Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders Sjodin
Summary: The systematic review found that increasing protein intake can have a moderate beneficial effect on body weight management. Additionally, individuals with prediabetes or without obesity risk alleles were found to benefit more from a high-protein diet.
Article
Surgery
Stefan Wallen, Gustaf Bruze, Johan Ottosson, Claude Marcus, Johan Sundstrom, Eva Szabo, Torsten Olbers, Maria Palmetun-Ekback, Ingmar Naslund, Martin Neovius
Summary: This study aimed to compare the use of opioids in patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery versus those who underwent intensive lifestyle modification. The results showed that patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a higher proportion of opioid users and a larger total opioid dose, especially in those who received additional surgery during follow-up.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maggie A. Stanislawski, Daniel N. Frank, Sarah J. Borengasser, Danielle M. Ostendorf, Diana Ir, Purevsuren Jambal, Kristen Bing, Liza Wayland, Janet C. Siebert, Daniel H. Bessesen, Paul S. MacLean, Edward L. Melanson, Victoria A. Catenacci
Summary: The ongoing weight loss trial comparing daily caloric restriction to intermittent fasting in overweight or obese adults found significant improvements in clinical health measures and altered composition and diversity of fecal microbiota in the first three months. Significant associations were observed between gut microbiota features and clinical measures such as weight and waist circumference. Differences in the relative abundance of Akkermansia were also seen between the intervention groups.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dorottya Zsalig, Aniko Berta, Vivien Toth, Zoltan Szabo, Klara Simon, Maria Figler, Henriette Pusztafalvi, Eva Polyak
Summary: Obesity is a growing public health problem globally, contributing to over 60% of deaths associated with high body mass index. Recent studies have emphasized the significant role of gut microbiota in obesity. Alterations in gut microbiota impact the host organism's energy balance by affecting energy production from diet and regulating energy expenditure and storage genes. The composition of gut microbiota is variable and influenced by various dietary factors, suggesting the potential of manipulating gut microbiota to promote weight loss or prevent obesity. This narrative review summarizes recent research on the impact of gut microbiota on obesity development and explores factors such as diet, dietary components, lifestyle, and environment that may affect gut microbiota composition. Possible strategies for obesity prevention and treatment include consuming prebiotics, probiotics, fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding animal-derived foods high in saturated fat and sugar.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Snehal N. Chaudhari, James N. Luo, David A. Harris, Hassan Aliakbarian, Lina Yao, Donggi Paik, Renuka Subramaniam, Arijit A. Adhikari, Ashley H. Vernon, Ayse Kilic, Scott T. Weiss, Jun R. Huh, Eric G. Sheu, A. Sloan Devlin
Summary: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes, associated with changes in gut metabolites. Activation of the vitamin D receptor post-surgery leads to increased production of cholic acid-7-sulfate (CA7S), facilitating selective transport across the gut epithelium. Additionally, the microbiome-dependent pathway plays a crucial role in connecting a microbial metabolite with the improvement of diabetic phenotypes through CA7S synthesis and GLP-1 secretion.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Saniea F. Majid, Farah A. Husain, Yong Choi, Sujata Gill, Bruce Schirmer, Matthew Kroh, Marina Kurian
Summary: This article presents the top 10 seminal articles regarding Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), focusing on operative safety, outcomes, surgical technique, and physiologic changes after the procedure. These articles aim to enhance surgeons' understanding and mastery of RYGB surgery, supporting its widespread acceptance and use.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kimberly R. Smith, Timothy H. Moran
Summary: Food intake is tightly regulated by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic needs to control body weight; peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides play a key role in appetite regulation; hormone-based pharmacotherapies are available for the treatment of obesity and eating disorders.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nawfal W. Istfan, Marine Lipartia, Wendy A. Anderson, Donald T. Hess, Caroline M. Apovian
Summary: This study presents a practical approach for early recognition of weight regain after bariatric surgery, including classification and treatment options. Emphasizing the importance of regular long-term follow-up for all bariatric surgery patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jean-Eric Tarride, Aristithes G. Doumouras, Dennis Hong, J. Michael Paterson, Semra Tibebu, Francis Nguyen, Richard Perez, Valerie H. Taylor, Feng Xie, Vanessa Boudreau, Eleanor Pullenayegum, David R. Urbach, Mehran Anvari
Summary: This study compared 4-year health care expenditures after RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy, finding no significant differences in all-cause mortality and number of hospital admissions between the two procedures, but more frequent nonelective hospitalizations with RYGB. Patients who underwent RYGB had a lower rate of subsequent bariatric procedures.
Article
Surgery
Shibo Lin, Cong Li, Wei Guan, Hui Liang
Summary: In this study, SG+JJB resulted in higher weight loss than SG and comparable weight loss to RYGB at the 3-year follow-up. The diabetes remission rate of SG+JJB was similar to SG or RYGB. However, SG+JJB increased the risk of malodorous flatus compared to SG and de novo GERD symptoms compared to RYGB.
Review
Surgery
Pirjo Kakela, Tuomo Rantanen, Kirsi A. Virtanen
Summary: The narrative review discusses the potential optimization of outcomes in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery by modifying the length of bypassed small intestine based on total small intestinal length. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, the authors emphasize the importance of carefully selecting the excluded small intestine length for each individual patient to achieve efficient metabolic outcomes.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Ranil Jayawardena, Tormalli Francis, Sachith Abhayaratna, Priyanga Ranasinghe
Summary: A systematic review of clinical trials evaluating the effects of C. fimbriata as an appetite suppressant and weight loss supplement found that while the plant extract showed some reduction in waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, it did not significantly affect body weight, BMI, hip circumference, biochemical factors, or appetite parameters. Additionally, few studies reported mild side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and rashes among individuals who consumed the extract.
BMC COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND THERAPIES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wendy L. Hall
Summary: The Winter Conference 2021 focused on the effects of obesity on brain function, developments in behavioural change interventions, neurobiology of appetite regulation and treatment, and personalised medicine for obesity prevention and treatment. The plenary lectures discussed sweetness perceptions and the potential mismatch between metabolic signals and reward systems in the brain, as well as novel approaches to treating binge-eating disorders.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristine Conde, Shuzheng Fang, Yong Xu
Summary: The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, but effective obesity therapies are lacking. Despite the identification of new therapeutic targets and improvements in drug efficacy, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain challenges for the weight-loss industry. The neurotransmitter serotonin, specifically its involvement in appetite reduction and weight loss, has been extensively studied. This review focuses on the history, current research, previous therapies, and future prospects of serotonin as a therapeutic target for individuals with obesity.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rutger J. Franken, Josephine Franken, Nina R. Sluiter, Ralph de Vries, Sjoerd Euser, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Maurits de Brauw
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate various revisional techniques for addressing weight regain and inadequate weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The results showed that endoscopic procedures resulted in short-term weight loss, while surgical revision techniques were more successful in achieving long-term weight loss, albeit with higher complication rates.