Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jun Weng, Xu Han, Fanhong Zeng, Yue Zhang, Lei Feng, Lei Cai, Kangyan Liang, Shusong Liu, Shao Li, Gongbo Fu, Min Zeng, Yi Gao
Summary: The study utilized a fiber scaffold bioreactor for high-density, 3D culture of porcine hepatocytes to construct a bioartificial liver and evaluated its protective effects in an ALF porcine model. The bioartificial liver treatment enhanced liver regeneration, alleviated systemic inflammatory response, and reduced extrahepatic organ injury, leading to prolonged survival in the ALF model.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ji Q. Wu, Nanda Horeweg, Marco de Bruyn, Remi A. Nout, Ina M. Jurgenliemk-Schulz, Ludy C. H. W. Lutgens, Jan J. Jobsen, Elzbieta M. Van der Steen-Banasik, Hans W. Nijman, Vincent T. H. B. M. Smit, Tjalling Bosse, Carien L. Creutzberg, Viktor H. Koelzer
Summary: The study proposes a new automated causal inference method, AutoCI, for the causal reinterpretation of clinical trial data. Compared with existing methods, AutoCI allows for a clear determination of causal variables by suppressing the causal probability of non-causal variables. The results demonstrate the consistency and robustness of AutoCI in the presence of confounders.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jinglin Wang, Haozhen Ren, Yuxiao Liu, Lingyu Sun, Zhuohao Zhang, Yuanjin Zhao, Xiaolei Shi
Summary: The novel biomimetic bioartificial liver system, inspired by the natural microstructure of hepatic lobules, integrates human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes-laden microparticles and semipermeable microtubes into a microfluidic platform, resulting in functional cell aggregates and effective substances exchange. A 3D liver chip with multiple parallel BBALS units demonstrates its potential in filtering the plasma of ALF rabbits, showing advantages in increasing survival, generating serum proteins, and decreasing inflammation. These properties highlight the broad prospects of BBALS in treating related diseases and enhancing traditional clinical methods.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thomas Y. T. Lam, Max F. K. Cheung, Yasmin L. Munro, Kong Meng Lim, Dennis Shung, Joseph J. Y. Sung
Summary: The number of AI studies in medicine is rapidly increasing, but there is a lack of clear quantification of the clinical benefits. This systematic review of RCTs found that AI-assisted tools showed improved performance in clinical practice, but the available RCTs are limited and heterogeneous. More RCTs integrating AI-assisted tools into clinical practice are needed to advance the role of AI in medicine.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Kevin S. Kim, An-Wen Chan, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Aaron M. Drucker
Summary: Noninferiority trials, which assess the comparability of a new treatment with the standard of care, have increased significantly in publication from 2005 to 2015. These trials differ from superiority trials in various aspects of trial design and have unique considerations.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ziqi Ye, Wenchao Yang, Bixia Xuan, Xiaofang Li, Jiana He, Haiyan Si, Wenhua Ma
Summary: Meta-analysis reveals that Sintilimab treatment in cancer can significantly improve overall survival and progression free survival, with better safety profile.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Izza Shahid, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Stephen J. Greene, Ambarish Pandey, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Harriette G. c. Van Spall, Robert J. Mentz, Shahzeb Khan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of heart failure RCTs that report outcomes different from those prespecified. The results showed that more than 10% of trials reported inconsistent outcomes, with various types of inconsistencies including omission, changes in order, and addition of new outcomes. These findings suggest the need for action to reduce selective reporting and improve transparency.
JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Wim Ceelen, Kjetil Soreide
Summary: Surgery is crucial for the treatment of solid cancers and plays an important role in multimodal cancer management. Surgeons and multidisciplinary teams make decisions based on reliable data, preferably from trials, to provide the best care for cancer patients. Enhancing research literacy among surgical candidates is a priority for the development of the ESSO core curriculum, and a set of principles and emerging concepts is presented to guide surgical oncologists in reading, understanding, planning, and contributing to future surgeon-led cancer trials.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Noor Ul Amin, Faiza Sabir, Talal Amin, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Karla Robles-Velasco, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
Summary: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show great potential in the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF), significantly reducing the risk of heart failure events and readmissions.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Ross L. Prentice, Aaron K. Aragaki
Summary: This article discusses the use of intention-to-treat (ITT) comparisons in randomized controlled trials, particularly in adjusting for nonadherence. The study primarily relies on highly flexible hazard ratio regression methods to report results, but these methods have been criticized for being difficult to interpret, oversimplified, and inconsistent with modern causality theories. The article extends the use of hazard rate methods for ITT comparisons in the Women's Health Initiative trials.
STATISTICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lei Feng, Yi Wang, Yu Fu, Adilijiang Yimamu, Zeyi Guo, Chenjie Zhou, Shao Li, Linya Zhang, Jiasheng Qin, Shusong Liu, Xiaoping Xu, Zesheng Jiang, Shaoru Cai, Jianmin Zhang, Yang Li, Qing Peng, Xiao Yi, Guolin He, Ting Li, Yi Gao
Summary: This study explored the effectiveness and mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs)-based bioartificial liver (hUCMSC-BAL) for treating acute liver failure (ALF) by inhibiting cell apoptosis through the sEV miR-139-5p/PDE4D axis. It was found that hUCMSC-BAL significantly reduced inflammatory responses, improved liver function, and enhanced liver cell regeneration in ALF mice. Therefore, hUCMSC-BAL is proposed as a therapeutic strategy for early ALF patients.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Insiyah Campwala, Francis X. Guyette, Joshua B. Brown, Mark H. Yazer, Brian J. Daley, Richard S. Miller, Brian G. Harbrecht, Jeffrey A. Claridge, Herbert A. Phelan, Brian Eastridge, Raminder Nirula, Gary A. Vercruysse, Terence O'Keeffe, Bellal Joseph, Matthew D. Neal, Brian S. Zuckerbraun, Jason L. Sperry
Summary: A secondary analysis of data from two large prehospital randomized controlled trials was conducted to study the effects of multiorgan failure (MOF) and nosocomial infection (NI) on delayed mortality and resource utilization in severely injured patients. MOF was found to be an independent predictor of mortality, while NI was associated with higher resource utilization.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alessandro Parente, Fabio Tirotta, Alessia Pini, Janina Eden, Daniele Dondossola, Tommaso M. Manzia, Philipp Dutkowski, Andrea Schlegel
Summary: Machine perfusion in liver transplantation can reduce the incidence of early allograft dysfunction and major complications. However, more comparative clinical trials and long-term follow-up studies are needed to support its application in clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Reem Dimachkie, Rachelle Hamadi, Zakaria Alameddine, Hussam Aridi, Fouad Sakr, Samer Asmar, Liliane Deeb
Summary: This meta-analysis suggests that the combination of GCSF and SMT may have a positive impact on the survival rate and improvement in CPT score in patients with DC. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to shed more light on this promising modality in end-stage liver disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Shan Li, Li Tao, Haiyun Dai, Xue Gong, Yuguo Zhuo, Hui Xiang, Yueyang Zhao, Qing Gao, Liang Deng
Summary: Both BRCA1-mutated and BRCA2-mutated patients can benefit from PARPi with comparable efficacy, and there is currently no evidence to suggest that BRCA2-mutated patients would benefit more from PARPi than BRCA1-mutated patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)