Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Deloison, Chloe Arthuis, Gabriel Benchimol, Daniel Balvay, Laurence Bussieres, Anne-Elodie Millischer, David Grevent, Cecile Butor, Gihad Chalouhi, Houman Mahallati, Olivier Helenon, Bertrand Tavitian, Olivier Clement, Yves Ville, Nathalie Siauve, Laurent Julien Salomon
Summary: The study evaluated the feasibility of using DCE MRI to measure placental perfusion in women, finding that fetuses affected by IUGR had significantly lower total placental blood flow values compared to AGA fetuses. Additionally, DCE perfusion parameters showed a linear correlation with gestational age.
Article
Physiology
Juulia Lanttao, Tiina Erkinaro, Mervi Haapsamo, Heikki Huhta, Leena Alanne, Merja Kokki, Pasi Ohtonen, Amarnath Bhide, Ganesh Acharya, Juha Rasanen
Summary: In cases of fetal hypoxemia with intact placental circulation, peripheral chemoreflex is activated, leading to an increase in descending aorta blood pressure, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and an increase in retrograde diastolic AoI blood flow, while both ventricular cardiac outputs remain stable. However, perfusion pressure in the cerebral circulation decreases even during prolonged hypoxemia and significant metabolic acidosis. Weight-indexed LVCO or AoI Net Flow ratio does not correlate with a drop in carotid artery blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Developmental Biology
Joanna Chappell, Rosalind Aughwane, Alys R. Clark, Sebastien Ourselin, Anna L. David, Andrew Melbourne
Summary: Understanding and quantifying the differences in structure and function between a normally functioning placenta compared to an abnormal placenta is vital for treatment options for fetal growth restriction and other placental disorders. Computational modelling of blood flow in the placenta allows a new understanding of the placental circulation to be obtained. This review discusses recent methods for placental vascular model development and simulation of placental haemodynamics at multiple length scales.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yingying Zhang, Ziyang Sheng, Qiaozhu Chen, Anni Zhou, Jiaying Cao, Feiyang Xue, Yanzhen Ye, Na Wu, Na Gao, Dongying Fan, Libo Liu, Yuetong Li, Peigang Wang, Li Liang, Deshan Zhou, Fuchun Zhang, Fang Li, Jing An
Summary: This study found that fetal growth restriction caused by dengue virus infection in pregnant mice was mainly due to the destruction of placental vasculature. Neutrophil infiltration disrupted the expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases, leading to placental vascular dysfunction. This indicates that intervening in aberrant neutrophil infiltration may be an important therapeutic target for adverse pregnancy outcomes in dengue virus infection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
C. M. van Kammen, S. J. van Woudenberg, R. Schiffelers, F. Terstappen, A. T. Lely
Summary: Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are pregnancy complications that can be treated with nanomedicines, which regulate drug interaction with the placenta to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize fetal exposure. Liposomes and polymeric drug delivery systems show promising results in preventing trans-placental passage of nanomedicines, while quantum dots and silicon nanoparticles have limited research in placental insufficiency syndromes. Animal studies demonstrate positive effects on maternal and fetal health, but results are influenced by various factors. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of these complex diseases and ensure the safety and efficacy of nanomedicines before clinical implementation.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yujia Qi, Marcus Roper
Summary: The arrangement and ratio of arterioles and venules in the cerebral cortex can impact the efficiency of energy delivery to neurons, with an optimal ratio balancing size and number of low-flow regions. Changes in vascular conductance can reshape these regions in complex ways, presenting geometric challenges for matching cortical perfusion with neuronal activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Satoru Ikenoue, Feizal Waffarn, Masanao Ohashi, Mamoru Tanaka, Daniel L. Gillen, Claudia Buss, Sonja Entringer, Pathik D. Wadhwa
Summary: The study found that placental corticotrophin-releasing hormone in late gestation may influence fetal liver blood flow, which could be significant in clinical investigations of fetal growth and body composition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Mair Zamir, D. Michael Nelson, Yehuda Ginosar
Summary: During pregnancy, a major increase in uteroplacental blood flow is achieved through the geometric transformation of uterine spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion, which significantly reduces resistance to flow, critical for normal pregnancy. Our research identifies key variables in this hemodynamic change and establishes a numerical threshold for adequate trophoblast invasion, potentially serving as a diagnostic marker for high-risk pregnancies in the future.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Robert A. Fisher, J. Scott Miners, Seth Love
Summary: This review discusses the role of cerebrovascular disease in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the changes in vascular structure and function and their impact on disease pathology and cognitive decline. It highlights the contribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, non-amyloid small vessel disease, abnormalities in the neurovascular unit, and impairment of the blood-brain barrier to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, it explores how changes in the cerebral vasculature impair Aβ clearance and increase Aβ production.
