Article
Immunology
Weijia Xiong, Tim K. Tsang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Nancy H. L. Leung, Vicky J. Fang, Ian G. Barr, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling
Summary: We explored the biphasic pattern of antibody titers waning after influenza vaccination in children. Using blood samples, we found evidence for a faster waning in the first 1-2 years, followed by a slower decline in the longer term. Children with higher postvaccination titers showed faster antibody decay.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pasquale Domenico Pedote, Stefano Termite, Andrea Gigliobianco, Pier Luigi Lopalco, Francesco Paolo Bianchi
Summary: This study found no significant association between influenza vaccine and hospitalization or death rates among COVID-19 patients, but male sex, older age, and chronic diseases were identified as risk factors for morbidity and mortality within this group.
Review
Immunology
Nicki L. Boddington, Isabelle Pearson, Heather Whitaker, Punam Mangtani, Richard G. Pebody
Summary: This systematic review found that the effectiveness of influenza vaccine against hospitalization in children varies by influenza subtype and vaccine type, with an overall seasonal IVE of 53.3%. IVE was highest against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and lowest against influenza A/H3N2.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Binshan Jiang, Qiangru Huang, Mengmeng Jia, Xinai Xue, Qing Wang, Weizhong Yang, Luzhao Feng
Summary: This study provides a systematic review of the association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19, showing that influenza vaccination can help limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes. However, further studies are needed for a more comprehensive understanding.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kinga Izabela Stanczak-Mrozek, Adam Sobczak, Leszek Lipinski, Elzbieta Sienkiewicz, Dorota Makarewicz, Roman Topor-Madry, Jaroslaw Pinkas, Radoslaw Adam Sierpinski
Summary: Using publicly available data, this study found a potential correlation between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 mortality rate, suggesting a protective effect for individuals aged 60 and above.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto Perez-Rubio, J. Alberto San Roman, Jose Maria Eiros Bouza
Summary: Studies have shown that influenza vaccination has a protective effect on the development and worsening of cardiovascular events, and patients who are vaccinated have a lower risk of death from cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, influenza vaccination is an effective measure in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Immunology
Tracy A. Becerra-Culqui, Darios Getahun, Vicki Chiu, Lina S. Sy, Hung Fu Tseng
Summary: This study investigated the association between prenatal influenza vaccination or infection and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. The findings showed no association between prenatal influenza vaccination or infection and ASD risk in children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francesca Licata, Concetta Paola Pelullo, Giorgia Della Polla, Emma Antonia Citrino, Aida Bianco
Summary: This study investigated the practices, knowledge, and attitudes of Italian healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding influenza vaccination during pregnancy. The findings revealed that a significant number of HCWs had misconceptions about the risks of vaccines and lacked up-to-date knowledge. These findings are valuable for promoting evidence-based recommendations among HCWs.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Toshiki Maeda, Hidenori Sasaki, Atsushi Togawa, Toshihiro Tanaka, Hisatomi Arima, Tohru Takata, Yasushi Takamatsu
Summary: This study investigated the attitudes of Japanese oncologists towards influenza vaccination and the issues surrounding its administration to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Findings revealed that some oncologists do not actively encourage vaccination due to lack of evidence and uncertainty about timing, and highlighted the adverse impact of influenza infection on cancer patients, leading to medication delays or discontinuation.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Fangjun Zhou, Megan C. Lindley, James T. T. Lee, Tara C. Jatlaoui
Summary: A retrospective analysis showed a positive and significant association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and infant influenza vaccination. Infants born to vaccinated mothers had higher vaccination coverage compared to infants born to non-vaccinated mothers. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant individuals may also increase infant vaccination coverage.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Walid Al-Qerem, Anan Jarab, Alaa Hammad, Fawaz Alasmari, Jonathan Ling, Enas Al-Zayadneh, Montaha Al-Iede, Badi'ah Alazab, Leen Hajeer
Summary: This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents of asthmatic children towards influenza vaccination. The results showed that 60.4% of asthmatic children had never received a flu vaccine, with reasons including perceived lack of necessity and forgetfulness. The study emphasized the importance of raising awareness among parents of asthmatic children about the importance of vaccination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Runhong Zhou, Pui Wang, Yik-Chun Wong, Haoran Xu, Siu-Ying Lau, Li Liu, Bobo Wing-Yee Mok, Qiaoli Peng, Na Liu, Kin-Fai Woo, Shaofeng Deng, Rachel Chun-Yee Tam, Haode Huang, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Dongyan Zhou, Biao Zhou, Chun-Yin Chan, Zhenglong Du, Dawei Yang, Ka-Kit Au, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Honglin Chen, Zhiwei Chen
Summary: The study suggests that using a heterologous vaccine regimen (PD1-RBD-DNA/LAIV-HK68-RBD) can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nasal and lung regions by inducing stronger mucosal and systemic immune responses.
Article
Virology
Tori C. Rodrick, Yik Siu, Michael A. Carlock, Ted M. Ross, Drew R. Jones
Summary: Influenza is a significant public health hazard, and efforts are being made to develop a universal flu vaccine. This study focused on evaluating the host response to vaccination in different populations, such as the obese and geriatric. Using metabolomics, the researchers identified potential markers for vaccine response and prognosis, and found metabolic differences between high-risk responders and non-responders within three days of vaccination. They also found specific metabolites associated with seroconversion and early oxidative stress. Further studies will validate these markers in animal models and human trials.
