期刊
CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY
卷 26, 期 5, 页码 459-466出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000083
关键词
apoptosis; cell death; complement; NETosis; systemic lupus erythematosus
类别
资金
- NIH [1 F32 AR065837-01, R01 NS065933]
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
Purpose of review Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by autoantibodies directed against nuclear autoantigens normally concealed from immune recognition in healthy individuals. Here, we summarize recently identified mechanisms of abnormal cell death leading to exposure and aberrant processing of nucleoprotein self antigens, and discuss their role in the SLE pathogenesis. Recent findings During the past few years, the unveiling of several new forms of cell death has expanded our understanding beyond the simple view of 'apoptotic' versus 'necrotic' cell death. SLE patients show abnormalities in cell death at several levels, including increased rates of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, as well as reduced clearance of dying cells. These abnormalities lead to an increased autoantigen burden and antigen modifications, such as nucleic acid oxidation that increases the inflammatory properties of self antigens. Recent investigations have highlighted the role of opsonins in determining the immunogenic versus tolerogenic characteristics of self antigens. Summary Dysregulation of different forms of programmed cell death contributes to increased exposure, availability, and immunogenic characteristics of intracellular self antigens, which all participate in development of lupus autoimmunity. As our understanding of abnormalities of cell death in SLE advances, potential therapeutic opportunities await human implementation.
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