Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alicia Garcia-Culebras, Maria Isabel Cuartero, Carolina Pena-Martinez, Ana Moraga, Sandra Vazquez-Reyes, Francisco Javier de Castro-Millan, Marta Cortes-Canteli, Ignacio Lizasoain, Maria Angeles Moro
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that the peripheral immune system is involved in cognitive impairment-related pathologies such as vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review focuses on summarizing the implications of different types of myeloid cells in AD and VD within the peripheral immune system, with a special emphasis on post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID). The contributions of myeloid cells, both peripheral (neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages) and central nervous system-associated (perivascular macrophages and microglia), will be reviewed. Additionally, potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of pathological processes involving myeloid cell subsets, such as neutrophils and immunothrombosis, will be evaluated as potential therapeutic avenues for dementia.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leszek Szablewski
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, with aging being a main risk factor. Impairment of brain energy and glucose hypometabolism are hallmarks of the disease. There are several hypotheses on the role of glucose hypometabolism in AD, but further investigations are needed on this subject.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rainer Kaiser, Raphael Escaig, Johanna Erber, Leo Nicolai
Summary: Neutrophils and platelets, two abundant cell types in peripheral blood, play important roles in immune responses and clot formation in cardiovascular diseases. This review describes their physical interactions, the impact of release of granule contents on each other, and their contribution to thromboinflammation in COVID-19. Targeting neutrophil-platelet interactions may provide a novel treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorenzo Falsetti, Giovanna Viticchi, Vincenzo Zaccone, Emanuele Guerrieri, Gianluca Moroncini, Simona Luzzi, Mauro Silvestrini
Summary: This paper reviewed the shared molecular pathways between adult-onset AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBBb, finding that VRF and NVUd/BBBb are involved in neurovascular and neurodegenerative pathology of AD and share several molecular pathways. Early detection and correction of VRF and vascular disease by improving NVUd/BBBd could be a potential target to reduce the overall incidence and delay cognitive impairment in AD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingyuan Ya, Ulvi Bayraktutan
Summary: Ageing is the biggest risk factor for poor health, affecting the integrity and function of cells, tissues, and organs. Vascular ageing, characterized by stiffness, dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis, contributes to millions of deaths annually in Europe. Recent studies focus on the accumulation of senescent cells in the vascular system and their role in vascular ageing, as well as the effect of other risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Various interventions have been developed, but specific guidelines for their use are needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Paula Ferrer-Raventos, Katrin Beyer
Summary: Platelets play a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in Alzheimer's disease, through different activation pathways. Besides modulating immune response, platelets also participate in synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Blossom C. M. Stephan, Denise M. Gaughan, Steven Edland, Villi Gudnason, Lenore J. Launer, Lon R. White
Summary: In this study, neuropathological-based risk scores were used to predict clinical dementia, and different models were identified for predicting neurodegenerative and vascular neuropathology. The findings suggest that there may be shared risk factors and pathways across dementia-related lesions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Zhi-Chao Chen, Jinghuan Gan, Yaqi Yang, Qingbo Meng, Jiuyan Han, Yong Ji
Summary: This study found no significant difference in VRFs between autopsy-confirmed DLB and AD, but AD patients had higher rates of microinfarcts and amyloid angiopathy. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in DLB was specifically correlated with memory and language. CAA pathology played an important role in DLB, and there were differences in CAA pathology between groups with high and intermediate likelihood of DLB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cassandre Palix, Francesca Felisatti, Julie Gonneaud, Elizabeth Kuhn, Florence Mezenge, Brigitte Landeau, Anne Chocat, Anne Quillard, Stephanie Egret, Marion Delarue, Vincent De La Sayette, Denis Vivien, Gael Chetelat, Geraldine Poisnel
Summary: The study indicates a significant relationship between vascular risk factors such as hyperglycemia and platelet hyperactivation and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher glycemia levels are associated with neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired adults and AD patients, while increased mean platelet volume (MPV) is linked to specific brain region atrophy in AD patients.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rebecca F. Gottesman, Sudha Seshadri
Summary: This article summarizes the relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, while also exploring their impact on brain health. It emphasizes the importance of genes and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as the influence of social determinants of health on brain health outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin B. Tournier, Silvia Sorce, Antoine Marteyn, Roberta Ghidoni, Luisa Benussi, Giuliano Binetti, Francois R. Herrmann, Karl-Heinz Krause, Dina Zekry
