Review
Immunology
Arturo Casadevall
Summary: Invasive fungal diseases are rare in individuals with intact immunity, thanks to powerful immune mechanisms and elevated temperatures that create a thermal restriction zone. Susceptibility to fungal diseases is usually associated with major disturbances of immune function, involving both the cellular and humoral innate and adaptive immunity. Tissue fungal invasion is controlled through neutrophil or granulomatous inflammation depending on the fungal species, with neutrophils critical against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., and macrophages essential for controlling mycoses due to Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma spp., and other fungi. However, the increasing number of immunocompromised patients and climate change may lead to a higher prevalence of fungal diseases.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ran Tao, Xiaorong Peng, Xiang Liu, Junwei Su, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, Yafei Zhang, Biao Zhu
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients. This study reports two cases of CM-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) treated with lenalidomide, which resulted in rapid clinical remission and improved cognitive function. The study also suggests that lenalidomide may improve cognitive function by regulating intracranial inflammation through multiple pathways, not just by TNF-α blocking.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Polidy Pean, Yoann Madec, Eric Nerrienet, Laurence Borand, Didier Laureillard, Marcelo Fernandez, Olivier Marcy, Daniel Scott-Algara, CAMELIA Study Team
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reconstitution of NK cells in HIV-infected patients with TB-IRIS compared to those without IRIS. The results showed that NK cell reconstitution appeared to be better in TB-IRIS subjects. However, the development of IRIS does not appear to affect the NK cell reconstitution in HIV and TB-infected individuals.
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: Severe mycobacterial IRIS in HIV can cause secondary HLH driven by pathologic IFN gamma production and T-cell activation, leading to worse outcomes. Increased ferritin, anemia, CXCL9, and sCD25 associate with this phenotype and may be used for risk stratification and treatment optimization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luxin Pei, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, Rafael Tiburcio, Adam Rupert, Eric W. Dahlstrom, Frances Galindo, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti
Summary: The study identified metabolic disturbances in IRIS before and during the event, linking oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid signaling with IRIS development. Metabolic pathways of lipids and amino acids were significantly associated with inflammatory biomarkers like IL-12p70 and IL-8 during the IRIS event, suggesting the impact of cellular metabolism on immune cell activation and vice versa.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Aida Sadikh Badiane, Khadim Diongue, Mame Cheikh Seck, Mouhamadou Ndiaye, Daouda Ndiaye
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiological aspects of superficial fungal infections among koranic school children in Senegal, revealing a higher prevalence among boys and a high incidence of tinea capitis. Attention should be paid to non-dermatophytic species that could be responsible for superficial fungal infections.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jia Tong Loh, Kong-Peng Lam
Summary: Invasive fungal infection poses a global health threat, and the WHO has released a list of health-threatening fungi to enhance global response. Antifungal drugs have limited success due to drug resistance, emphasizing the need for immunomodulation and new therapies. This review discusses the immune response to fungal infections and emerging immunotherapies and vaccines.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caian L. Vinhaes, Virginia Sheikh, Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza, Jing Wang, Adam Rupert, Gregg Roby, Maria B. Arriaga, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, Fred Sawe, Doug Shaffer, Jintanat Ananworanich, Nittaya Phanuphak, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti
Summary: The study found that systemic inflammatory profiles in people with severe immunosuppression can predict the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). By developing a composite score incorporating various biomarkers, including interleukin-6, IL-10, IL-27, sCD14, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, hyaluronic acid, D-dimer, body mass index, and hemoglobin, accurate predictions of IRIS occurrence and death risk can be made.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Ornella Sortino, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: People with HIV and mycobacterial infections may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy. The pathophysiology of mycobacterial-IRIS overlaps with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). By evaluating protein-altering variants in genes associated with HLH, it was found that 23.2% of IRIS patients had these variants, compared to only 3.8% of those without IRIS. These findings suggest a possible genetic component in the risk of mycobacterial IRIS in people with HIV and mycobacterial infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Minh Thuy Vi Hoang, Laszlo Irinyi, Yiheng Hu, Benjamin Schwessinger, Wieland Meyer
Summary: Identification of the causative infectious agent is crucial for the management of infectious diseases. Traditional diagnostic techniques have limitations in terms of time and specificity, while long-read sequencing has the potential to provide accurate identification of pathogens directly from clinical samples and additional clinical information.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Caian L. Vinhaes, Mariana Araujo-Pereira, Rafael Tiburcio, Juan M. Cubillos-Angulo, Fernanda O. Demitto, Kevan M. Akrami, Bruno B. Andrade
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the care of people living with HIV, but can lead to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), causing significant morbidity and mortality. There are still gaps in understanding IRIS pathogenesis and optimizing therapeutic strategies.
