Article
Virology
Katrina A. Gianopulos, Tri Komala Sari, Darin J. Weed, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony Nicola
Summary: Low endosomal pH facilitates herpesvirus entry in a cell-specific manner. The gC protein of HSV-1 plays a critical role in low-pH entry pathway by regulating the conformational changes of viral envelope glycoprotein B (gB). This study reveals that low pH triggers conformational changes in gC itself, and a specific gC epitope is important for low-pH entry inhibition.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Nithya Jambunathan, Carolyn M. Clark, Farhana Musarrat, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jared Rudd, Konstantin G. Kousoulas
Summary: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are prototypical alphaherpesviruses that infect neurons and establish lifelong latent infections. They cause orofacial and ocular infections, genital and neonatal infections respectively. The viral glycoproteins bind to cellular receptors to enter cells and mediate cell-to-cell fusion for virus spread. The complex of viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors play a critical role in virus entry and spread.
Article
Microbiology
Ye Liu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Deyan Chen, Zhenping Huang, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited HSV-1 infection and two ACV-resistant strains by mainly targeting HVEM and reducing the early stage of HSV-1 infection. The study demonstrated that HT could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Qing Fan, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. Connolly
Summary: The viral fusion protein glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for virus entry in all herpesviruses. By introducing structure-based mutations, researchers identified mutations that counteracted a slow-entry phenotype in the virus and found that these mutations were located in different regions of the gB protein.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Hongyan Guo, Heather S. Koehler, Richard D. Dix, Edward S. Mocarski
Summary: HSV1 is a common human pathogen that can cause oral and ocular diseases. Host immune mechanisms and cell death pathways play important roles in controlling HSV1 infection, while the virus has evolved strategies to evade host cell death.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Sajal Deea Shukla, Tibor Valyi-Nagy
Summary: HSV-1 is a human virus that causes lifelong infections and can lead to various diseases, including blindness and central nervous system diseases. Host molecules play important roles in the infection process, including immune response, autophagy, and inflammation. Understanding the interaction between the virus and host molecules is essential for developing effective treatments.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Qing Fan, Daniel P. Hippler, Yueqi Yang, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. A. Connolly
Summary: This study reveals that two mutations in gH (H789Y and S830N) contribute to the activation of gB during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) entry into cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional interactions between gH/gL and gB.
Review
Immunology
Krishnaraju Madavaraju, Raghuram Koganti, Ipsita Volety, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Herpes simplex virus has a wide host range and can cause severe infections in humans. Its surface glycoproteins play a crucial role in binding to host cell receptors and facilitating the entry process. Understanding the mechanisms of viral entry is essential for developing antiviral strategies against HSV.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Becky H. Lee, Giulia Tebaldi, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony Nicola
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of the NEDD8 cascade in the internalization of HSV-1 and HSV-2, while having minimal effect on the entry of veterinary viruses. The results provide new insights into the cellular processes involved in HSV internalization.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xiaowei Song, Yiliang Wang, Feng Li, Wenyan Cao, Qiongzhen Zeng, Shurong Qin, Zhaoyang Wang, Jiaoyan Jia, Ji Xiao, Xiao Hu, Kaisheng Liu, Yifei Wang, Zhe Ren
Summary: This study found that inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have antiviral activity against HSV-1 infection in neuronal cells. The results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors promote viral adsorption but inhibit subsequent penetration, providing further insights into the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 in HSV-1 infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Deepthi Konda, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Rahul Dhodapkar, Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh, Devinder Mohan Thappa
Summary: This study characterized the clinical markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. It was found that male sex, presence of fissures, hemorrhagic crusts, erosions with angulated margins, linear erosions, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with HSV infection. Hemorrhagic crusts and linear erosions were identified as independent predictors of HSV infection.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Manisha Pandey, Hira Choudhury, Azila Abdul-Aziz, Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra, Bapi Gorain, Jocelyn Sziou Ting Su, Choo Leey Tan, Woon Yee Chin, Khar Yee Yip
Summary: Eyes are vulnerable to various ailments, with corneal infection by herpes simplex viruses being a prevalent yet serious cause of blindness globally. Novel drug delivery systems, including nanocarriers, prodrugs, and peptides, play a vital role in improving therapeutic efficacy and patient convenience in the treatment of ocular herpes infections.
