Article
Economics
Raj Bridgelall
Summary: This research relates the subjective ratings of roughness from regular bus passengers to objective measures of roughness using smartphones. The findings show that passengers can distinguish extreme values of roughness but not intermediate values. Ratings are less distinguishable for smoother rides than for rougher rides. The experiments also reveal a phenomenon of roughness acclimation from regular users of a road segment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Uijong Ju, Christian Wallraven
Summary: Investigating factors related to perceived speed and risk is crucial for safe driving. Previous studies on this topic often measured speed and risk perception indirectly after driving sessions, making it difficult to trace dynamic effects and time points for potential misestimations. To tackle this issue, a novel continuous method for dynamically measuring risk and speed perceptions was developed and validated. By presenting participants with videos captured on the same racing track but with different drivers who varied in their speed and risk profiles, the study examined the factors influencing risk and speed perception. The results demonstrated the usefulness of dynamic rating profiles in investigating situations that could lead to misjudgment of speed or risk, contributing to the development of more intelligent and human-centered driving assistance systems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Svenja Zempelin, Karolina Sejunaite, Claudia Lanza, Matthias W. Riepe
Summary: The study examined the differences in facial expressions and subjective mood states induction between young and old individuals. Results showed that watching film clips successfully induced emotions in both young and old participants, with concordance between facial expressions and subjective mood states observed in some emotions for both age groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Groendal, Karl Ask, Stefan Winblad
Summary: Irritability, anger, and impulsivity have important associations with psychological well-being. This study examined the relationships between these emotional constructs and their connection to life satisfaction and negative impact on different life domains. The findings showed that higher levels of irritability and trait anger were associated with lower life satisfaction. Impulsivity displayed complex relationships with life satisfaction, with some aspects showing a positive relationship and others showing a negative relationship. The study also highlighted the importance of treating irritability and anger as separate constructs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Ruben Molla-Albaladejo, Juan A. Sanchez-Alcaniz
Summary: Among individuals, behavioral differences arise from the interplay of nature and nurture. Genetic variations can lead to differential gene expression and function, impacting developmental processes and adult behavior. Advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled the study of genetic basis of behavior, with focus on models like Drosophila melanogaster.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marco Del Giudice
Summary: In order to study personality integration, researchers need to model the motivational processes that contribute to stable individual differences in behavior, cognition, and emotion. This paper presents the General Architecture of Motivation (GAM) as a framework tool for understanding individual differences in humans and other animals. It describes the main components of the GAM, their interplay, and their contribution to the emergence of individual differences. The paper also discusses the future research directions for using the GAM to construct explicit functional models of personality.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Sine McDougall, Irene Reppa, Jacqui Taylor
Summary: This study explored biases in subjective ratings of icon characteristics and found that the context of the rating influenced participants' ratings. Some icon characteristics were susceptible to bias while others were not. Representative sampling of icon characteristics is necessary to avoid ratings bias.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alexia Mouchet, Niels J. Dingemanse
Summary: Behavior of wild great tits in both laboratory and field environments showed similar repeatability but differed in heritability, indicating differences in selection pressures. Surprisingly, there was no cross-context correlation, suggesting that behaviors in these two environments reflect distinct underlying characters.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maggie Creamer, Kristina Horback
Summary: Research on human-animal interactions with beef cattle often occurs during stress-inducing contexts, potentially skewing behavioral and physiological responses. Future studies should consider conducting experiments in low stress contexts to better understand how animal personality and previous experience influence cattle production and welfare. By adapting methods used for wildlife response research, researchers may gain insights into improving the quality and outcomes of human-cattle interactions on rangelands.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Max Norman, Lewis J. Rowden, Guy Cowlishaw
Summary: Studies on primate personality have increased in recent years, with a focus on health, welfare, and conservation implications. While there is a strong taxonomic bias in the research, there is progress in integrating personality data into animal management practices. The assessment of personality may benefit social group management, enrichment practices, training protocols, health and welfare monitoring, and conservation planning for endangered species.
