Article
Psychiatry
Takeshi Inoue, Kohei Togashi, Jumpei Iwanami, Douglas W. Woods, Ryoichi Sakuta
Summary: This study assessed the preliminary efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of remotely administered group comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (RG-CBIT) in Japan. The results showed that RG-CBIT had satisfactory outcomes in reducing tic severity, as well as high attendance rates and favorable process measurement scores.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Wen Xu, Qiang Ding, Ying Zhao, Wenqing Jiang, Jingjing Han, Jinhua Sun
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the adaptability of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) for a Chinese population, and to evaluate the efficacy of combined CBIT and pharmacotherapy (CBIT + PT) compared to CBIT or pharmacotherapy (PT) alone for reducing tics and improving the quality of life (QoL) in Chinese children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). The results showed that CBIT was effective in reducing tic severity in Chinese children with tic disorders, but CBIT + PT may not be superior to CBIT alone in reducing tic severity and improving quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Crncec, Anna Xenia Pick, Owen Tsao, Richard Lai, Janette Lee, Paul F. Sowman
Summary: This study investigated the clinical effectiveness of Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics (CBIT) in reducing tic severity in patients with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS), and explored the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with clinical change. The results demonstrated significant clinical improvements in tic severity with CBIT, and suggested a role for motor cortical Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibitory circuitry in the neurophysiological changes underlying CBIT treatment.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Morand-Beaulieu, Michael J. Crowley, Heidi Grantz, James F. Leckman, Lawrence Scahill, Denis G. Sukhodolsky
Summary: Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is an effective treatment for Tourette syndrome (TS), but its underlying brain mechanisms are not well understood. This study found no association between EEG coherence during a Go/NoGo task and CBIT outcome, suggesting that the brain processes involved in motor response inhibition may not play a role in CBIT.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martina Haas, Ewgeni Jakubovski, Katja Kunert, Carolin Fremer, Nadine Buddensiek, Sebastian Haeckl, Martina Lenz-Ziegenbein, Richard Musil, Veit Roessner, Alexander Muenchau, Irene Neuner, Armin Koch, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl
Summary: Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line therapy for tics, but its availability is limited due to a lack of qualified therapists. This study suggests that internet-delivered, therapist-independent CBIT intervention (iCBIT) is superior to placebo in treating tics, and the treatment effects of iCBIT even increase over time.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Noa Gur, Sharon Zimmerman-Brenner, Aviva Fattal-Valevski, Michael Rotstein, Tammy Pilowsky Peleg
Summary: There is increasing evidence suggesting that behavioral techniques, such as Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT), are effective in managing tics in youth with Tourette syndrome and tics disorders (TDs). This study aimed to explore the contribution of CBIT to cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation beyond tic control. The findings revealed that following CBIT intervention, cognitive inhibition and cognitive reappraisal significantly increased. These results suggest that CBIT may have a broader impact on improving cognitive and emotional regulation abilities.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jessica Frey, Irene A. Malaty
Summary: This article reviews the current treatments for Tourette syndrome (TS) and discusses emerging therapies. Recent studies have shown promising results in behavioral therapies, pharmacological treatments, and neuromodulation approaches. These new options may provide hope for future treatment of TS patients.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Lilach Rachamim, Sharon Zimmerman-Brenner, Osnat Rachamim, Hila Mualem, Netanel Zingboim, Michael Rotstein
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an Internet-based, self-help CBIT program guided by parents with minimal therapist support delivered via telepsychotherapy. The results demonstrated significant improvement in tic disorders among youth using the ICBIT program, and the treatment was able to be delivered continuously during the COVID-19 pandemic.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chih-Yi Chou, Julian Agin-Liebes, Sheng-Han Kuo
Summary: Tourette syndrome, the most prevalent hyperkinetic movement disorder in children, has remained largely obscure in terms of its pathomechanism. Recent studies have shed light on this condition, revealing a reduction in frontal cortical volume and long range connectivity to the frontal lobe from other parts of the brain. Several genes have also been associated with Tourette syndrome. Multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including behavioral and pharmacological therapy, are needed. Alternative therapies and new therapies tested in clinical trials show promising results.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Douglas W. Woods, Michael B. Himle, Jordan T. Stiede, Brandon X. Pitts
Summary: Over the past decade, behavioral interventions have gained recognition as effective first-line therapies for individuals with tic disorders. This article provides a theoretical framework for understanding the application of these interventions for treating tics and describes the three primary interventions with strong empirical support. It summarizes research on the efficacy and delivery formats of these interventions and discusses possible mechanisms of change and future research areas.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Erica Greenberg, Caroline Albright, Margaret Hall, Susanne Hoeppner, Sarah Miller, Alyssa Farley, Michelle Silverman, Valerie Braddick, Susan Sprich, Sabine Wilhelm
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a modified comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (MCBIT) therapy for youths with chronic tic disorders (CTDs), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and associated psychosocial impairment. The results showed that MCBIT treatment is feasible and acceptable for youths with CTD and ADHD, and is similarly well tolerated relative to traditional comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT). However, there were no significant differences between MCBIT and CBIT in terms of treatment outcomes. The study recommends further investigation of novel behavioral approaches that can target tics and related conditions simultaneously and successfully.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Steffen Moritz, Danielle Penney, Stella Schmotz
Summary: This study examines the usefulness of decoupling, a behavioral self-help treatment, in a patient with Tourette syndrome. The results show that decoupling is effective in reducing eye tics, but not effective for other symptoms. The study suggests that decoupling can be considered as an alternative treatment when habit reversal training is not feasible.
BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xuanzi Zhou, Zhaoying Liao, Yi Li, Nanqing Wang, Nong Xiao
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed 126 children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (TS) at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2019 to 2021. The treatment included tiapride (n = 60) and topiramate (n = 66). The results showed that both tiapride and topiramate significantly reduced tic severity scores, with topiramate showing better results. Furthermore, medication led to significant reduction in five subscores of CPRS in TS patients. However, there was no significant difference in CBCL scores after treatment in both tiapride and topiramate groups.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Morten Bekk, Karete J. Meland, Erna Moen, Liv I. Nostvik, Anne-Line Gausdal, Benjamin Hummelen
Summary: This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of group-based CBIT for adults with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders, and found that it can significantly reduce tic severity and impairment, as well as improve tic-related quality of life.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Friedrich, Tina Rawish, Annet Bluschke, Christian Frings, Christian Beste, Alexander Muenchau
Summary: European clinical guidelines recommend the use of ERP and CBIT as first-line treatments for tic disorders. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms behind these behavioral interventions are poorly understood, which is crucial for tailoring interventions to individual patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachel E. Sondergaard, Nicholas D. J. Strzalkowski, Liu Shi Gan, Yamile Jasaui, Sarah Furtado, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Justyna R. Sarna, Laura Avanzino, Zelma H. T. Kiss, Davide Martino
Summary: The study investigated cerebellar connectivity in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and its association with clinical features. The authors found that CBI efficiency was significantly correlated with worsening CD clinical severity at the 5 ms ISI, suggesting dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract in this disorder.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Davide Martino, Irene Malaty, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl, Elaheh Nosratmirshekarlou, Tamara M. Pringsheim, David Shprecher, Christos Ganos
Summary: There is currently a lack of standardized definition for treatment failure in the management of tics, leading to unnecessary interventions. Through a Delphi approach, an expert consensus-based definition for treatment failure of tics was achieved. The definition is divided into behavioral and pharmacological treatments, with core components including lack of efficacy, adherence, and tolerability.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
John D. Haltigan, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Gayathiri Rajkumar
Summary: There is a growing concern among medical and psychological professionals, as well as the general public, about the trend of child and adolescent users of audiovisual-based, algorithmic social media platforms (e.g., TikTok) claiming to have functional psychiatric impairment that does not align with traditional psychiatric diagnoses. This article provides a historical overview and proposes a conceptual model to guide research on this transdiagnostic phenomenon. The implications of this model for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. Urgent empirical research is needed to investigate this concerning phenomenon in relation to the broader study of social media's impact on mental health.
COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Christos Ganos, Christelle Nilles, Andrea E. E. Cavanna, Donald L. L. Gilbert, Erica Greenberg, Andreas Hartmann, Tammy Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Holan Liang, Irene Malaty, Osman Malik, Nanette Mol Debes, Kirsten Muller Vahl, Alexander Munchau, Tara Murphy, Peter Nagy, Tamsin Owen, Renata Rizzo, Liselotte Skov, Jeremy Stern, Natalia Szejko, Yulia Worbe, Davide Martino
Summary: In 2020, there was a significant increase in referrals for young people with rapid onset of severe tic-like behaviors. A working group was formed to develop clinical criteria for the diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) to aid in recognition and diagnosis by healthcare professionals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Davide Martino, Vikram Karnik, Roongroj A. Bhidayasiri, Deborah A. A. Hall, Robert A. Hauser, Antonella M. Macerollo, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Daniel A. Truong, Stewart A. Factor, Matej Skorvanek, Anette Schrag, IPMDS Rating Scales Review Comm
Summary: An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society subcommittee aimed to rate the psychometric quality of severity and screening instruments for antipsychotic-associated movement disorders. They identified 23 instruments, of which 7 severity rating instruments and 3 screening instruments were recommended with caveats due to insufficient psychometric properties and long duration of administration. New psychometric studies and revision of existing instruments are recommended to address these caveats and improve the clarity of their nomenclature.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Elise G. Martin, Jananee Rasiah, Curtis S. Claassen, Jennifer Waywitka, Anne M. Merritt, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Kathleen A. Shearer, Vivian W. L. Tsang, Katherine E. Stevens, Cole E. Sheehan-Klassen, Perle Suddaby, Serena L. Orr
Summary: Youth and parent engagement is crucial in clinical research to improve its quality and relevance. This article presents a case-based example of engaging youth and parent partners in designing a questionnaire on pediatric headache treatments and summarizes best practices in patient and family engagement. The integration of a youth and parent engagement plan significantly improved the content validity of the questionnaire.