Article
Immunology
Ana Balan, Simona Maria Ruta
Summary: This study investigated the attitudes and behaviors of medical students and resident physicians towards influenza immunization in Romania. The majority of the participants were not vaccinated against influenza, despite being vaccinated against COVID-19. Barriers to influenza vaccination included vaccine accessibility and the necessity to pay for vaccination. Lack of recommendation from medical professionals or teachers was a significant barrier for students. Forgetfulness and lack of prioritization were common reasons for not being vaccinated.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hiroshi Yokomichi, Mie Mochizuki, Sayaka Horiuchi, Megumi Kushima, Ryoji Shinohara, Reiji Kojima, Tadao Ooka, Yuka Akiyama, Kunio Miyake, Sanae Otawa, Zentaro Yamagata
Summary: We examined the association between influenza vaccination history by age 2 and influenza virus infection at ages 3 and 4, finding that vaccination at ages 1 and/or 2 reduced infection risk by 30%-32% at age 3 and 17%-24% at age 4. The risk of recurrent infection at ages 3 and 4 increased with the number of prior infections by age 2. Additionally, one-season-prior influenza vaccination reduced infection risk at age 3 by 25%-42%. We concluded that influenza vaccination has a protective effect and recommends annual vaccination.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Cihan Papan, Alberto Argentiero, Ortwin Adams, Marian Porwoll, Ummaya Hakim, Edoardo Farinelli, Ilaria Testa, Maria B. Pasticci, Daniele Mezzetti, Katia Perruccio, Arne Simon, Johannes G. Liese, Markus Knuf, Michal Stein, Renata Yacobov, Ellen Bamberger, Sven Schneider, Susanna Esposito, Tobias Tenenbaum
Summary: This study found that viral load is associated with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool for assessing disease severity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serafina Perrone, Sara Manti, Luca Buttarelli, Chiara Petrolini, Giovanni Boscarino, Laura Filonzi, Eloisa Gitto, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito, Francesco Nonnis Marzano
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a significant burden in neonatal care, and its definition is currently based on treatment rather than diagnostic criteria. BPD is associated with various prenatal and postnatal risk factors, causing distorted lung development and function. Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in BPD development, with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) being an important candidate. This educational review discusses the inflammatory pathways in BPD and highlights the role of VEGFA, providing an overview of current evidence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elena Capra, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the nutrition and metabolic diseases in children and adolescents, leading to an increase in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The accessibility to healthcare services has been limited, resulting in delayed diagnosis and more severe presentation of type 1 diabetes. Further studies are required to investigate these relationships and develop strategies to mitigate the nutritional and metabolic impact in the developmental ages.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina Cenni, Veronica Sesenna, Giulia Boiardi, Marianna Casertano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, has been recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing these disorders, providing a useful overview.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Bossu, Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Susanna Esposito
Summary: According to the latest report from WHO, around 10.0 million people were affected by tuberculosis (TB) in 2020, with 12% being children under 15 years old. Limited knowledge and lack of registered drugs suitable for pediatric use pose challenges in treating multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in children. This review focuses on therapeutic options and prophylactic management of MDR-TB in children.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Danilo Buonsenso, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Claudia De Guido, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This study reviewed the duration of immune memory and risk of reinfection in children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. The evidence suggests that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop long-lasting immunity but have reduced cross-reactivity against the Omicron variant. Vaccination, on the other hand, provides better cross-neutralization against both pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on these findings, it is recommended to offer booster vaccinations to children infected before Omicron and to more vulnerable children infected with Omicron.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Cannalire, Simone Pilloni, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Anna Di Franco, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes play a crucial role in reflecting bone metabolism. ALP increases mineralization and reduces the concentration of an inhibitor of mineral formation. Different isoenzymes of ALP are expressed in different tissues and the bone isoenzyme (B-ALP) is involved in bone turnover. ALP measurements are important in the diagnosis, differentiation, and follow-up of rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Dal Canto, Tawaddud Hassan Eisa Artaiga, Abdulrahman Ibrahiem Mohamed, Hayat Amin Makki Hassan, Doaa Mahmoud Adam, Moram Awadalla Ibrahiem Ahmed, Jihad Motwali, Manuela Valenti, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries, causing approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Due to the lack of diagnostic tests, empirical therapy is often used to treat diarrheal disease. This case study highlights the life-threatening complications of amoebiasis in children with severe acute malnutrition, emphasizing the need for a rapid and inexpensive diagnostic test and further research on antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Review
Microbiology
Ilaria Testa, Oliviero Crescenzi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, and the features of gut microbiota in CF patients have been found to be altered, with reduced richness and diversity. The imbalanced gut microbial population, with a higher population of pro-inflammatory bacteria and scarcer immunomodulatory genera, may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation and affect clinical outcomes. Manipulation of gut microbiota could potentially be considered as an intervention to regulate the severity and progression of CF.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicola Principi, Giovanni Autore, Serafina Perrone, Susanna Esposito
Summary: RSV is a common respiratory virus that has a significant impact on patients, healthcare systems, and society worldwide. This paper discusses the characteristics of RSV and the current development of new pharmacological measures against this virus.
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Autore, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Susanna Esposito
Summary: The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has led to the development of new drugs and the reappraisal of old drugs. Ensuring access to child-friendly medicines for drug-resistant TB is crucial for reducing the global burden of TB. This perspective highlights the need for child-friendly formulations of second-line drugs to improve adherence to treatment regimens and prevent the development of additional drug resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Letizia Paglialonga, Camilla Aurelio, Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This article summarizes the available evidence on the return to play in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a clinical practice algorithm and highlighting priorities for future studies. The severity of COVID-19 and the presence of underlying diseases are criteria for identifying subjects requiring laboratory and radiological tests before returning to physical activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Mussi, Roberta Forestiero, Giulia Zambelli, Letizia Rossi, Maria Rosaria Caramia, Valentina Fainardi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction in children aged 2 years or older. Both surgical and non-surgical options are effective treatments for OSA in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)