Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tibor Docsa, Adam Sipos, Charles S. Cox, Karen Uray
Summary: Feeding intolerance and ileus are common complications in critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, leading to longer hospital stays, increased infections, readmission rates, and medical costs. Current medical treatment for ileus is ineffective and has serious side effects. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the development of ileus, but their direct effects on gastrointestinal cells are not well understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
David Blum, Susanne de Wolf-Linder, Rolf Oberholzer, Michael Brandle, Thomas Hundsberger, Florian Strasser
Summary: In this study, the use of ghrelin in improving nutritional intake in advanced cancer patients was investigated. The results showed that ghrelin had variable effects on appetite and eating-related symptoms, as well as a positive impact on patient narratives. The intervention was complex, and although the number of patients included was small, ghrelin was found to be safe and well tolerated in advanced cancer patients with cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Haiming L. Kerr, Kora Krumm, Ian (In-gi) Lee, Barbara Anderson, Anthony Christiani, Lena Strait, Beatrice A. Breckheimer, Brynn Irwin, Alice (Siyi) Jiang, Artur Rybachok, Amanda Chen, Lucas Caeiro, Elizabeth Dacek, Daniel B. Hall, Caroline H. Kostyla, Laura M. Hales, Tarik M. Soliman, Jose M. Garcia
Summary: In this study, the effects and mechanisms of action of EXT418 on lung cancer-induced cachexia in mice were evaluated. EXT418 was found to attenuate cachexia by reducing skeletal muscle inflammation, proteolysis, and mitophagy, independently of tumor mass and partially independent of food intake.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marthe Isaksen Aukan, Silvia Coutinho, Sindre Andre Pedersen, Melanie Rae Simpson, Catia Martins
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the differences in gastrointestinal hormone response to food intake between individuals with and without obesity. The findings suggest that individuals with obesity have lower concentrations of total ghrelin and total peptide YY compared to controls, which may contribute to lower postprandial hunger ratings. However, there were no significant differences in other gastrointestinal hormones or appetite ratings. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive research to determine if these differences are a cause or consequence of obesity.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ian Chapman, Avneet Oberoi, Caroline Giezenaar, Stijn Soenen
Summary: Protein supplements are increasingly used by older adults to maintain nutrition and prevent muscle function loss, with daily requirements around 1.2 gm/kg/day or higher. It is beneficial to increase protein intake, possibly best taken twice daily, particularly after exercise. Gastrointestinal mechanisms controlling food intake change with age, with benefits seen in giving supplements with meals to achieve higher protein intakes, especially in older individuals with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wout Verbeure, Eveline Deloose, Joran Toth, Jens F. Rehfeld, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Inge Depoortere, Jan Tack
Summary: This study investigated the effects of bitter tastants on hunger ratings and hormone plasma levels, finding that infusing bitter tastants into the stomach was more effective in reducing hunger sensations. Quinine hydrochloride showed the best performance when infused 60 minutes before food intake.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Yang Tang, Yanju Liang, Xing Wang, Li Deng
Summary: This study investigated the rules of acupoint selection and effective combinations for treating cancer-related anorexia (CA). Through data mining, the study identified commonly used acupoint combinations for CA treatment. The results showed that acupoints such as Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Guanyuan (RN4), Zhongwan (RN12), Neiguan (PC6), Shenmen (HT7), and Baihui (DU20) were frequently used in acupuncture prescriptions for CA.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Megan Herodes, Lindsey J. J. Anderson, Samuel Shober, Ellen A. A. Schur, Solomon A. A. Graf, Nicola Ammer, Ramiro Salas, Marco Marcelli, Jose M. M. Garcia
Summary: This pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of using macimorelin, a growth hormone secretagogue, in cancer cachexia patients. The results showed that one-week administration of macimorelin improved body weight and quality of life in these patients. The importance of this study lies in providing a potential new approach for treating cancer cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Wu, Zenghua Cai, Lishuang Liu, Jinbao Wang, Yanli Li, Yuling Kang, Ni An
Summary: Dexmedetomidine can improve gastrointestinal function recovery after laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy, reducing the time to first flatus, oral feeding, and defecation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Neda Yaghobi, Valiollah Mehrzad, Shirinsadat Badri, Afsaneh Yegdaneh, Azadeh Moghaddas