Article
Neurosciences
Brahmdeep S. Saini, Jack R. T. Darby, Davide Marini, Sharon Portnoy, Mitchell C. Lock, Jia Yin Soo, Stacey L. Holman, Sunthara R. Perumal, Rachel M. Wald, Rory Windrim, Christopher K. Macgowan, John C. Kingdom, Janna L. Morrison, Mike Seed
Summary: The study demonstrates that using MRI to measure blood flow and oxygen content in utero can reliably quantify uteroplacental and fetal oxygen delivery and consumption in both humans and sheep, providing a comprehensive assessment of placental function. This approach offers a novel clinical test for placental function evaluation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ilaria Fantasia, Sofia Bussolaro, Tamara Stampalija, Daniel L. Rolnik
Summary: Placental insufficiency can lead to various complications in pregnancy, and melatonin may play an important role in this condition, but more research is needed to confirm this. Current studies have found that the circadian pattern of melatonin secretion may be altered in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, and melatonin treatment may be beneficial in prolonging gestation and improving outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Elsa Wilma Boehm, Norbert Pfeiffer, Felix Mathias Wagner, Adrian Gericke
Summary: Disturbances of retinal perfusion are involved in various ocular diseases, and knowledge of ocular vascular anatomy and function is important for research and treatment. The retinal vasculature consists of different layers, and detecting changes in blood flow and vessel diameter is crucial for understanding vascular diseases. Various methods have been used to evaluate retinal blood flow, but no gold standard has been established. Studies in humans and laboratory animals, especially genetically modified mice, are necessary for further analysis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Grace M. McBride, Ashley S. Meakin, Jia Yin Soo, Jack R. T. Darby, Tamara J. Varcoe, Emma L. Bradshaw, Mitchell C. Lock, Stacey L. Holman, Brahmdeep S. Saini, Christopher K. Macgowan, Mike Seed, Mary J. Berry, Michael D. Wiese, Janna L. Morrison
Summary: The study found significant differences in the activity of maternal and fetal hepatic CYP enzymes in IUGR pregnancies, with increased maternal drug metabolism. This suggests that adjustments to medications and doses may be necessary in IUGR to ensure the health of both the mother and the fetus.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hesam Movassagh, Yuliya Halchenko, Vanitha Sampath, Unni C. Nygaard, Brian Jackson, David Robbins, Zhigang Li, Kari C. Nadeau, Margaret R. Karagas
Summary: The study found that gestational exposure to mercury concentrations may alter the frequency of cord blood T cells and placental gene expression, potentially leading to immunotoxic effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sreenithi Santhakumar, Eunice S. Edison
Summary: This review summarizes the mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in maternal-fetal iron transport and placental iron regulation. Animal and human studies are discussed, and the role of placental iron regulation in thalassemia and hemochromatosis pregnancies is reviewed.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Lowell Davis, James Musso, Divya Soman, Samantha Louey, Jonathan W. Nelson, Sonnet S. Jonker
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Natasha N. Chattergoon, Samantha Louey, Thomas Scanlan, Isa Lindgren, George D. Giraud, Kent L. Thornburg
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2019)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg, Kevin S. Kolahi, Amy M. Valent
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2019)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg, Natasha N. Chattergoon
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kent L. Thornburg, Rachel Drake, Amy M. Valent
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonnet S. Jonker, George D. Giraud, Eileen Chang, Miriam R. Elman, Samantha Louey
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel R. Drake, Samantha Louey, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: In a sheep model of intrauterine growth restriction, impaired cardiac fatty acid metabolism was observed, leading to compromised lipid processing. Key genes regulating fatty acid metabolism were suppressed in IUGR myocardium, while protein levels remained unchanged, suggesting adaptive protection of myocardial enzymes under conditions of placental insufficiency.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
James M. Roberts, Dominik Heider, Lina Bergman, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: Understanding, predicting, and preventing pregnancy disorders has been a challenging task with limited progress. The failure is attributed to narrow research training, lack of imagination and innovation, and limitation in research approaches. To overcome these barriers, it is suggested to adopt novel approaches, assess pregnancy longitudinally, redefine pregnancy disorders by pathophysiology, and utilize state-of-the-art experimental and analytical techniques.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ornella Manfra, Samantha Louey, Sonnet S. Jonker, Harmonie Perdreau-Dahl, Michael Frisk, George D. Giraud, Kent L. Thornburg, William E. Louch
Summary: During fetal development in sheep, increasing fetal systolic load and blood pressure promotes t-tubule growth, as well as the assembly of L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. This process is regulated by the expression of crucial proteins such as junctophilin-2 and BIN1.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Natasha Chattergoon, Samantha Louey, Sonnet S. Jonker, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: Cardiac metabolic substrate preference shifts at parturition from carbohydrates to fatty acids. Thyroid hormone and palmitic acid can stimulate fetal cardiomyocyte oxidative metabolism capacity, but prolonged exposure to palmitic acid may impair their oxidative capacity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alicia White, Samantha Louey, Eileen I. Chang, Brit H. Boehmer, David Goldstrohm, Sonnet S. Jonker, Paul J. Rozance
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2018)