Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen A. Shrum, Ujwani Nukala, Shivangi Shrimali, Edith Nathalie Pineda, Kimberly J. Krager, Shraddha Thakkar, Darin E. Jones, Rupak Pathak, Philip J. Breen, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Cesar M. Compadre
Summary: Tocotrienols have powerful multi-organ radioprotective effects, involving antioxidant and other signaling effects.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sang-gyu Lee, Teja Muralidhar Kalidindi, Hanzhi Lou, Kishore Gangangari, Blesida Punzalan, Ariana Bitton, Casey J. Lee, Hebert A. Vargas, Soobin Park, Lisa Bodei, Michael G. Kharas, Vijay K. Singh, Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty, Steven M. Larson
Summary: A novel radioprotector drug, GT3-Nano, shows promising efficacy in mitigating bone marrow radiation damage during targeted radionuclide therapy in mice. GT3-Nano demonstrates significant radioprotection effects and facilitates rapid recovery of hematopoietic components in mice.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vidya P. Kumar, Gregory P. Holmes-Hampton, Shukla Biswas, Sasha Stone, Neel Kamal Sharma, Bernadette Hritzo, Mary Guilfoyle, Gary Eichenbaum, Chandan Guha, Sanchita P. Ghosh
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of a PEGylated thrombopoietin mimetic peptide, JNJ-26366821, in treating Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). The findings suggest that JNJ-26366821 can mitigate mortality and thrombocytopenia associated with ARS, and promote the growth of bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes. Single administration of doses ranging from 0.3 to 1 mg/kg increased survival by 30-90% and remained effective for up to 6 months after irradiation. These results support the potential use of JNJ-26366821 as a medical countermeasure in the event of a nuclear radiation incident.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jeong Hyun Lee, Hyuna Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Ho Won Seo, Kwang-Seok Oh, Byung Ho Lee
Summary: This study explored the radioprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms of KR-31831 against radiation-induced injury. The results showed that KR-31831 dose dependently prolonged the survival period and prevented damage to radiation-sensitive organs. It also improved the damages to the hematopoietic system by suppressing apoptotic cell death and erythropoietin levels in the plasma. Furthermore, KR-31831 upregulated the expression of genes involved in regulating apoptosis and modulating the immune response, both of which are crucial for protecting the bone marrow.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarita Garg, Tarun K. Garg, Stephen Y. Wise, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Isabelle R. Miousse, Alena V. Savenka, Alexei G. Basnakian, Vijay K. Singh, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of the vitamin E analog gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) on GI recovery in nonhuman primates (NHPs) after total-body irradiation. The results showed that GT3 promoted the survival and proliferation of intestinal stem cells, reduced cell apoptosis, and had a radioprotective function. Therefore, GT3 has the potential to be used as a prophylactic medical countermeasure for radiation-induced GI injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tarun K. Garg, Sarita Garg, Isabelle R. Miousse, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Frits van Rhee, Vijay K. Singh, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: Radiation exposure causes acute damage to hematopoietic and immune cells. A study on nonhuman primates has shown that GT3 can accelerate hematopoietic recovery and aid in the recovery of circulating neutrophils and platelets, suggesting its potential as a medical countermeasure for radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hajar Zarei, Mostean Bahreinipour, Yahya Sefidbakht, Shokouh Rezaei, Rouhollah Gheisari, Susan Kabudanian Ardestani, Vuk Uskokovic, Hiroshi Watabe
Summary: The study found that vitamin C and vitamin E have radioprotective effects against gamma radiation-induced protein structural changes, preventing alterations in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein.