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of several traditional herbal medicines on cancer-induced cachexia/anorexia. Results showed that the traditional herbal combination was safe and effective in preventing weight loss and improving appetite and fatigue in advanced cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF HERBAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marthe Isaksen Aukan, Siren Nymo, Karoline Haagensli Ollestad, Guro Akersveen Boyesen, Julia Nicole DeBenedictis, Jens Frederik Rehfeld, Silvia Coutinho, Catia Martins
Summary: Obesity is characterized by impaired secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and reduced postprandial satiety, particularly in individuals with class III obesity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andreea Firut, Dragos Nicolae Margaritescu, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Marius Bica, Ionela Rotaru, Ana-Maria Patrascu, Razvan Ilie Radu, Daniela Marinescu, Stefan Patrascu, Costin Teodor Streba, Valeriu Surlin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the role of immunocyte-derived ratios (IDRs) as markers for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function following colorectal cancer surgery. The results showed that certain IDRs may have potential as predictive determinants for postoperative gastrointestinal functional recovery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephani Johnson, Jane Ziegler, David A. August
Summary: Although cannabinoids have been used medicinally for thousands of years, there is still insufficient evidence to support their use in improving appetite and oral intake in cancer patients. Further large, well-designed clinical trials are needed to explore the impact of cannabinoid use on Cancer Anorexia Cachexia Syndrome (CACS).
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shuangyi Zhang, Hiroki Teraoka, Hiroyuki Kaiya, Takio Kitazawa
Summary: Human MLN induced contractions in the stomach or upper intestine of the three species of frogs, while GHRL was effective only in the stomach and upper intestine of Xenopus. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MLN, but not GHRL, causes GI region-dependent contractions in frogs.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jennifer Oakvik, Danielle Ready
Summary: CACS is a cancer-related symptom management that requires active screening and interventions. Nutrition and treatment play a pivotal role in multimodal cancer care, and oncology nurses are in a pivotal position to provide proactive screening and assessment for patients with cancer and associated nutritional issues.
SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY NURSING
(2022)
Letter
Rheumatology
Chin-Fang Su, Hsien-Tzung Liao, Chang-Youh Tsai
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ko-Jen Li, Cheng-Han Wu, Cheng-Hsun Lu, Chieh-Yu Shen, Yu-Min Kuo, Chang-Youh Tsai, Song-Chou Hsieh, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: Trogocytosis refers to the rapid bidirectional transfer of surface membrane fragments and associated proteins between cells. Its biological actions include information exchange, cell clearance, and immunoregulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Youh Tsai, Song-Chou Hsieh, Chih-Wei Liu, Cheng-Shiun Lu, Cheng-Han Wu, Hsien-Tzung Liao, Ming-Han Chen, Ko-Jen Li, Chieh-Yu Shen, Yu-Min Kuo, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are not only professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells, but also exhibit many important biological functions, such as cytokine production, exosome release, and modulation of immune responses in surrounding cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Ming-Han Chen, I-Cheng Lee, Ming-Huang Chen, Ming-Chih Hou, Chang-Youh Tsai, Yi-Hsiang Huang
Summary: Rituximab and abatacept are independent risk factors for HBsAg reverse seroconversion in RHB patients receiving bDMARDs treatment. The risk of HBsAg RS is inversely related to the level of anti-HBs, with higher levels associated with lower risk of HBsAg RS.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming-Han Chen, Chien-Sheng Wu, Ming-Huang Chen, Chang-Youh Tsai, Fa-Yauh Lee, Yi-Hsiang Huang
Summary: The incidence of HBV reactivation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the use of glucocorticoids, particularly in patients aged 40 and above receiving high doses. Antiviral prophylaxis is necessary for these high-risk SLE patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Hsien-Tzung Liao, Chang-Youh Tsai, Chien-Chih Lai, Song-Chou Hsieh, Yi-Syuan Sun, Ko-Jen Li, Chieh-Yu Shen, Cheng-Han Wu, Cheng-Hsun Lu, Yu-Min Kuo, Tzu-Hao Li, Chung-Tei Chou, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: Ankylosing spondylitis is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation and immune dysfunction in the axial skeleton and peripheral joints. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors, including epigenetic regulations of gene expression. Understanding these factors is crucial for unraveling the mysteries of AS.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
