Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura J. Miller, Cara Douglas, Fiona S. McCullough, Simon J. Stanworth, Philip C. Calder
Summary: There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of immunonutrition in reducing infectious episodes in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further well-defined studies are needed to determine the role of immunonutrition in specific cancer groups.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Xu Sang, Xiaotong Xue, Zihao Mi, Zhenzhen Wang, Xueping Yu, Lele Sun, Shanshan Ma, Zhe Wang, Hong Liu, Furen Zhang
Summary: Keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the skin epidermis, play a crucial role in protecting the skin from external factors and acting as an immune barrier against microbial invasion. This study utilized single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to investigate the immune defense mechanisms of keratinocytes against mycobacterial infection. The induction of IL-32 in response to Mycobacterium marinum infection suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for chronic cutaneous mycobacterial infections.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongbo She, Rabban Mangat, Sue Tsai, Spencer D. Proctor, Caroline Richard
Summary: Obesity is strongly linked to inflammation, impaired insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and immune function. Recent research has provided insights into the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in obesity, using various animal and clinical models. Nutritional strategies, particularly those involving choline-rich foods, are emerging as potential ways to improve immune function in the context of obesity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ming Yang, Shi-Qi Lin, Xiao-Yue Liu, Meng Tang, Chun-Lei Hu, Zi-Wen Wang, Qi Zhang, Xi Zhang, Meng-Meng Song, Guo-Tian Ruan, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Tong Liu, Hai-Lun Xie, He-Yang Zhang, Chen-An Liu, Kang-Ping Zhang, Qin-Qin Li, Xiang-Rui Li, Yi-Zhong Ge, Yu-Ying Liu, Yue Chen, Xin Zheng, Han-Ping Shi
Summary: The CALLY index, combining CRP, albumin, and lymphocyte, is independently associated with overall survival in CRC patients and has higher prognostic value than classical CRC prognostic factors. The nomogram provides more accurate prognostic prediction than TNM stage.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Plum, Rebecca Binzberger, Robin Thiele, Fuwei Shang, Daniel Postrach, Candice Fung, Marina Fortea, Nathalie Stakenborg, Zheng Wang, Anke Tappe-Theodor, Tanja Poth, Duncan A. A. MacLaren, Guy Boeckxstaens, Rohini Kuner, Claudia Pitzer, Hannah Monyer, Cuiyan Xin, Joseph V. Bonventre, Satoshi Tanaka, David Voehringer, Pieter Vanden Berghe, Jessica Strid, Thorsten B. Feyerabend, Hans-Reimer Rodewald
Summary: The physiological functions of mast cells are not well understood. Mast cells are involved in type 2 immunity and promote allergic diseases through the interaction with immunoglobulin E (IgE). However, allergic symptoms may also facilitate the elimination of allergens, toxins, and parasites and trigger future antigen avoidance. In this study, mast cells were found to be crucial for antigen-specific avoidance behavior in inbred mice. This behavior prevented immune activation and inflammation in the stomach and small intestine. Antigen avoidance was dependent on IgE and regulated by Th2 cytokines in the immunization phase and by IgE in the execution phase. Mucosal mast cells quickly detected the ingestion of antigens. Multiple signaling pathways between mast cells and the brain were identified. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis impaired avoidance, but no single pathway interruption completely abolished it, suggesting complex regulation. Overall, antigen avoidance mediated by mast cells may play an important role in preventing immunopathology and repeated ingestion of toxins.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erin Diane Lewis, Dayong Wu, Simin Nikbin Meydani
Summary: Immunosenescence refers to age-related changes in the immune system, characterized by complex alterations in immune function and dysregulation of inflammatory processes. These changes include alterations in innate immune responses and a decline in the number and function of T cells, which can contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer in older adults. Additionally, older adults have higher levels of inflammatory mediators circulating in their bodies.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Matthew B. Roberts, Jay A. Fishman
Summary: Successful solid organ transplantation requires meticulous attention to immunosuppression details, balancing rejection and infection risks. The state of immune suppression serves as a conceptual framework for infectious risk, with a lack of assays measuring immune function. Adjusting immunosuppression during infections is rarely studied, leading to management largely based on clinical experience.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Luigi Marongiu, Markus Burkard, Sascha Venturelli, Heike Allgayer
Summary: The role and function of bacteriophages in the intestine have been underestimated, but dietary compounds may play a crucial role in modulating their activity and potentially reorganizing the microbial network to combat or prevent gastrointestinal diseases. Additional research is needed to further understand the impact of dietary compounds on bacteriophages and the gut microbiome.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Ting Bian, Yi-Wen Shen, Yu-Dong Zhou, Dale G. Nagle, Ying-Yun Guan, Wei-Dong Zhang, Xin Luan
Summary: CD47 is recognized as an important innate immune checkpoint. CD47-targeted drugs have been developed to inhibit its interaction with SIRP alpha for antitumor immunotherapy. CD47 also plays key roles in cell proliferation, cell death, angiogenesis, and integrin-activation-dependent cell responses. Various strategies, such as antibodies, small molecules, siRNAs, and peptides, have been developed to target CD47 and show promising results in cancer treatment.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Junfeng Nie, Xiaoqian Su, Li Wei, Hua Li
Summary: The study shows that early enteral nutrition support has a positive impact on the immune function, inflammatory response, and physical recovery of patients with colon carcinoma.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hajar El Filaly, Meryem Mabrouk, Farah Atifi, Fadila Guessous, Khadija Akarid, Yahye Merhi, Younes Zaid
Summary: Platelets play a crucial role in primary hemostasis and pathological inflammation-induced thrombosis. Recent studies have expanded the understanding of platelets, placing them within the immune continuum and highlighting their involvement in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Platelets express Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), which are key receptors in the inflammatory cell-cell reaction and the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the role of platelets in modulating platelet count and adaptive immune response during viral infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Moeko Momokita, Atsushi Abe, Kanae Shibata, Hiroki Hayashi, Takanori Ishihama, Hiroki Inoue, Motonobu Achiwa, Shinichi Taniguchi, Atsushi Nakayama
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oral assessment guide (OAG) and poor nutrition in gastric cancer patients, as well as to explore the management of oral function to reduce oral mucositis. Results showed a significant association between the OAG score and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) among gastric cancer patients.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melina Heimer, Marc Teschler, Boris Schmitz, Frank C. Mooren
Summary: The effects of probiotics on the immune system, URTI, and GI symptoms in athletes, healthy adults, and recreationally active individuals remain inconclusive. Further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan Zhang, Hongli Li, Xiang Tian, Sujuan Zhang
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers, and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. The results showed that reasonable enteral nutrition significantly improved heart function, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, enhanced immunity and performance status, and improved gastrointestinal tolerance without obvious adverse reactions. This has important clinical significance for the recovery of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thiago Barros Estanislau, Karsten Kruger, Jose Cesar Rosa-Neto, Camila S. Padilha, Daniela Caetano Goncalves, Luciele Guerra Minuzzi, Fabio Santos Lira
Summary: Feeding pattern is closely related to health status, and timed eating can promote molecular synchronization and a healthy response. Disorganized feeding patterns may lead to non-synchronization of clock genes and chronic diseases. Time-restricted eating is an effective strategy for promoting health and treating chronic diseases.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
(2022)