Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shigeru Watanabe
Summary: This study used Japanese eels to investigate the effects of telencephalic lesions on spatial learning. The lesioned eels were unable to maintain their learning and showed difficulties in re-learning, with different lesion locations impairing different aspects of learning.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura S. Mazzitelli-Fuentes, Fernanda R. Roman, Julio R. Castillo Elias, Emilia B. Deleglise, Lucas A. Mongiat
Summary: Adult neurogenesis in specific pallial regions is increased during the learning process in adult zebrafish, with distinct critical periods. Labeled cells in these learning-sensitive regions decrease over time, but a fraction of them continues to proliferate.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ilaria Bertocchi, Paolo Mele, Giuliano Ferrero, Alessandra Oberto, Daniela Carulli, Carola Eva
Summary: This study demonstrates that conditional depletion of the gene encoding the Y1R for NPY in adult forebrain excitatory neurons results in a significant slowdown in spatial learning, with an intensification of PNN expression and an increase in c-Fos expressing cells in the CA1. Importantly, enzymatic digestion of PNNs in CA1 normalizes c-Fos activity and rescues the learning abilities of Npy1r(rfb) mice, revealing a functional link between NPY-Y1R transmission and PNNs in the control of dorsal hippocampal excitability and cognitive functions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johanna Wallensten, Fariborz Mobarrez, Marie Asberg, Kristian Borg, Aniella Beser, Alexander Wilczek, Anna Nager
Summary: This study found that stress-related mental disorders may be associated with changes in astrocytes and neurons. Elevated levels of S100B, a peripheral marker, were observed in patients with chronic stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED), especially in women. These findings suggest a potential link between astrocyte pathophysiological changes and cognitive dysfunction.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jonas Cornelius, Klemens Rottner, Martin Korte, Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
Summary: The loss of cortactin in knockout mice leads to deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory formation, prominent dysregulation of functional and structural plasticity, impaired long-term potentiation, and a complete absence of structural spine plasticity. This may be explained by alterations in the activity-dependent modulation of synaptic actin in cortactin-deficient neurons.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sachie Sasaki-Hamada, Ayumu Fujiwara, Show Satoh, Takashi Iwai, Jun-Ichiro Oka
Summary: The study demonstrated that GLP-2 has the potential to restore cognitive impairments in childhood-onset diabetes rats, including deficits in spatial working memory and hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), and that the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, can inhibit this recovery.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Judit Catala-Solsona, Alfredo J. Minano-Molina, Jose Rodriguez-Alvarez
Summary: This review highlights the importance of transcription factors in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, focusing on the role of Nr4a2 in the hippocampus. The dysregulation of Nr4a2 may contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, suggesting it as a potential novel therapeutic target for cognitive dysfunctions associated with brain pathologies.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pilar Simmons, Christa Corley, Antino R. Allen
Summary: Understanding the effects of H-1 exposure on hippocampal-dependent cognition is crucial for developing protective strategies for future missions. Research on female mice subjected to H-1 irradiation showed no impairment in spatial or short-term memory.
Article
Ecology
Alexander Lalejini, Austin J. Ferguson, Nkrumah A. Grant, Charles Ofria
Summary: Populations with adaptive phenotypic plasticity undergo less evolutionary change than non-plastic populations, making it easier for them to retain new adaptive traits. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity helps stabilize populations against environmental fluctuations.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Baran Askari, Bonnie H. Lee, Kathryn Darby, Cypress Knudson, Alyssa M. Ash, Desiree R. Seib, Delane F. Espinueva, Jason S. Snyder
Summary: Adult-born neurons in the hippocampus contribute to spatial learning, especially in stressful conditions, and exhibit sex differences in their behavioral functions. This study found that ablating neurogenesis had different effects on male and female rats in cold water, with males showing slower maze escape and females showing faster escape. Neurogenesis also influenced search strategy differently in males and females, and male rats displayed greater experience-dependent plasticity compared to females.
Article
Biology
Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato, Giulia Montalbano, Cristiano Bertolucci
Summary: Animal species, including humans, exhibit individual variability in cognition that is difficult to explain. This study demonstrates that cognitive plasticity contributes to this variability. The results show that guppies exposed to different levels of resource predictability develop different cognitive abilities, suggesting that adaptive cognitive plasticity is a key determinant of cognitive individual differences.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
S. P. Bonser
Summary: Plasticity in fitness and performance traits is crucial for plant adaptation to changing environments, but the misinterpretation of plastic responses highlights the need for guidelines in interpreting adaptive responses.
Article
Biology
Nicolas Diekmann, Sen Cheng, Payam Piray
Summary: Replay of neuronal sequences in the hippocampus during resting states and sleep is important for learning and memory consolidation. A stochastic replay mechanism that prioritizes experiences based on experience strength, similarity, and inhibition of return leads to better performance in training reinforcement learning agents.
Article
Neurosciences
Wei Sun, Yang Yang, Zexiang Wu, Xiao Chen, Wen Li, Lei An
Summary: Exposure to cyanuric acid (CA) induced depression in hippocampal synaptic function but did not affect spatial memory retention in Morris water maze test in rats. The study provides evidence for the neurotoxic effect of CA and insights into its potential mechanisms.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Chang Cai, Yuanshun Long, Sanjay Ghosh, Ali Hashemi, Yijing Gao, Mithun Diwakar, Stefan Haufe, Kensuke Sekihara, Wei Wu, Srikantan S. Nagarajan
Summary: This study introduces a novel framework for minimum variance adaptive beamformers in reconstructing complex brain source activity from MEG or EEG. By utilizing a sparse Bayesian learning algorithm to learn the model data covariance, the framework effectively removes influence from correlated brain sources and is robust to noise and interference. Experimental results with simulations and real datasets demonstrate accurate reconstruction of highly correlated sources and sufficient suppression of interference and noise. The algorithm achieves efficient run times and allows for high-resolution reconstruction.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2023)