Summary: This study investigates the links between CCR5 deficiency, neuronal sensitivity to oxidative stress, and the development of dementia. The results show that CCR5-& UDelta;32 allele, when combined with ApoE & epsilon;4, increases the risk for dementia, particularly vascular dementia. Additionally, Ccr5 deficiency in mice neurons leads to increased vulnerability to oxidative stress-induced cell death, suggesting a possible mechanism contributing to dementia.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Dongze Chen, Xinpei Wang, Tao Huang, Jinzhu Jia
Summary: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically related to sleep-related phenotypes, including insomnia, snoring, and sleep duration. Functional analysis and transcriptome-wide association study identified shared genes enriched in immune disorders and lipid metabolism pathways. Potential drug targets and molecular pathways were also identified for targeted treatment.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Manuel Glauco Carbone, Giovanni Pagni, Claudia Tagliarini, Bruno Pietro Imbimbo, Nunzio Pomara
Summary: Platelet activation is closely associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular diseases, and may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. Intervening with platelet activation may represent a promising adjunct therapeutic approach for AD.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tao -Ran Li, Feng-Qi Liu
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant burden on families and society. Platelets play a role in the deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and the progression of AD. The activation of platelets leads to the secretion of Aβ, which promotes amyloid deposition. The relationship between platelet activation and AD is influenced by vascular factors.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Antonio Terracciano, Damaris Aschwanden, Luca Passamonti, Nicola Toschi, Yannick Stephan, Martina Luchetti, Ji Hyun Lee, Amanda Sesker, Paraic S. O'Suilleabhain, Angelina R. Sutin
Summary: Neuroticism is associated with a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia, AD, and VD, but not FTD. This pattern suggests that the emotional symptoms that distinguish dementia types may partly reflect premorbid differences in trait neuroticism.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Simon Tual-Chalot, Konstantinos Stellos
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Luca Liberale, Alexander Akhmedov, Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Nicole R. Bonetti, Vanasa Nageswaran, Melroy X. Miranda, Yustina M. Puspitasari, Lena Schwarz, Sarah Costantino, Francesco Paneni, Jurg H. Beer, Frank Ruschitzka, Fabrizio Montecucco, Thomas F. Luscher, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Konstantinos Stellos, Giovanni G. Camici
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of SIRT5 in arterial thrombus formation by modulating the activation of the fibrinolysis system through regulating the expression of PAI-1 in endothelial cells. Therefore, SIRT5 may be an interesting therapeutic target in the context of atherothrombotic events.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Maria G. Tektonidou, Evrydiki Kravvariti, Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Aimilia Mantzou, Petros P. Sfikakis, Konstantinos Stellos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos
Summary: In patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), elevated plasma levels of Aβ40 are associated with adverse thrombo-inflammatory profile, and independently correlated with recurrent arterial events. Aβ40 levels provide additional value in improving the discrimination ability for recurrent arterial thromboses over the validated risk score aGAPSS in APS.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Monika Gladka, Konstantinos Stellos
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Irene Lambrinoudaki, Dimitrios Delialis, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Simon Tual-Chalot, Nikolaos I. Vlachogiannis, Raphael Patras, Evmorfia Aivalioti, Eleni Armeni, Areti Augoulea, Nikolaos Tsoltos, Anastasia Soureti, Konstantinos Stellos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos
Summary: Elevated levels of Alpha beta 1-40 may be associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Patterns of persistently high or increasing Alpha beta 1-40 levels could be linked to accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis progression.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Efstathios Kastritis, Ageliki Laina, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Despina Fotiou, Nikolaos Kanellias, Ioanna Dialoupi, Nikolaos Makris, Efstathios Manios, Magdalini Migkou, Maria Roussou, Maria Kotsopoulou, Konstantinos Stellos, Evangelos Terpos, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Summary: Carfilzomib treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma impairs endothelial function and is associated with cardiovascular adverse events. Lower baseline FMD and a significant decrease in FMD during the first treatment cycle may predict the occurrence of CVAEs.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aikaterini Gatsiou, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Nikolaos I. Vlachogiannis, Larissa Pfisterer, Ariane Fischer, Marco Sachse, Ageliki Laina, Francesca Bonini, Dimitrios Delialis, Simon Tual-Chalot, Eleftherios Zormpas, Rawlings Achangwa, Longchang Jiang, Christos Kontogiannis, Raphael Patras, Heiko Hermeking, Andreas M. Zeiher, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Stefanie Dimmeler, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: The study revealed that miR-34a and miR-34c are associated with coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis in humans, highlighting the clinical significance of miR-34a/b/c in vascular aging and atherosclerotic vascular disease. The mechanistic findings showed that miR-34a and miR-34c control SIRT1 and JAG1, respectively, indicating a role in disease pathogenesis.