H-T Liao, H-Y Tung, C-T Chou, H-C Tsai, Y-N Yen, C-Y Tsai
Summary: This study demonstrates that nucleic acid-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are immunogenic in the majority of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), although patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis have lower humoral responses to the vaccine compared to those with other ARDs.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tsai-Hung Wu, Hsien-Tzung Liao, Tzu-Hao Li, Hung-Cheng Tsai, Niang-Cheng Lin, Cheng-Yen Chen, Shih-Feng Tsai, Tzu-Hao Huang, Chang-Youh Tsai, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: By monitoring the sequence change of B-cell receptor immunoglobulin in renal transplant patients, it is possible to detect the occurrence of rejection or graft failure. The change in clonal diversity is correlated with various clinical events, indicating its potential as a biomarker for detecting renal graft failure/rejection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsai-Hung Wu, Song-Chou Hsieh, Tsu-Hao Li, Cheng-Hsun Lu, Hsien-Tzung Liao, Chieh-Yu Shen, Ko-Jen Li, Cheng-Han Wu, Yu-Min Kuo, Chang-Youh Tsai, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in circulation and play a crucial role in defending against pathogens and maintaining immune homeostasis. Recent studies have discovered novel biological functions of PMNs, which exhibit paradoxical activities in inflammation/anti-inflammation, antibacterial/autoimmunity, pro-cancer/anticancer, and antiviral infection/COVID-19-induced immunothrombotic dysregulation.
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Jui-Yun Lee, Chang-Youh Tsai, Hsien-Tzung Liao
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Chien-Chih Lai, Fei-Lan Liu, Chang-Youh Tsai, Shu-Li Wang, Deh-Ming Chang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of phthalates on inflammation and osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal females. The results showed that DEHP treatment led to osteoporosis and impaired microstructure of femur trabecula in mice, with inflammation playing a role. Additionally, phthalate exposure negatively affected bone mass in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Jan-Mou Lee, Ming-Huang Chen, Kai-Yuan Chou, Yee Chao, Ming-Han Chen, Chang-Youh Tsai
Summary: The comparison of immunoprofiling between patients with SLE and healthy controls revealed distinct patterns, which could be used to develop an immune signature algorithm for supporting SLE diagnosis. This study sheds light on the future studies of SLE pathogenesis and immune-based diagnostic tool development.
LUPUS SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vivia Khosasih, Kai-Ming Liu, Chung-Ming Huang, Lieh-Bang Liou, Ming-Shium Hsieh, Chian-Her Lee, Chang-Youh Tsai, San-Yuan Kuo, Su-Yang Hwa, Chia-Li Yu, Chih-Hao Chang, Cheng-Jyh Lin, Song-Chou Hsieh, Chun-Ying Cheng, Wei-Ming Chen, Liang-Kuang Chen, Hui-Ping Chuang, Ying-Ting Chen, Pei-Chun Tsai, Liang-Suei Lu, Weng-Siong H'ng, Yanfei Zhang, Hsiang-Cheng Chen, Chien-Hsiun Chen, Ming Ta Michael Lee, Jer-Yuarn Wu
Summary: A genome-wide association study in the Han Chinese population identified six genetic variants associated with hand osteoarthritis, located at the 2p13.2 region downstream of the CYP26B1 gene. Among these variants, rs12713768 was found to be associated with susceptibility to and severity of hand osteoarthritis, suggesting the involvement of the retinoic acid signaling pathway in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Youh Tsai, Ko-Jen Li, Chieh-Yu Shen, Cheng-Hsun Lu, Hui-Ting Lee, Tsai-Hung Wu, Yee-Yung Ng, Yen-Po Tsao, Song-Chou Hsieh, Chia-Li Yu
Summary: Lupus nephritis is a severe complication in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. It is traditionally believed to be caused by immune complex deposition and complement interactions. Recent research has revealed that resident kidney cells and genetically restricted adaptive immune cells also play a role in the inflammation. Biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of lupus nephritis are important, as well as developing specific therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
H-T. Liao, C-Y. Tsai
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations among cytokines and regulatory T cells (T-regs) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, as well as their changes after anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment. The results showed that the frequency of T-regs in peripheral blood was positively correlated to disease activity indices and inflammatory markers in AS patients. After TNF-alpha treatment, there was a significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels, IL-10 levels, TGF-beta levels, and frequency of T-regs in peripheral blood of AS patients.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2023)