Article
Psychology, Social
John A. Johnson
Summary: The study compared the accuracy of the conventional +/- .5 standard deviation cutting scores with another method and found that the latter was more accurate in measuring individual trait levels.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yingqiang Lou, Qingshan Zhao, Yunbiao Hu, Lijun Chen, Pengfei Liu, Yun Fang, Huw Lloyd, Yuehua Sun
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigate how a female bird's personality traits, such as activity and breathing rate, can influence nest site selection at different spatial scales. They also examine the impact of nest site characteristics and female personality traits on clutch size and nest success during incubation. The findings reveal that activity and breathing rate are not associated with large-scale nesting habitat variables. However, at a smaller scale, more active females tend to choose nest sites with better lateral concealment. Females with higher breathing rates lay smaller clutch sizes, while those with lower breathing rates have higher nest success during incubation. This research highlights the link between personality and nest site selection in birds, and emphasizes the important role of female personality traits in reproductive success.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kaushadh Jayakody, Peter Gallagher, Adrian J. Lloyd, David Andrew Cousins
Summary: In an inpatient setting, personality disorders are associated with greater subjective severity of depressive symptomatology and selected neurocognitive functioning, despite similar or lower objective severity compared to those with MDD. This finding has implications for understanding the patient journey through healthcare settings.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Charles Carslake, Francesca Occhiuto, Jorge A. Vazquez-Diosdado, Jasmeet Kaler
Summary: The study examined individual differences in calf feeding behavior, finding significant between-individual differences in feeding rate and total meals, while meal size showed more homogeneity among individuals. The results also suggested a positive correlation between the behavioral types of feeding rate and total meals in calves, indicating a potential underlying factor driving the expression of these behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Isaac Planas-Sitja, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Adam L. Cronin
Summary: Planas-Sitja, Deneubourg and Cronin use a theoretical approach to examine the importance of personality and feedback in the emergence of collective movement decisions in animal groups. Using a simulation of Capuchin monkey data they show that variation in personality dramatically influences collective decisions as well as replaces feedback depending on the directionality of relationships among individuals.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Eva Conquet, Arpat Ozgul, Daniel T. Blumstein, Kenneth B. Armitage, Madan K. Oli, Julien G. A. Martin, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Maria Paniw
Summary: The effects of changes in the strength of vital-rate periodicity on different species were investigated in this study. It was found that these changes had strong effects on population dynamics across all three study species. This suggests that environmentally driven vital-rate periodic patterns may have significant impacts on population dynamics, even for populations that are adapted to inter-annual vital-rate variation.
Article
Zoology
K. Uchida, A. A. Burkle, D. T. Blumstein
Summary: Through studying yellow-bellied marmots, it was found that cameras can distract marmots but do not affect their risk assessment. However, capturing their attention may reduce their ability to be alert to predators, increasing their vulnerability to predation. Regulation of photography may be necessary in high-risk areas and habitats of vulnerable species.
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
B. E. Barbee, M. K. R. Lin, I. A. Min, A. M. Takenami, C. S. Philson, D. T. Blumstein
Summary: This study examined the effects of nutrient enrichment on risk assessment in giant clams. The results showed that nutrient-enriched clams increased their hiding time when faced with simulated predators. This provides support for previous research on state-dependent risk assessment and suggests that nutrient-enriched clams are less likely to take risks to forage.
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Conner S. Philson, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: The frequency and type of individual's social interactions have important fitness consequences. This study used social network analysis to quantify social group structure and found that female yellow-bellied marmots living in more fragmentable social groups weaned larger litters. This suggests that the individual's position within the group and its social phenotype may be more important for fitness than the group's social phenotype.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Leanne K. van der Weyde, Daniel T. Blumstein, Mike Letnic, Katherine Tuft, Ned Ryan-Schofield, Katherine E. Moseby
Summary: Prey species that are naive to novel predators are at increased risk of predation and potential extinction. Exposure to native predators can improve anti-predator traits in prey, but this advantage may not apply to novel predators with different behaviors. Predator naivety negatively affects reintroduction success, especially when prey encounters predators without evolutionary experience. Exposing prey to native predators first may be an effective way to improve their responses to evolutionarily novel predators.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Elle Overs, Sydney Stump, Isabel Severino, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: Visual cues play an important role in communication among different species as well as within the same species. The species confidence hypothesis suggests that animals are more attracted to their own color and repelled by other colors. A study on dusky damselfish in the marine environment tested this hypothesis and found that individuals tolerated a closer approach when the approaching stimulus was of the same color. This research is relevant to ecotourists' choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors as it may influence natural antipredator behavior.