Article
Cell Biology
Ying Cheng, Jicong Du, Ruling Liu, Suhe Dong, Jianming Cai, Fu Gao, Cong Liu
Summary: Severe ionizing radiation causes acute lethal damage to the hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. The novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist CL429 demonstrated significant radioprotective effects in mice by activating TLR2 and partly NOD2, indicating its potential as a high-efficiency selective agent for radioprotection.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Sathish Kumar Karuppannan, Pamela Sinha, Nihala Sultana Dowlath, Kantha Deivi Arunachalam, B. Ravindran, S. Woong Chang, Phuong Nguyen-Tri, D. Duc Nguyen
Summary: Radiation can be lethal at high doses, but beneficial in controlled doses for medical applications. Plants evolving in radiation conditions have demonstrated the ability to protect organisms against radiation. Studies on plant-based radioprotection have shown promising results and further research is needed to develop effective and safe radioprotectants for clinical use.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarita Garg, Tarun K. Garg, Isabelle R. Miousse, Stephen Y. Wise, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Alena Savenka, Alexei G. Basnakian, Vijay K. Singh, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: Exposure to high doses of radiation can cause gastrointestinal injury, and there are currently no effective therapies available for mitigating this damage. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) is being investigated as a potential radioprotector, but its effectiveness in accelerating gastrointestinal recovery has not been well-studied. This study examined the effects of GT3 in nonhuman primates exposed to partial-body irradiation and found that it had some protective effects in reducing intestinal injury and promoting cell proliferation, although its impact on citrulline levels was minimal.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Lledo, Blanca Ibanez, Ana Melero, Alegria Montoro, Juan F. Merino-Torres, Nadia San Onofre, Jose M. Soriano
Summary: This review examines the radioprotective effect of vitamins through ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo studies. A total of 38 articles were included, which investigated the radioprotective effect of vitamins A, C, D, and E either alone or in combination with other compounds. The use of vitamins, either in their natural form or as supplements, can help reduce the negative effects of radiation on the body, organs, and cells. Among the thirteen vitamins, only vitamin E, followed by vitamin C, A, and D, showed radioprotective properties.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Blanca Ibanez, Ana Melero, Alegria Montoro, Nadia San Onofre, Jose M. Soriano
Summary: Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees that has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. This manuscript reviews the radioprotective effect of propolis and includes studies on cell-based experiments, animal models, and human trials. The results suggest that propolis can protect against radiation, and its efficacy is attributed to its various bioactive compounds. The characterization and dosage forms of propolis varied among different studies, and the ethanolic extract of propolis showed a significant presence of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xue Li, Juanjuan Yi, Jiaqing Zhu, Changcheng Zhao, Yan Cui, Yanling Shi, Limin Hao, Jike Lu
Summary: Coix seed seedling extract (CSS-E) exhibits a strong radioprotective effect, reducing oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR). By modulating the activities of key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, CSS-E effectively protects the body from radiation-induced harm.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Yang Li, Han Liu, Yaqun Ding, Wanyu Li, Yuansong Zhang, Shenglin Luo, Qiang Xiang
Summary: Major causes of radiation-induced disease include nuclear accidents, war-related nuclear explosions, and clinical radiotherapy. Hydrogel-based materials, with their tunable performance and excellent biocompatibility, are promising tools for the design of novel radioprotective therapeutic strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mars G. Sharapov, Sergey Gudkov
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the radioprotective properties of exogenous Prx1 and found that recombinant Prx1 is an effective radioprotector which reduces the severity of radiation-induced leuko- and thrombocytopenia, and protects bone marrow cells from damage.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Charles P. Hinzman, Baldev Singh, Shivani Bansal, Yaoxiang Li, Anton Iliuk, Michael Girgis, Kelly M. Herremans, Jose G. Trevino, Vijay K. Singh, Partha P. Banerjee, Amrita K. Cheema
Summary: Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (cEVs) play a crucial role in promoting cancer progression. This study found that cEVs can be readily internalized by normal cells and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein response. Furthermore, cEVs can increase cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, regulated in part by certain biological molecules.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: This article discusses the potential applications of organ-on-chip technologies in the discovery and development of radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The author emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting and optimizing the organ-on-chip system to improve the success rate of drug testing and reduce attrition rates. The recent progress in organ-on-chip technology holds promise for the development of additional radiation MCMs for ARS.