PAEDIATRICS & CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christelle Nilles, Gabriel Amorelli, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Davide Martino
Summary: Tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless legs are different types of abnormal movements that can be discrete, unwanted, and potentially disabling. The ability to control or inhibit these motor patterns varies among individuals. It is important for physicians to distinguish between these involuntary motor behaviors due to differences in causes and management approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless leg syndrome.
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Christelle Nilles, Lindsay Berg, Cassidy Fleming, Davide Martino, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This scoping review aimed to explore the similarities and differences between stuttering and tics in terms of epidemiology, comorbidities, phenomenology, evolution, physiopathology, and treatment. The results showed that stuttering and tics share similarities in epidemiology, phenomenology, comorbidity, and management, suggesting common risk factors and physiopathology. Physical concomitants in stuttering commonly involve facial movements, while disfluencies in TS have a distinct pattern with a majority of typical disfluencies and a mix of other behaviors.
JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Julian Fletcher, Davide Martino, Frank MacMaster, Gabrielle Wilcox, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: The Tourette OCD Alberta Network (TOAN) supports mental health therapists in improving the care for patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and OCD in Alberta. We assessed the professional development needs of healthcare workers and developed a continuing professional development (CPD) webinar series based on evidence-based knowledge about TS and OCD. The webinars, consisting of twelve live sessions, were attended by an average of 63 healthcare workers and resulted in a positive knowledge gain. The educational program will need to adapt to the evolving clinical understanding of TS and OCD.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Poornima Jayadev Menon, Christelle Nilles, Laura Silveira-Moriyama, Ruiyi Yuan, Claudio M. de Gusmao, Alexander Muenchau, Miryam Carecchio, Steve Grossman, Gay Grossman, Aurelie Meneret, Emmanuel Roze, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This scoping review summarizes the available clinical literature on ADCY5-RMD. Patients with ADCY5-RMD experience permanent and/or paroxysmal hyperkinetic movements, which can be worsened by environmental triggers. Treatment options are limited, but caffeine, benzodiazepines, and deep brain stimulation have shown some effectiveness.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christelle Nilles, Davide Martino, Julian Fletcher, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This study investigated the phenomenology of tics in children and adolescents and found that age and sex can influence tic presentation. The most common simple motor tics were eye blinking, head jerks/movements, eye movements, and mouth movements; 86% had at least one simple facial tic. Tic-related compulsive behaviors were the most frequent complex motor tics. Throat clearing was the most common simple phonic tic, and only 5% had coprolalia.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Amit Batla, Ali Shalash, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Carlos Cosentino, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Jennifer Friedman, Jean-Pierre Lin, Jonathan Mink, Alexander Munchau, Daniela Munoz, Nardo Nardocci, Belen Perez-Duenas, Zomer Sardar, Chahnez Triki, Hilla Ben-Pazi, Laura Silveira-Moriyama, Monica Troncoso-Schifferli, Kyoko Hoshino, Russell C. Dale, Victor S. C. Fung, Manju A. Kurian, Emmanuel Roze
Summary: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) established a working group to provide recommendations for the transition process from pediatric to adult healthcare systems for patients with childhood-onset movement disorders. Through a multi-round, web-based Delphi survey, the group developed recommendations related to team composition and structure, planning and readiness, goals of care, and administration and research.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Lauren E. Hirsch, Tamara Pringsheim
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Sarah Benish, Cynthia Harden, Lyell Jones, Pushpa Narayanaswami, Anup Patel, Sonja Potrebic, Alex Rae-Grant, Amy Sanders, Adam Webb, Heidi B. Schwarz
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaclyn M. Martindale, Harini Sarva, Davide Martino, Donald L. Gilbert, Christos Ganos, Tamara Pringsheim, Kevin Black, Irene A. Malaty
Summary: Based on expert opinion and literature review, this study discusses the barriers to the implementation of practice guidelines in the clinical care of patients with persistent tic disorders. The objectives are to identify divergences from existing guidelines and to identify categories of barriers leading to these gaps in clinical care.