Review
Immunology
Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Kleio-Maria Verrou, Konstantinos Stellos, Petros P. Sfikakis, Dimitrios Paraskevis
Summary: RNA editing, specifically A-to-I and C-to-U deamination, can have significant effects on RNA viruses and host immune responses. Evidence suggests potential RNA editing in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, with implications for viral replication and immune response modulation. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of RNA editing on SARS-CoV-2.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Luke Spray, Catherine Park, Suzanne Cormack, Ashfaq Mohammed, Pedram Panahi, Stephen Boag, Karim Bennaceur, Kateryna Sopova, Gavin Richardson, Verena M. Stangl, Lavinia Rech, Peter P. Rainer, Gustavo Campos Ramos, Ulrich Hofmann, Konstantinos Stellos, Ioakim Spyridopoulos
Summary: Latent CMV infection is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes, with CMV+ patients showing more adverse LV remodeling possibly due to loss of CX(3)CR1(+) T-cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
B. Sobolewska, B. Fehrenbacher, P. Muenzer, H. Kalbacher, S. Geue, Konstantinos Stellos, M. Schaller, F. Ziemssen
Summary: This study found that all three anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab) can be taken up by platelets and localized in different compartments. The co-localization with VEGF may lead to higher local exposure after platelet activation. Additionally, clathrin-coated vesicles seem to play a more prominent role in the transport of bevacizumab compared to the other two agents.
JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Aikaterini Gatsiou, Kateryna Sopova, Alexandros Tselepis, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: Platelets are immune cells known for their haemostatic properties and play a key role in vascular regeneration and angiogenesis by releasing growth factors. The IL-17A/IL-17RA axis selectively induces the release of pro-angiogenic factors from platelets, affecting endothelial cells and driving them towards a pro-angiogenic state.
Article
Immunology
Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Simon Tual-Chalot, Eleftherios Zormpas, Francesca Bonini, Panagiotis A. Ntouros, Maria Pappa, Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia, Maria G. Tektonidou, Vassilis L. Souliotis, Clio P. Mavragani, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Petros P. Sfikakis, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: This study demonstrates that ADAR1p150-mediated A-to-I RNA editing is critically involved in type I IFN responses in systemic sclerosis patients, highlighting the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in proinflammatory gene expression in autoimmune diseases such as SSc.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaos I. Vlachogiannis, Marco Sachse, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Eleftherios Zormpas, Dimitrios Bampatsias, Dimitrios Delialis, Francesca Bonini, George Galyfos, Fragiska Sigala, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: NEAT1 lncRNA expression is increased in atherosclerosis-related diseases, and may be controlled through ADAR1-catalyzed A-to-I RNA editing to regulate its stability.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Kenneth F. Baker, Giusy Tiseo, Dimitrios Delialis, Charalampos Lazaridis, Greta Barbieri, Stefano Masi, Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Kateryna Sopova, Alessandro Mengozzi, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Ina Schim van der Loeff, Aidan T. Hanrath, Bajram Ajdini, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Marco Falcone, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: Accurate risk stratification is crucial in guiding therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 patients. This study found that estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, provided additional prognostic value beyond established risk factors and scores in risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The optimal prognostic ePWV value was 13.0 m/s, suggesting its potential as a clinical tool for refining risk stratification in these patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaos A. Diakos, Iosif Taleb, Christos P. Kyriakopoulos, Kevin S. Shah, Hadi Javan, Tyler J. Richins, Michael Y. Yin, Chi-Gang Yen, Elizabeth Dranow, Michael J. Bonios, Rami Alharethi, Antigone G. Koliopoulou, Mariam Taleb, James C. Fang, Craig H. Selzman, Konstantinos Stellos, Stavros G. Drakos
Summary: In patients with advanced heart failure, baseline myocardial and systemic inflammatory burden inversely correlates with cardiac improvement following LVAD support. Results indicate that low levels of specific cytokines can independently predict cardiac improvement post LVAD support based on inflammatory marker measurements.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