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Amrita K. Cheema, Yaoxiang Li, Joanna Moulton, Michael Girgis, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana Carpenter, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: This study developed a multiomics-based serum probability index of radiation exposure using a nonhuman primate model. By analyzing metabolites, lipids, and proteins, a panel was constructed to accurately assess radiation exposure, which can contribute to the development of molecular diagnostic tools for radiation exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaoxiang Li, Michael Girgis, Meth Jayatilake, Artur A. Serebrenik, Amrita K. Cheema, Michael D. Kaytor, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: BIO 300, a pharmaceutical formulation being developed for radiation countermeasure, showed good safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in nonhuman primates when administered orally at different doses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Sahil Sethi, Sanjit Pandey, Jatinder Singh, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Chittibabu Guda, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: The study investigated the impact of a supralethal dose of radiation on alterations in the lung transcriptome using a nonhuman primate model. Significant radiation-induced changes in the lung transcriptome were observed for both total-body irradiation (TBI) and partial-body irradiation (PBI), with common signaling pathways being upregulated in both exposures.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Andrew J. Phipps, Julie N. Bergmann, Mark T. Albrecht, Vijay K. Singh, Mary J. Homer
Summary: More evidence is needed to support recommendations for medical management of acute radiation syndrome and associated infections. A nonhuman primate model suggests that combination antibiotic therapy with hematopoietic growth factors is more effective than monotherapy, but further research is needed to identify the optimal antimicrobial therapy.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: The need for radiation medical countermeasures is growing due to the increasing possibility of radiological and nuclear emergencies. Gamma-tocotrienol, a component of vitamin E, is a promising radiation countermeasure that has shown significant efficacy in animal models of acute radiation syndrome.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Vijay K. Singh, Artur A. Serebrenik, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna L. Janocha, Michael D. Kaytor
Summary: Acute radiation exposure can cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS), and survivors are at risk of developing delayed effects, with the lungs being particularly vulnerable. There are currently no approved medical countermeasures (MCMs) for preventing or mitigating these lung effects. BIO 300, a synthetic genistein formulation, has shown promise as a prophylactic MCM for ARS. In this study, BIO 300 was found to significantly reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI), suggesting it may be an effective protective treatment against DEARE-lung.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dharmendra Kumar Soni, Vidya P. Kumar, Shukla Biswas, Gregory P. Holmes-Hampton, Sharmistha Bhattacharyya, Lawrence J. Thomas, Roopa Biswas, Sanchita P. Ghosh
Summary: CDX-301, as a radioprophylactic drug, can prevent radiation-induced dysregulation of microRNA and other cellular functions, inhibit the activation of the HOTAIR regulatory pathway, and restore the expression of genes associated with radiation, thus providing protection.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Sahil Sethi, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Stephen Y. Y. Wise, Alana D. D. Carpenter, Oluseyi O. O. Fatanmi, Chittibabu Guda, Vijay K. K. Singh
Summary: The development of advanced molecular biodosimetry methods, such as transcriptomics, is crucial for screening radiation-exposed victims. This study exposed nonhuman primates to different radiation doses and treatment with a potential radiation medical countermeasure. It identified common pathways activated by radiation and sex-specific differences in response.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna L. Janocha, Sarah A. Petrus, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Animal models are crucial for developing radiation medical countermeasures. Nonhuman primates play a significant role in obtaining regulatory approval for such agents. It is important to thoroughly characterize these animal models.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alana D. Carpenter, Yaoxiang Li, Brianna L. Janocha, Stephen Y. Wise, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Manoj Maniar, Amrita K. Cheema, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: There are four approved radiation medical countermeasures for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome currently recognized by the FDA, all of which are repurposed radiomitigators. The evaluation of potential candidate drugs to be used during radiological/nuclear emergencies is ongoing. Ex-Rad, a chlorobenzyl sulfone derivative, has shown efficacy in mitigating radiation-induced damage and restoring protein homeostasis and immune response in nonhuman primates in this study. The findings suggest that targeting functionally significant pathways may protect vital organs and improve long-term survival outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Vijay K. Singh, Meera Srivastava, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Proteomics is a promising tool for evaluating levels of radiation exposure and characterizing radiation injury biomarkers. Recent advancements in high-resolution chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-throughput, and bioinformatics have resulted in comprehensive and precise approaches for the discovery and accuracy of key protein biomarkers of radiation exposure.
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vijay K. Singh, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna Janocha, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Threats of radiological or nuclear disasters are a major concern for government agencies involved in domestic security and public health preparedness. This study focuses on the need for sensitive bioassays and biomarkers to assess radiation exposure and evaluate the efficacy of medical countermeasures. Using various omic platforms, the researchers identified candidate biomarkers for acute radiation injury and found that multi-omic platforms are highly useful for assessing radiation exposure levels and identifying biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy.