Article
Biology
Rebecca M. Prather, Rebecca M. Dalton, Billy Barr, Daniel T. Blumstein, Carol L. Boggs, Alison K. Brody, David W. Inouye, Rebecca E. Irwin, Julien G. A. Martin, Rosemary J. Smith, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Caitlin P. Wells, Howard H. Whiteman, Brian D. Inouye, Nora Underwood
Summary: Climate can influence the timing of life events. Studies from around the world show that climate cues and species' responses can vary. We collected data on phenological events for multiple species in a high-elevation environment over 45 years and found significant variation in how climate affects phenology across taxa. Comparing the phenological responses of different taxa at a single location, we found that important cues often differ among species, which suggests that climate change may disrupt the synchrony of timing among taxa.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Daniel T. Blumstein, Loren D. Hayes, Noa Pinter-Wollman
Summary: Social behavior is crucial in understanding the impact of human-induced environmental changes on animal population resilience. Social structures of animal groups, which often have demographic consequences for group members, can be directly influenced or indirectly modified by environmental drivers through social interactions, group composition, or group size. We have developed a framework to study these demographic consequences and estimating the strength of direct and indirect pathways will provide insights for understanding and potentially managing the effects of human-induced rapid environmental changes.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dana M. Williams, Samantha Beckert, Julien G. A. Martin, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: Individuals vary in their acceptance of predation risks and social relationships play a role in risk management. However, the specific ways in which different types of social relationships influence individual risk response are not well understood. This study focused on yellow-bellied marmots and found that docile individuals were less socially integrated and that certain measures of their positions in their agonistic social networks were associated with individual docility. These findings suggest that social network measures are part of a docility syndrome in yellow-bellied marmots.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daniel T. Blumstein, McKenna Sanchez, Conner S. Philson, Louis Bliard
Summary: A study on flight initiation distance (FID) found no clear association with summer survival or winter survival, indicating that FID decisions may not have longer-term fitness consequences.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Friederike Zenth, Adriana A. Maldonado-Chaparro, Ana Solis, Stephanie Gee, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: Social group structure is not fixed due to demographic processes, and it is important to understand how different demographic social roles and loss of individuals with these roles modify group structure. A study on yellow-bellied marmots found that males played a key role in shaping social networks, with yearling males being a cohesive element and adult males being central players in agonistic networks. The structure of social networks is shaped by both demographic processes and individual social behavior.
Article
Biology
Joanie Van de Walle, Remi Fay, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Fanie Pelletier, Sandra Hamel, Marlene Gamelon, Christophe Barbraud, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Daniel T. Blumstein, Anne Charmantier, Karine Delord, Benjamin Larue, Julien Martin, James A. Mills, Emmanuel Milot, Francine M. Mayer, Jay Rotella, Bernt-Erik Saether, Celine Teplitsky, Martijn van de Pol, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Marcel E. Visser, Caitlin P. Wells, John Yarrall, Stephanie Jenouvrier
Summary: The slow-fast continuum is commonly used to describe variation in life-history strategies across species. However, it remains unclear whether this continuum explains life-history variation among individuals within a population.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Eleanor S. Diamant, Ian MacGregor-Fors, Daniel T. Blumstein, Pamela J. Yeh
Summary: After the COVID-19 pandemic, human activity in cities significantly changed as people worldwide stayed home. This provided an opportunity for researchers to study how urban animals respond to human disturbance, testing fundamental questions on the impact of urban behaviors on animal behavior. However, as human activity returned to cities, the effects of these shifts on wildlife in the short and long term became a concern.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Madison Pfau, Sam Degregori, Gina Johnson, Stavi R. Tennenbaum, Paul H. Barber, Conner S. Philson, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: There is a significant relationship between gut microbiome composition and social behavior in wild social mammals. Microbial diversity is negatively correlated with the number of social interactions an individual engaged in, and the relative abundance of certain microbes is negatively correlated with social network measures that quantify an individual's position in their social group.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Conner S. Philson, Daniel T. Blumstein
Summary: For social animals, the group social structure has significant consequences on disease and information spread. A long-term study on a wild population of yellow-bellied marmots showed that social structure had little to no relationship with survival, indicating that individual social phenotypes may not scale up to the group social phenotype. Winter survival showed a contrasting direction of selection between the group and previous research on the individual level, where less social individuals in more social groups had greater survival rates. This work provides valuable insights into the evolutionary implications of social phenotypic scales.