Article
Dermatology
Michela Starace, Elisa Milan, Giovanni Summa, Aurora Maria Alessandrini, Andrea Sechi, Matilde Iorizzo, Nilton Gioia Di Chiacchio, Nilton Di Chiacchio, Bianca Maria Piraccini
Summary: Pathogen-specific dermoscopic features can be used for the differential diagnosis of distal subungual onychomycosis. Spikes are associated with T. rubrum infection, while striae are associated with T. interdigitalis infection.
Article
Microbiology
Silvia Lucena Lage, Chun-Shu Wong, Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral, Daniel Sturdevant, Denise C. Hsu, Adam Rupert, Eleanor M. P. Wilson, S. Sonia Qasba, Nuha Sultana Naqvi, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: In TB-IRIS patients, inflammasome activation on monocytes is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while complement deposition may lead to a positive feedback loop in the inflammatory responses observed.
Review
Immunology
Nicole Sarden, Bryan G. Yipp
Summary: Invasive fungal infections caused by viruses such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2 are a growing concern. Understanding the susceptibility to fungi requires considering the roles of adaptive, innate, and natural immunity. Neutrophils, innate antibodies, B cells subsets, and B cell-neutrophil crosstalk play important roles in antifungal host resistance. Virus infections can weaken neutrophil and innate B cell resistance, leading to invasive fungal infections. Novel therapeutic approaches aim to restore natural and humoral immunity and boost neutrophil resistance against fungi.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Katrin Mehler, Oliver Cornely, Harald Seifert, Janine Zweigner, Saskia Janssen, Andre Oberthuer
Summary: Extremely immature preterm infants are at increased risk of rare fungal infections, particularly cutaneous Aspergillosis, which may cause severe disease. Treatment with Voriconazole has a high rate of liver toxicity and is difficult to achieve target levels in extremely immature infants.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. O'Reilly, Jeff Sigafoos, Fiora D'Amico, Dominga Laporta, Maria Giovanna Cattaneo, Antonella Scordamaglia, Katia Pinto
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Beant Kaur Billing, Mayank, Prabhat K. Agnihotri, Narinder Singh
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jagpreet Singh Sidhu, Ashutosh Singh, Neha Garg, Navneet Kaur, Narinder Singh
Article
Food Science & Technology
Narpinder Singh, Mehak Katyal, Amardeep Singh Virdi, A. Ritpal Kaur, Annu Goyal, Arvind Kumar Ahlawat, Anju Mahendru Singh
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Balwinder Singh, Jatinder Pal Singh, Amritpal Kaur, Narpinder Singh
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shalini Trehan, Narpinder Singh, Amritpal Kaur
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2018)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mehak Katyal, Amardeep Singh Virdi, Narpinder Singh, Amritpal Kaur, J. C. Rana, Jyoti Kumari
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2018)
Review
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Navneet Kaur, Shweta Chopra, Gagandeep Singh, Pushap Raj, Aman Bhasin, Suban K. Sahoo, Anil Kuwar, Narinder Singh
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sanyog Sharma, Balkaran Singh Sran, Narinder Singh, Geeta Hundal
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meenakshi Verma, Amanpreet Kaur, Harpreet Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Narinder Singh
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jagpreet Singh Sidhu, Ashutosh Singh, Neha Garg, Navneet Kaur, Narinder Singh
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nouratan Singh, Poonam Rani, Neeraj Tandan, Dinesh Kumar Arya, Ansuman Mahato
Summary: An Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of 16 PAH compounds in soil samples from Manesar, India. The study found that PAH concentrations were highest in the winter season in industrial areas, while the lowest levels were observed during the monsoon season. The PAH levels in Manesar were relatively lower compared to Brazil, UK, Germany, and Korea.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Poonam Rani, Nouratan Singh, Monika Bhaskar, Neeraj Tandan
Summary: This study surveyed the microbial community and their antibiotic profiling in the domestic environment of rural and urban areas in Meerut city, India. The results revealed a higher bacterial load compared to fungal load, with kitchens being more contaminated than living rooms. The dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas sps, Citrobacter sps, Bacillus Subtilis, Brevundimonas diminuta, Bacillus megaterium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance was mainly derived from plasmids.
Article
Education, Special
Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. O'Reilly, Jeff Sigafoos, Francesca Campodonico, Doretta Oliva, Gloria Alberti, Fiora D'amico
JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY
(2018)
Article
Telecommunications
Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. O'Reilly, Jeff Sigafoos, Gloria Alberti, Valeria Chiariello, Viviana Perilli, Francesca Campodonico
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2018)