Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mauro G. Silva, Gerardo R. Corradi, Juan Perez Duhalde, Myriam Nunez, Eliana M. Cela, Daniel H. Gonzales Maglio, Ana Brizzio, Martin R. Salazar, Walter G. Espeche, Mariela M. Gironacci
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients have higher levels of ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity in their blood compared to healthy individuals, while levels of AngII and Ang-(1-7) are lower. Even when excluding COVID-19 patients under RAS blockade treatment, ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity remain higher in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the involvement of RAS in COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mauro G. Silva, Nora L. Falcoff, Gerardo R. Corradi, Jose Alfie, Rolando F. Seguel, Gabriela C. Tabaj, Laura I. Iglesias, Myriam Nunez, Gabriela R. Guman, Mariela M. Gironacci
Summary: ACEI/ARB treatment affects the protein content of TMPRSS2 in the human lungs, but not ACE2. This finding may explain why smokers and older patients receiving treatment for cardiovascular-related pathologies are more susceptible to COVID-19.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Brasilina Caroccia, Paul-Emmanuel Vanderriele, Teresa Maria Seccia, Maria Piazza, Livia Lenzini, Selene Prisco, Francesca Torresan, Oliver Domenig, Maurizio Iacobone, Marko Poglitsch, Gian Paolo Rossi
Summary: This study found that ACE-2 mRNA and Ang II were present in human adrenocortical tissues, but not Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-5). Ang-(1-7) and ACE-2 do not seem to play a significant role in regulating aldosterone and cortisol biosynthesis.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hristo L. Svilenov, Florent Delhommel, Till Siebenmorgen, Florian Ruehrnoessl, Grzegorz M. Popowicz, Alwin Reiter, Michael Sattler, Carsten Brockmeyer, Johannes Buchner
Summary: The solution structure, stability, and dynamics of a broadly-acting antiviral ACE2-IgG-Fc fusion protein are determined. Small chemical compounds binding to ACE2 can be used to drastically increase the thermal stability of the ACE2 domain. Our findings reveal a general concept for stabilizing the labile receptor segments of therapeutic antiviral fusion proteins by chemical compounds.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven D. Brooks, Rachel L. Smith, Aline S. Moreira, Hans C. Ackerman
Summary: Lisinopril increases ACE2 expression in tissues relevant to COVID-19, while adding losartan prevents the lisinopril-induced increase. A sex difference was observed with higher ACE2 levels in the kidneys of male mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jakub Jankowski, Hye Kyung Lee, Julia Wilflingseder, Lothar Hennighausen
Summary: This study reports on the genetic programs activated in kidney cells in response to interferons during COVID-19, and the inhibitory effect of a Janus kinase inhibitor. The findings help identify kidney-specific interferon responses.
Article
Plant Sciences
Carla Georgia Rodrigues Guimaraes Souto, Bethania Rosa Lorencone, Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques, Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi, Paulo Vitor Moreira Romao, Lucas Pires Guarnier, Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni, Ariany Carvalho dos Santos, Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho Souza, Priscila Megda Joao Job Zago, Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Livero, Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenco, Denise Brentan Silva, Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Summary: The ethanolic extract of Talinum paniculatum showed significant cardiorenal protective effects in rats, normalizing electrocardiographic and hemodynamic alterations, and preventing ventricle remodeling. These effects were associated with serum antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, indicating potential benefits for hypertensive patients with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas L. Williams, Gregory Strachan, Robyn G. C. Macrae, Rhoda E. Kuc, Duuamene Nyimanu, Anna L. Paterson, Sanjay Sinha, Janet J. Maguire, Anthony P. Davenport
Summary: ACE2 is a membrane protein that regulates the cardiovascular system and acts as a receptor for human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. A newly discovered short ACE2 isoform, deltaACE2, may affect individual susceptibility to viral infection and likelihood of developing Long COVID. Research shows that deltaACE2 is more expressed in the lung and liver compared to full-length ACE2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hooria Younas, Tahira Ijaz, Nakhshab Choudhry
Summary: This study investigated the association of Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme 2 polymorphism, G8790A, with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development with the complication of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Pakistani population. The results showed that female AG/AA genotype and male A genotype were associated with T2DM as a genetic risk factor but were not associated with diabetic nephropathy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shuwei Wang, Qi Han, Zhaolan Wei, Yunyi Wang, Lingfu Deng, Mingqing Chen
Summary: The study found that exposure to formaldehyde can cause an increase in blood pressure and damage to the heart, aortic vessels, and kidneys. By blocking the ACE/AT1R axis using an ACE inhibitor, the increase in blood pressure and pathological changes caused by formaldehyde exposure can be alleviated. This result improves our understanding of the impact of formaldehyde exposure on the development of hypertension.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilaria Caputo, Brasilina Caroccia, Ilaria Frasson, Elena Poggio, Stefania Zamberlan, Margherita Morpurgo, Teresa M. Seccia, Tito Cali, Marisa Brini, Sara N. Richter, Gian Paolo Rossi
Summary: Blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can increase the expression of ACE2, the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and thus increase the risk of COVID-19. This study found that angiotensin II (Ang II) significantly increased the levels of ACE2 expression by acting on the angiotensin type 1 receptor, resulting in enhanced viral entry into cells. However, the blockade of ACE-1-mediated Ang II formation and ACE2-mediated Ang II conversion did not have any effect. Therefore, increased production of Ang II in patients with an activated RAS may lead to a greater spread of COVID-19 infection in lung cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Tim Lahm, Edward Hess, Anna E. Baron, Thomas M. Maddox, Mary E. Plomondon, Gaurav Choudhary, Bradley A. Maron, Roham T. Zamanian, Peter J. Leary
Summary: ACEIs and ARBs are associated with lower mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension, while AA use is a marker of disease severity and may be used preferentially in sicker patients. ACEIs and ARBs may represent a novel treatment strategy for different PH phenotypes.
Article
Microbiology
John N. Snouwaert, Leigh A. Jania, Trang Nguyen, David R. Martinez, Alexandra Schafer, Nicholas J. Catanzaro, Kendra L. Gully, Ralph S. Baric, Mark Heise, Martin T. Ferris, Elizabeth Anderson, Katia Pressey, Jacob A. Dillard, Sharon Taft-Benz, Victoria K. Baxter, Jenny P-Y Ting, Beverly H. Koller
Summary: To study COVID-19, researchers have created two mouse lines with the mouse ACE2 protein replaced by the human equivalent. The expression of human ACE2 is regulated by either the mouse or human promoter, leading to qualitative and quantitative differences in ACE2 expression between mice and humans. These mouse models expressing the full-length human ACE2 gene provide a valuable tool for understanding the pathology and immune response associated with COVID-19.
Review
Physiology
Haru Nomura, Sanjaya Kuruppu, Niwanthi W. Rajapakse
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is a common disease leading to end-stage renal disease. Chronic activation of the RAAS contributes to kidney inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in kidney disease. Targeting the reno-protective arm of the RAAS provides potential therapeutic options for improving kidney inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ludovic Gerard, Marylene Lecocq, Caroline Bouzin, Delphine Hoton, Gregory Schmit, Joao Pinto Pereira, Virginie Montiel, Thomas Plante-Bordeneuve, Pierre-Francois Laterre, Charles Pilette
Summary: The study found that in patients with both COVID-19-related and unrelated ARDS, there was an increase in the expression of ACE2 in lung tissue and serum, while a decrease in AT2 cells was mainly observed in COVID-19-related ARDS.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)