Article
Virology
Hitomi Ikeda, Hiroaki Uchida, Yu Okubo, Tomoko Shibata, Yasuhiko Sasaki, Takuma Suzuki, Mika Hamada-Uematsu, Ryota Hamasaki, Kosaku Okuda, Miki Yamaguchi, Masaki Kojima, Masato Tanaka, Hirofumi Hamada, Hideaki Tahara
Summary: Our study demonstrates the development of a novel antibody-screening system for identifying unique molecules that mediate virus entry via non-authentic receptors, potentially contributing to the discovery of new targets for retargeted oncolytic HSVs.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Han Yan, Jie Wang, Jiayi Yang, Zhongqiu Xu, Chunxia Li, Cui Hao, Shixin Wang, Wei Wang
Summary: This study explored the anti-HSV-2 activity of a marine sulfated polysaccharide known as PSSD. It was found that PSSD demonstrated significant anti-HSV-2 activity with low cytotoxicity in vitro. PSSD was observed to directly interact with virus particles to prevent virus adsorption and inhibit virus-induced membrane fusion. In vivo experiments showed that PSSD effectively attenuated genital herpes symptoms, reduced virus shedding, and outperformed acyclovir. These findings highlight the potential of PSSD as a novel anti-genital herpes agent.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Navya Bellamkonda, Upendra Pradeep Lambe, Sonali Sawant, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This article discusses the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the mechanisms of various vaccine platforms, as well as the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the adjuvants used in vaccine formulations.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annemarie J. F. Westheim, Lara M. Stoffels, Ludwig J. Dubois, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Ardy van Helvoort, Ramon C. J. Langen, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jan Theys
Summary: Nutritional status, especially the intake of fatty acids, plays a crucial role in the outcome of immunotherapy. Short-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have significant effects on the immune system and immunogenicity of tumor cells, enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, nutritional interventions focusing on these fatty acids have great potential to boost the therapeutic potential of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, David Wu, Pritam Kumar Panda, Sudhanshu Kumar Singh, Ipsita Volety, Rajeev Ahuja, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Deepak Shukla
Summary: In this study, a small molecule called BX795 was discovered as a potential antiviral drug that can directly interact with the host factor protein kinase C (PKC) to reduce viral replication. This finding sheds light on a previously unknown mechanism by which BX795 exerts its antiviral potential.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Virology
Pankaj Sharma, Divya Kapoor, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This article discusses the role of HPSE and SDC-1 as newly identified host factors that facilitate HSV-1 release during infection.
Article
Microbiology
Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Divya Kapoor, Deepak Shukla
Summary: HSV-1 infection induces significant alterations in host metabolism, limiting the energy and macromolecular precursors required for viral replication. This study is of great importance for understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James Elste, Angelica Chan, Chandrashekhar Patil, Vinisha Tripathi, Daniel M. Shadrack, Dinesh Jaishankar, Andrew Hawkey, Michelle Swanson Mungerson, Deepak Shukla, Vaibhav Tiwari
Summary: The structural diversity of heparan sulfate (HS) in various vertebrates and invertebrates is remarkably preserved and plays a key role in ligand binding and virus entry. The interaction between glycoprotein D (gD) from herpes simplex virus (HSV) and 3-O sulfated HS leads to virus-cell fusion and HSV entry. HSV-1, which infects a large number of people worldwide, can also cause severe diseases in both primates and non-primates. The enzymatic modification of HS by 3-O sulfotransferase-3 (3-OST-3) enhances HSV-1 infectivity and suggests a possible role of HS in cross-species transmission.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Divya Kapoor, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures released from neutrophils mainly containing cell-free DNA decorated with histones and neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can be induced by various stimuli such as pathogens, cytokines, and immune complexes. They have both beneficial and detrimental effects in capturing pathogens and aggravating inflammation. This review focuses on the formation mechanism of NETs in different ocular pathologies, particularly highlighting their potential implications during herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular infections and as prospective targets for ocular disease treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annemarie J. F. Westheim, Lara M. Stoffels, Ludwig J. Dubois, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Ardy van Helvoort, Ramon C. J. Langen, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jan Theys
Summary: Cancer burden is increasing rapidly globally, with lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet being major contributors. The specific fatty acids that contribute to a healthy and balanced diet in terms of cancer risk and prognosis are still unclear. This review explores the associations between intake of different fatty acids and cancer risk, as well as the effects of specific fatty acids on tumor cells and inflammation-induced cancer progression, highlighting challenges and opportunities for fatty acid tailored nutritional interventions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Alex Agelidis, Raghuram Koganti, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Joshua M. Ames, Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This study found that compared to animals lacking HPSE, wild-type mice exhibit notable pathophysiology during HSV-1 reinfection. HPSE promotes infected cell survival and supports the formation of a pro-disease environment. In contrast, lack of HPSE enhances intrinsic immunity by promoting cytokine expression, inducing necroptosis of infected cells, and decreasing leukocyte infiltration into the cornea. Overall, recent prior infection immunity fails to abolish disease manifestation during HSV-1 reinfection unless HPSE is rendered inactive.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Sudhanshu Kumar Singh, Abhijit A. Date, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This study evaluated the acute and short-term toxicity of orally administered BX795 in mice, as well as its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. The results showed that orally administered BX795 was well tolerated, had an oral bioavailability of 56%, and reached ocular and genital tissues within the first 15 min of dosing. The study indicated that orally administered BX795 can significantly reduce herpesvirus replication in ocular and genital tissue.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Article
Microbiology
Ilina Bhattacharya, Ipsita Volety, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) plays a crucial role in defending against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and the interplay between OPTN, TBK1, and autophagy significantly impacts the outcome of HSV-1 infection.