Review
Neurosciences
Liyao Qiu, Bin Zhang, Zhihua Gao
Summary: The anatomical organization of neural circuits is essential for understanding brain functions, and viral tools have become widely used for tracing circuit architecture. This review introduces the categories and applications of viral tools in circuit tracing, as well as discussing advancements and future innovations in viral tracing.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Keiichiro Uehara, Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi, Takahiro Koide, Tomoo Itoh, Takashi Aoi
Summary: This study reports the generation of gastric organoids with gastric marker-expressing epithelium from human pluripotent stem cells. It was found that epithelium development occurs prior to muscularis mucosa formation, and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and TGF-fl1 play a role in this process. Inhibition of HH and TGF-fl signaling prevents subepithelial muscularis mucosa formation. Mechanical properties of the substrate and TGF-fl signaling were shown to influence the emergence of muscularis mucosa in human stomach tissue.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Kenyi Saito-Diaz, Jonathan Roy Street, Heidi Ulrichs, Nadja Zeltner
Summary: This study presents a chemically defined differentiation protocol that successfully generates three subtypes of peripheral sensory neurons from human pluripotent stem cells, with methods to enhance the purity of each subtype. The resulting cultures are responsive to stimuli and electrically active, enabling modeling of human neurologic disorders and study of human development.
Article
Neurosciences
Qiao Ye, Gocylen Gast, Xilin Su, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido, Todd C. Holmes, Xiangmin Xu
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with significant health impacts, especially in countries with aging populations. This study examines neural circuit mechanisms in AD mouse models and identifies alterations in hippocampal CA1 connectivity.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew J. Fogarty, Debanjali Dasgupta, Obaid U. Khurram, Gary C. Sieck
Summary: Inhibition of TrkB signaling alone in adult TrkBF616 rats leads to loss of phrenic motor neurons, morphological degeneration, and deficits in retrograde axonal uptake/transport.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Qing Liu, Yang Wu, Huadong Wang, Fan Jia, Fuqiang Xu
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advancements in viral tools for neural circuit tracing, discusses the key principles of using viral tools in neuroscience research, and highlights innovations in developing and optimizing viral tools for neural circuit tracing across diverse animal species, including nonhuman primates.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mari Katsura, Yoshihiro Urade, Hiroko Nansai, Mika Kobayashi, Akashi Taguchi, Yukiko Ishikawa, Tomohiro Ito, Hisako Fukunaga, Hideto Tozawa, Yoko Chikaoka, Ryo Nakaki, Akinobu Echigo, Takahide Kohro, Hideko Sone, Youichiro Wada
Summary: The effects of low-dose radiation on undifferentiated cells and developing retinal cells were examined in this study. Gene expression analysis revealed fluctuations in signaling pathways, including Rho signaling, after exposure to different doses of radiation. The findings suggest that developing retinal cells employ hormesis and dedifferentiation mechanisms in response to low-dose radiation stress.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hong Yang, Feng Xiong, Yi-Ge Song, Hai-Fei Jiang, Hai-Bin Qin, Jing Zhou, Sha Lu, Steven F. Grieco, Xiangmin Xu, Wen-Bo Zeng, Fei Zhao, Min-Hua Luo
Summary: Anterograde viral tracers are important for dissecting brain output targets, and different versions have been developed, with H129-dTK-T2 being an improved version. The protocol provided by the researchers will greatly support scientists in applying these viral tracers effectively.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lin Xia, Chen Zhang, Kaiming Su, Jiangang Fan, Yuguang Niu, Yafeng Yu, Renjie Chai
Summary: Neural stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, and the oriented growth of neurons is a crucial factor in neural stem cell-based nerve regeneration. Various biomaterials have been used to facilitate the oriented growth of neural stem cell-derived neurons, but magnetic materials are less commonly used compared to other materials. In this study, magnetic nanochains were developed to guide the oriented growth of neural stem cell-derived neurons, showing great potential.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Suewei Lin
Summary: The mushroom body in the Drosophila brain is a crucial center for computation, responsible for storing associative memories and processing sensory and internal state information. Efforts to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mushroom body development have made progress, but there are still significant knowledge gaps in the assembly process.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xiufang Zhang, Zhao Yao, Yeye Guo, Chunni Wang
Summary: The formation of patterns and synchronization stability in a network depends on local kinetics, connection type, and the properties of coupling channels. By adjusting bifurcation parameters and coupling channels, desired patterns and behaviors can be achieved. Thermistors, as nonlinear electronic components, can be used to detect temperature fluctuations and adjust coupling channels accordingly.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prakriti Paul Chacha, Ryoko Horie, Takehiro G. Kusakabe, Yasunori Sasakura, Mona Singh, Takeo Horie, Michael Levine
Summary: The study found that the lateral regions of the neural plate in the protovertebrate Ciona intestinalis type A exhibit characteristics of vertebrate placodes and neural crest, and can generate sensory cell types. Misexpression of the POU IV gene was found to cause epidermal cells to transform into hybrid sensory cell types, which exhibit properties of both palp sensory cells (PSCs) and bipolar tail neurons (BTNs).
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mehmet Neset Ozel, Claudia Skok Gibbs, Isabel Holguera, Mennah Soliman, Richard Bonneau, Claude Desplan
Summary: The study reveals that the Drosophila visual system contains nearly 200 distinct types of neurons, each defined by unique combinations of about 10 continuously expressed transcription factors. Modifying the terminal selector code can predictably convert neuronal fates and these conversions are morphologically and transcriptionally complete. Additionally, the study identifies one gene that is linked to an upstream patterning factor, which specifies neuronal fates in stem cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Leechung Chang, Mayuko Masada, Masami Kojima, Nobuhiko Yamamoto
Summary: Neuronal remodeling plays a crucial role in functional recovery after brain injury. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ectopic axonal projection in the denervated midbrain after unilateral cortical lesion. The analysis revealed upregulation of axon growth-related genes, predominantly expressed by glial cells, in the denervated midbrain. Knocking out the receptors for these upregulated molecules in intact cortex reduced the ectopic projection, particularly when integrin subunit b three or neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TrkB) was targeted. These findings suggest that denervated midbrain-derived glial factors contribute to lesion-induced remodeling of the cortico-mesencephalic projection via these receptors.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anna Buigues, Patricia Diaz-Gimeno, Patricia Sebastian-Leon, Livia Pellegrini, Nuria Pellicer, Antonio Pellicer, Sonia Herraiz
Summary: This study identified molecular and paracrine signaling changes produced by human bone marrow-derived stem cells in human ovarian cortex, revealing upregulated genes and enriched pathways affected by treatment. The findings suggest that BMDSC may regulate paracrine factors and pathways that could be future targets for treating poor responder women, providing valuable information for optimizing the clinical application of BMDSC.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
