Exposure to an organometal compound stimulates adipokine and cytokine expression in white adipose tissue

Objective: White adipose tissue (WAT) is now considered a defined tissue capable of interactions with other organ systems. WAT role in elevating the level of systemic chronic inflammation suggests that alterations in this tissue as the result of disease or environmental factors may influence the development and progression of various obesity-related pathologies. This study investigated WAT cell-specific responses to an organometal compound, trimethyltin (TMT), to determine possible contribution to induced inflammation. Methods: Human primary mature adipocytes and macrophage differentiated THP-1 cells were cultured in TMT presence and relative toxicities and different adipokine levels were determined. The inflammatory response was examined in TMT presence for primary cells from obese ob/ob mice WAT, and after TMT injection in ob/ob mice. Results: Both adipocytes and macrophages were resistant to cell death induced by TMT. However, adipocytes cultured in TMT presence showed increased expression of TNF alpha and IL-6, and modified leptin levels. In macrophage cultures, TMT also increased TNF alpha and IL-6, while MCP-1 and MIP-1 alpha were decreased. In vivo, a single injection of TMT in ob/ob mice, elevated TNF alpha, MIP-1 alpha and adiponectin in WAT. Conclusions: Elevation of the inflammatory related products can be induced by chemical exposure in adipocytes and macrophages, as well as murine WAT. These data suggest that numerous factors, including a systemic chemical exposure, can induce an inflammatory response from the WAT. Furthermore, when characterizing both chemical-induced toxicity and the progression of the chronic inflammation associated with elevated WAT content, such responses in this target tissue should be taken into consideration. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.