Bone, Ryan Tappero, Paul Eger, Cody Sheik, Brandy M. Toner
Summary: Low-cost and low-input water treatment systems are crucial for industrial stormwater remediation. Researchers found that the primary mechanism for chromium attenuation in the reactors is precipitation as Cr-Fe hydroxides combined with trivalent Cr adsorption onto peat surfaces.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
William S. Dowd, Christopher J. Schuler, Cara M. Santelli, Brandy M. Toner, Cody S. Sheik, Kelden Pehr, Jill M. McDermott
Summary: In isolated fracture networks in the Precambrian Shield, saline anoxic fluids produced through water and rock interactions host microbial communities that rely on anaerobic reactions for energy. Methane and other short-chain alkanes serve as electron donors, while sulfate, nitrate, and ferric iron act as alternative electron acceptors.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
A. Soares, A. Edwards, D. An, A. Bagnoud, J. Bradley, E. Barnhart, M. Bomberg, K. Budwill, S. M. Caffrey, M. Fields, J. Gralnick, V. Kadnikov, L. Momper, M. Osburn, A. Mu, J. W. Moreau, D. Moser, L. Purkamo, S. M. Rassner, C. S. Sheik, B. Sherwood Lollar, B. M. Toner, G. Voordouw, K. Wouters, A. C. Mitchell
Summary: Our meta-analysis reveals that the microbial diversity in the terrestrial deep subsurface is dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes, suggesting their diverse metabolic strategies as the reasons. Furthermore, a common small consortium of prevalent Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria operational taxonomic units was found across various locations, implying a core deep subsurface community that plays a significant role in colonizing and sustaining microbial habitats. In silico contamination-aware analysis of the deep subsurface-derived sequencing data emphasizes the importance of downstream methods to ensure the reliability of conclusions. Understanding microbial diversity and ecological dynamics in the deep terrestrial subsurface is crucial for comprehending the microbial contribution to global subsurface element and nutrient cycling.
Article
Oceanography
Rose Jones, Sarah Nicholas, Paul Northrup, Benjamin C. Bostick, Colleen Hoffman, Wen Hu, Phoebe J. Lam, Alessandra Leri, Brandy M. Toner, Benjamin S. Twining
Summary: Synchrotron instruments are valuable tools for marine studies, allowing nondestructive measurements of chemical composition and speciation on small sample volumes and at low concentrations. This article provides guidance for new users on accessing these instruments, designing appropriate experiments, and avoiding common pitfalls. Successful marine studies using synchrotron techniques are also presented.
Meeting Abstract
Zoology
K. Katija, A. Govindarajan, J. Llopiz, P. Wiebe, J. Breier, B. Hobson, M. Risi, B. Robison, S. Rock, D. Yoerger
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
Pernille Tonnesen, Shane Gero
Summary: Studying the behavior of deep-sea animals is challenging, but animal-borne camera tags may help understand predator-prey interactions. Research showed that camera-associated white light may affect foraging behavior, but has minimal long-term fitness impact on sperm whales. However, this impact should be considered and monitored for longer camera tag deployments.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Sarah N. de Mendonca, Anna Metaxas
Summary: Ecological processes impact spatial patterns in abundance and distribution of megafauna. This study used spatial statistics to identify significant megafaunal patterns in the Laurentian Channel Marine Protected Area. The patterns varied among taxa and were related to geological factors. The study highlights the importance of considering fine-scale patterns and provides insights for ecological research, monitoring, and conservation in deep-sea ecosystems.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
(2024)