Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sara E. Cloft, Zehava Uni, Eric A. Wong
Summary: Mature small intestines have crypts populated by stem cells, which produce replacement cells for maintaining the absorptive villus surface area. The expression of stem cell markers Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) and Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) differed after hatching, with Olfm4 mRNA increasing and Lgr5 mRNA decreasing. Marker of proliferation Ki67 mRNA decreased post-hatch in the duodenum but was greatest in the ileum. The ontogeny of Olfm4, Lgr5, and Ki67 expressing cells shows that proliferation in the peri-hatch intestine changes from along the entire villi to being restricted within the crypts.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maegan E. Chen, Setareh Malekian Naeini, Arjuna Srikrishnaraj, Daniel J. Drucker, Zivit Fesler, Patricia L. Brubaker
Summary: GLP-2 can stimulate Lgr5+ ISC entry into S phase through GLP-2R and induce chronic expansion of Lgr5+ ISCs through downstream intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zhongyuan Du, Lixiang Gao, Yuming Wang, Jingjing Xie, Shuli Zeng, Jiangtao Zhao, Renna Sa, Feng Zhao
Summary: The computer-controlled simulated digestion showed higher digestibility than the corresponding in vivo digestion, which indicates the need to optimize the in vitro digestion time. The in vitro large intestinal digestibility was lower than the in vivo digestibility for plant protein meals, suggesting that more digestible substrates can be digested by the in vivo large intestine. The difference in digestion may be related to the higher fiber content of plant protein meals, resulting in shorter digestion time in the in vivo stomach-small intestine.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Renz C. W. Klomberg, Lotte E. Vlug, Barbara A. E. de Koning, Lissy de Ridder
Summary: In children with gastrointestinal disorders like IBD and IF, there is an increased risk of VTE. The incidence of VTE in children with IBD is reported to be around 4-30 per 10,000 patient-years, while in children with IF it is around 750 per 10,000 patient-years. The use of direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment or prevention of VTE in pediatric patients has not been studied yet.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Bence Kovari, Rish K. Pai
Summary: The upper gastrointestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are often masked by classic ileal and colonic symptoms, but with improved endoscopic techniques and biopsy, both asymptomatic and clinically significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal manifestations are increasingly recognized.
ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Denise Salazar, Karen M. Kloke, Ruben Bonilla Guerrero, Carlos R. Ferreira, Nenad Blau
Summary: Inherited metabolic disorders with gastrointestinal symptoms involve dysfunction in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas. This study summarizes the associations of signs and symptoms in 339 inherited metabolic diseases presenting with GI symptoms. Feeding difficulties are the most common abnormality reported, followed by intestinal problems, vomiting, stomach and pancreas involvement, and esophagus involvement.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Lin Bao, Xuejing Cui, Ru Bai, Chunying Chen
Summary: With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, new biological models are needed to evaluate the effects of nanomaterials on hosts. 3D organoids have emerged as powerful tools in studying nano-bio interactions, and can contribute to the development of nanomedicines and the fields of tissue engineering and personalized medicine.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Justine Creff, Laurent Malaquin, Arnaud Besson
Summary: Recent advances in bioengineering have led to the development of various in vitro models to mimic the complex intestinal epithelium for studying fundamental mechanisms and drug screening. These microfabricated systems provide alternative approaches for understanding intestinal homeostasis and pathologies.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinya Sugimoto, Eiji Kobayashi, Masayuki Fujii, Yuki Ohta, Kazuya Arai, Mami Matano, Keiko Ishikawa, Kentaro Miyamoto, Kohta Toshimitsu, Sirirat Takahashi, Kosaku Nanki, Yoji Hakamata, Takanori Kanai, Toshiro Sato
Summary: The study successfully generated a functional small intestinalized colon (SIC) by replacing the native colonic epithelium with ileum-derived organoids, which markedly ameliorated intestinal failure in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). This provides proof of principle for the regenerative use of intestinal organoids and offers a feasible strategy for SBS treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas, Franz Salm, Eva B. Znalesniak, Katharina Haupenthal, Denny Schanze, Martin Zenker, Alexander Link, Werner Hoffmann
Summary: This study examines the spatial distribution of bacterial flora in the murine alimentary tract and its correlation with Tff3 deficiency and colitis. The results show variations in bacterial species richness and community structure along different regions of the tract. Interestingly, while Tff3 deficiency is linked to increased colitis, it does not significantly affect the bacterial communities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Rin Iguchi, Satoshi Nakayama, Yasunori Sasakura, Toshio Sekiguchi, Michio Ogasawara
Summary: The gene expression patterns of absorptive proteins in the intestines of Ciona intestinalis were investigated, revealing multi-regional and repetitive features. These genes showed zonal expression along the gastrointestinal epithelium, indicating a well-coordinated set of intestinal gene expression patterns in Ciona.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Daniel H. M. Watanabe, John Doelman, Michael A. Steele, Le L. Guan, Dave J. Seymour, Gregory B. Penner
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of Ca-gluconate relative to butyrate on gastrointestinal tract function in beef heifers. The results showed that only Ca-butyrate was able to stimulate ruminal short-chain fatty acid absorption in growing beef heifers.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fabio Grizzi, Marco Spadaccini, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi, Robert S. Bresalier, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Silvia Carrara
Summary: The morphological complexity of cells and tissues, whether normal or pathological, is characterized by irregularity and self-similarity across different scales. Fractal geometry holds promise in providing a quantitative measure of the irregularly shaped morphologies and their underlying self-similar temporal behaviors. This article explores the fractal nature of the gastrointestinal system and the potential applications of fractal geometry in clinical gastroenterology and hepatology practice.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marcin Romanczyk, Tomasz Romanczyk, Magdalena Lesinska, Kamil Baranski, Marek Hartleb, Marek Waluga
Summary: The study compared the procedure time with novel quality measures - composite detection rate (CDR) and endoscopist biopsy rate (EBR), finding that the procedure time is related to CDR, EBR, and upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
A. Fatehullah, Y. Terakado, S. Sagiraju, T. L. Tan, T. Sheng, S. H. Tan, K. Murakami, Y. Swathi, N. Ang, R. Rajarethinam, T. Ming, P. Tan, B. Lee, N. Barker
Summary: Researchers developed transgenic and orthotopic mouse models to recapitulate advanced human gastric cancer, uncovering a mechanistic role for Lgr5(+) stem-like cells in promoting disease initiation and progression. These models accurately recapitulate advanced human gastric cancer characteristics and demonstrate the critical role of tumor-resident Lgr5(+) stem-like cells.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)