期刊
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
卷 15, 期 33, 页码 3886-3894出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/138161209789649411
关键词
Asparaginyl hydroxylase; hypoxia; iron; oxidative decarboxylation; oxygen sensing; prolyl-4-hydroxylase; protein stability; succinate
资金
- Swiss National Science Foundation [3100AO-116047/1]
- Sassella Stiftung
- Hartmann Muller-Stiftung
- Olga Mayenfisch Stiftung
- Krebsliga des Kantons Zurich
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Ka1269/9-1]
- Wilhelm-Sander Stiftung
Protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha subunits is regulated by the oxygen-sensing prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes. Under oxygen-limited conditions, HIF alpha subunits are stabilized and form active HIF transcription factors that induce a large number of genes involved in adaptation to hypoxic conditions with physiological implications for erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular function and cellular metabolism. Oxygen-sensing is regulated by the co-substrate-dependent activity and hypoxia-inducible abundance of the PHD enzymes which trigger HIF alpha stability even under low oxygen conditions. Because HIF alpha itself is notoriously reluctant to the development of antagonists, an increase in PHD activity would offer an interesting alternative to the development of drugs that interfere specifically with the HIF signalling pathway. Interestingly, among the recently discovered PHD interacting proteins were not only novel downstream targets but also upstream regulators of PHDs. Their PHD isoform-specific interaction offers the possibility to target distinct PHD isoforms and their non-identical downstream signalling pathways. This review summarizes our current knowledge on PHD interacting proteins, including upstream regulators, chaperonins, scaffolding proteins, and novel downstream transcription factors.
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