Common medications that increase the risk for developing community-acquired pneumonia

Purpose of review Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common problem with significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Recent reports link several medications and the development of CAP and associated poor outcomes. Our aim was to review the most relevant data regarding the possible association of the use of inhaled corticosteroids for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and the risk of development of CAP. In addition, we review the data regarding the use of gastric-acid suppressants including histamine-2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors and the increased incidence of CAP. Recent findings Several studies suggest inhaled corticosteroids use is associated with higher risk of CAP. In addition, the use of gastric-acid suppressants have been demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of developing CAP. Summary We explore the potential risks, pathogenesis and implications for the healthcare system of these potential associations with the use of ICS and proton pump inhibitors and increased risk of CAP.