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mona M. Watany, Marwa M. Elhosary
Summary: Circulating TWEAK and CD163 appear to be promising biomarkers for monitoring myocardial iron overload and predicting iron-induced cardiac decompensation in TDTM patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lixin Xiao, Kang Tang, Ting Fu, Xiaojie Yuan, Samuel Seery, Weilu Zhang, Zhaohua Ji, Zhen He, Yan Yang, Wenhua Zhang, Wenling Jia, Chunhui Liang, Haitao Tang, Fengmei Wang, Yancheng Ye, Lihua Chen, Zhongjun Shao
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of cytokine/chemokine profiles during chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the effects of nucleotide analogues antiviral therapy on cytokine profiles. The results suggest that specific cytokines and virological markers may serve as potential indicators of different immune statuses in chronic HBV infection, while nucleotide analogues antiviral therapy has limitations in altering cytokine profiles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Desiree Gutmann, Melanie Dressler, Olaf Eickmeier, Eva Herrmann, Marta Kirwil, Ralf Schubert, Stefan Zielen, Ulrich M. Zissler
Summary: This study found that obese adolescents have increased bronchial inflammation, which may be caused by the pro-inflammatory effects of obesity itself. This finding is important for understanding the relationship between obesity and airway diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Liu, Hui Zeng
Summary: IGF2BP2 enhances the expression of GPX4 through m6A modification, thereby suppressing ferroptosis and attenuating inflammation and pathological changes in ulcerative colitis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaohua Li, Junping Xu, Xin Lin, Qiong Lin, Tianxing Yu, Lin Chen, Lifang Chen, Xiaoqing Huang, Xueping Zhang, Geng Chen, Liyu Xu
Summary: Macrophages play a significant role in the progression of cryptococcosis. This study investigated the potential involvement of macrophage-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. The study analyzed the changes of microRNAs in macrophage exosomes and explored the effects of highly expressed exo-miRNAs on human endothelial cell permeability, ROS accumulation, and pyroptosis in bronchial epithelioid cells. The results showed that exo-miR-4449 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis and holds promise as a significant biomarker for treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E. Matt, Matthew J. Mazzella, John T. Doucette, Parita Ratnani, Ashley L. Merianos
Summary: This study examined the associations between inflammatory markers and pediatric illnesses related to children's exposure to tobacco smoke. The results showed that parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in children, while children with bacterial diagnoses had higher levels of IL-8.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin-Yu Liang, Hai-Jun Wei, Yi-Yun Tang
Summary: Isthmin is a polypeptide secreted by adipocytes that plays important biological functions in growth and development, angiogenesis, and metabolism. ISM-1, as a regulator of cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune microenvironments, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Furthermore, ISM-1 acts as a regulator of adipocyte glucose uptake and hepatic lipid synthesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abhishek Singh, Baishakhi Mahapatra, Arpita Banerjee, Samer Singh, Sangram Singh, Vikash K. Dubey, Pradeep Das, Rakesh K. Singh
Summary: In Leishmania infection, antigen-activated CD4+ T cells expressing CD200R receptors are the main source of IL-10 production. The expression of CD200R helps T cells acquire the ability to produce IL-10 as a survival strategy in leishmaniasis pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xun Chen, Chaofeng Wang, Guolong Zhao, Zhong Li, Wentao Zhang, Tao Song, Congming Zhang, Ning Duan
Summary: Failure of bone healing after fracture often results in nonunion, but the underlying mechanism of nonunion pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study reveals that the inflammatory microenvironment in atrophic nonunion inhibits the expression of DNA methyltransferases, resulting in overexpression of CtBP1/2. The increased CtBP1/2 acts as transcriptional corepressors that suppress the expression of six genes involved in bone healing. The disruption of this signaling may represent a new therapeutic strategy to prevent nonunion incidence after bone fracture.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuwei Peng, Meng Zhang, Jiangkang Hu
Summary: This review article provides an overview of the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the activity and pathogenesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These ncRNAs regulate various FLS activities including metastasis, proliferation, and cytokine production. Additionally, the study discusses potential therapeutic approaches involving modulation of ncRNAs to regulate FLS activity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Milad Khorasani
Summary: This review discusses the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in CRC and highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting this pathway.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gustavo de Souza Vieira, Talita de Carvalho Kimura, Joao Figueira Scarini, Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza, Luccas Lavareze, Carolina Emerick, Mayara Trevizol Goncalves, Ingrid Iara Damas, Tayna Figueiredo-Maciel, Raisa Sales de Sa, Iara Goncalves Aquino, Joao Paulo Goncalves de Paiva, Patricia Maria Fernandes, Moises Willian Aparecido Goncalves, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Albina Altemani, Gary Chris Fillmore, Fernanda Viviane Mariano, Erika Said Abu Egal
Summary: This article provides an in-depth review of the role of hematopoietic cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers, and summarizes the current clinical trials and findings on the therapeutic application of these cytokines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oznur Copur, Havva Yazici, Erhan Canbay, Burak Durmaz, Ebru Canda, Sema Kalkan Ucar, Mahmut Coker, Eser Yildirim Sozmen
Summary: This study explores the oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in MPS patients. The results suggest that inflammation plays a role in MPS patients, especially in untreated MPS III and MPS VI patients. The study also highlights potential targets for treatment development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saikat Fakir, Nektarios Barabutis
Summary: GHRHAnt have been shown to have protective effects on endothelial cells, opposing interferon-gamma-induced inflammation and barrier disruption.