Review
Immunology
Charneal L. Dixon, Katrina Mekhail, Gregory D. Fairn
Summary: Phagocytosis is a process used by cells to engulf particles, with proteins modified by lipids to regulate signal transduction and immune functions. S-acylation, specifically S-palmitoylation, is a reversible modification that plays a role in regulating phagocytosis and phagosome biology in macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Emily Naish, Alexander J. T. Wood, Andrew P. Stewart, Matthew Routledge, Andrew Conway Morris, Edwin R. Chilvers, Katharine M. Lodge
Summary: Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a crucial role in the initial innate immune response to infection. They eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis and a complex interplay of multiple systems and mechanisms within the phagosome creates an antimicrobial environment. However, gaps in knowledge and controversies exist regarding how neutrophil phagosomes optimize pathogen killing.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Julyanna Oliveira de Castro, Melissa Ercilia Santos Matos, Giulia De Bonis, Jane Lima dos Santos
Summary: This article presents a method to evaluate the clearance efficiency of macrophages against fungi. The method allows for the investigation of macrophage-fungal interactions and assessment of the viability of engulfed conidia.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Omar Pena-Ramos, Lucia Chiao, Xianghua Liu, Xiaomeng Yu, Tianyou Yao, Henry He, Zheng Zhou
Summary: Autophagosomes play a crucial role in facilitating the degradation of apoptotic cells. They are recruited to the surfaces of phagosomes containing apoptotic cells and subsequently fuse with them, allowing the inner vesicle to enter the phagosomal lumen. Defects in autophagosome production result in significant defects in the degradation of apoptotic cells.
Article
Ecology
Ramon Massana, Aurelie Labarre, David Lopez-Escardo, Aleix Obiol, Francois Bucchini, Thomas Hackl, Matthias G. Fischer, Klaas Vandepoele, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, Filip Husnik, Patrick J. Keeling
Summary: Phagocytosis is a fundamental process in marine ecosystems, but studies on the genes underlying this process in free-living phagocytizing protists are still scarce. Recent reanalysis revealed the widespread presence of Cafeteria burkhardae in global oceans, leading to a transcriptomics study to identify key genes. The study found distinct gene expression profiles between exponential and stationary phases, including highly expressed phagocytosis genes like peptidases and proton pumps.
Review
Cell Biology
Nima Taefehshokr, Charles Yin, Bryan Heit
Summary: Phagocytosis and efferocytosis are tightly regulated processes involving target recognition and uptake through specific receptors, followed by endolysosomal trafficking and processing of the internalized target. The Rab family of small GTPases play a central role in coordinating the engulfment and trafficking of both phagocytosed and efferocytosed materials through the endolysosomal system.
HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura C. Ristow, Andrew J. Jezewski, Benjamin J. Chadwick, Mark A. Stamnes, Xiaorong Lin, Damian J. Krysan
Summary: Cryptococcus spp. must adapt to high host CO2 concentrations to cause life-threatening meningitis. The TOR pathway and Ypk1 play critical roles in C. neoformans' adaptation to host CO2 by influencing the phosphatidylserine membrane structure. Additionally, a transporter protein called PDR9 has been identified, which suppresses CO2-induced membrane remodeling and increases susceptibility to host CO2 concentrations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mahlegha Ghavami, Gregory D. Fairn
Summary: This minireview discusses the functions of ER-phagosome contact sites in the process of phagocytosis, from the early stages of particle engulfment to the dissolution of phagolysosome into lysosomes. It also highlights the aspects of ER-phagosome contact sites that require further exploration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Johannes Westman, Sergio Grinstein
Summary: The ability of phagosomes to halt microbial growth is closely linked to their ability to acidify their luminal pH, but certain pathogens can survive and replicate inside phagosomes by targeting the pH-regulatory machinery of host cells to survive or escape.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Philipp Woitzik, Stefan Linder
Summary: Borreliae are highly motile bacteria characterized by their corkscrew-like shape and can be transmitted by tick bites, leading to severe illnesses in humans. Macrophages, as part of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating invading borreliae. Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is the most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe, affecting various tissues and highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between borreliae and the human immune system.
Article
Immunology
Trisha Parbhoo, Haiko Schurz, Jacoba M. Mouton, Samantha L. Sampson
Summary: As infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis progresses, the bacteria experience various host stressors in the macrophage phagosome, which promote the formation of persister subpopulations. This study used a flow cytometry-based method to characterize the single-cell replication dynamics and phenotypic heterogeneity of M. tuberculosis persisters following macrophage infection. The results showed that different host factors impact the intracellular bacterial burden and entry into persistence in macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kayla M. Fantone, Joanna B. Goldberg, Arlene A. Stecenko, Balazs Rada
Summary: The airway environment in cystic fibrosis (CF) restricts neutrophils' ability to kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CF sputum impairs phagosomal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MRSA-phagocytosing neutrophils, leading to diminished microbicidal activities.
Article
Immunology
Hitoshi Nakayama, Kei Hanafusa, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Eriko Oshima, Tomomi Hotta, Kenji Takamori, Hideoki Ogawa, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
Summary: This study investigated the roles of CD11b and TMDU3 in macrophage phagocytosis of mycobacteria and subsequent bactericidal lysosomal fusion to phagosomes. CD11b knockout cells showed significant attenuation of phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria and LAM-conjugated beads, while recombinant human CD11b protein was found to bind to LAM. TMDU3 inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria, slightly increased the phagocytosis under opsonized conditions, and significantly enhanced CD11b-mediated bactericidal functions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yonghui Huo, Xing Liang, Jun Yan, Ling Huang, Weiying Lin
Summary: The study developed a dual-channel signal fluorescent probe RD for accurately and visually detecting lysosomal pH changes in living cells, achieving the visualization of distinguishing between natural lysosomes and acidic lysosomes.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhaolun Li, Yulu Gao, Gang Chen, Leili Wang, Jiaqi Chu, Hongyu Han, Yuting Chen, Guang Zhou
Summary: The immune system is a complex mechanism that has evolved to protect people from infectious pathogens. Phagocytosis plays a crucial role in both innate and acquired immunity, allowing for the consumption and elimination of microbial pathogens and apoptotic cells. However, some pathogens have developed strategies to evade detection and killing by phagocytosis. Understanding immune evasion is important in the face of increasing infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance, as it can lead to the development of new treatments and vaccines. Additionally, researchers often focus on the immune evasion of individual pathogens without summarizing the overall mechanisms from an immune perspective.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)