Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Jonathan Najenson
Summary: This paper evaluates the implications of applying optogenetic tools to the localization of the engram, discussing challenges to vehicle and content localization, as well as the silent engram hypothesis. Overall, the author argues that conceptions of engram localization need to be revised to align with optogenetic studies.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bianca Papotti, Joan Carles Escola-Gil, Josep Julve, Francesco Poti, Ilaria Zanotti
Summary: Reverse cholesterol transport is a physiological mechanism that protects cells from excessive cholesterol accumulation, while dietary lipids may have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of different types of dietary lipids on various steps of RCT and provides a critical analysis of data from experimental models to clarify their effects on cardiovascular disease.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Felicie Costantino, Hendrick Mambu Mambueni, Roula Said-Nahal, Henri-Jean Garchon, Maxime Breban
Summary: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high familial aggregation, showing genetic susceptibility factors. Family-based studies indicate a likely oligogenic transmission model with multiplicative effects, highlighting the complex interplay between different SpA subtypes. Despite the identification of over 40 susceptibility regions through case-control genome-wide association studies, these loci only explain a small portion of disease predisposition, leading to a renewed interest in family-based designs for detecting rare associated variants.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Susan T. Harbison
Summary: Selective breeding is a unique strategy that explores the phenotypic limits of sleep and circadian behavior, discovers correlated traits, identifies genetic variants and gene expression changes that affect trait variability, and pinpoints genes with conserved roles.
Review
Immunology
Yiyun Shi, Chen Wang
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of the clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and outcomes of lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES). The results show that L-HES patients have a heavier disease burden, and the presence of CD3(-)CD4(+) lymphocytes is associated with higher numbers of eosinophils and organ involvement. Corticosteroids are the most commonly used treatment, but additional therapies are often required. In addition, there is an increased risk of lymphoma transformation in L-HES patients, which may be associated with cardiovascular involvement and the use of imatinib.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christophe Coperet, Zachariah J. Berkson, Ka Wing Chan, Jordan de Jesus Silva, Christopher P. Gordon, Margherita Pucino, Pavel A. Zhizhko
Summary: Olefin metathesis has been a focus of scientific discussions and technology development since its early days, leading to the development of widely used homogeneous and supported catalysts. Through detailed mechanistic studies and the development of molecular organometallic chemistry, researchers have unlocked the structure-activity relationships for supported olefin metathesis catalysts.
Article
Oceanography
David I. Little, Stephen R. J. Sheppard, David Hulme
Summary: Over the past half century, scientific knowledge of marine pollution and oil spill response has advanced, but challenges remain in terms of access, governance, cost, and realpolitik barriers. Accelerating decarbonization and improving emergency response measures are crucial for reducing the impact of oil spills.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachael Vaubel, Valentina Zschernack, Quynh T. Tran, Sarah Jenkins, Alissa Caron, Dragana Milosevic, James Smadbeck, George Vasmatzis, Daniela Kandels, Astrid Gnekow, Christof Kramm, Robert Jenkins, Benjamin R. Kipp, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Brent A. Orr, Torsten Pietsch, Caterina Giannini
Summary: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytoma that predominantly affects children and young adults. Comprehensive genomic characterization revealed frequent alterations in CDKN2A/B deletion and BRAFp.V600E. Clinical follow-up data showed a significant difference in overall survival between PXA and A-PXA, while progression-free survival did not show a significant difference.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yun Zheng, Tyler J. Slade, Lei Hu, Xian Yi Tan, Yubo Luo, Zhong-Zhen Luo, Jianwei Xu, Qingyu Yan, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in defect engineering to enhance the thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties of inorganic materials, covering the classification and characterization of various defect types, as well as the effects of defect engineering on the properties of thermoelectric materials.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
David Sinton, Shana O. Kelley
Summary: The success of AbCellera Biologics Inc. can be attributed to their microfluidic antibody screening platform and service-based drug discovery business model. Their success motivations included common lab on a chip advantages, although there were also some non-critical factors.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
F. Liu, W. Zhao, H. H. Le, J. J. Cottrell, M. P. Green, B. J. Leury, F. R. Dunshea, A. W. Bell
Summary: Summer conditions, particularly heat stress, have economically important impacts on pig production, including low farrowing rates, decreased foetal muscle fibre number, and increased carcass fatness. Currently, there is a lack of commercially viable solutions to mitigate these impacts.
Review
Immunology
Hidetaka Hara, Takayuki Yamamoto, Hong-Jiang Wei, David K. C. Cooper
Summary: Natural and de novo antibodies against pig antigens are the main reason for pig xenograft rejection in nonhuman primates. In vitro assays, such as antibody binding to pig cells and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays, provide valuable information quickly and inexpensively. These assays have shown that humans and NHPs develop antibodies to wild-type pig cells, but minimal or no antibodies to triple-knockout pig cells, indicating the potential of TKO organ transplantation. There is a correlation between IgM binding and complement injury, and Old World NHPs are not optimal recipients of TKO organs.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Francisco Benita, Leonardo Rebollar-Ruelas, Edgar David Gaytan-Alfaro
Summary: This study provides a systematic review of the associations between socioeconomic variables and confirmed cases of COVID-19 across continents. The findings demonstrate a general positive impact of population density, per capita GDP, and urban areas on the transmission of infections, while results regarding educational level and income are contradictory.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Patricia Bachiller, Sabri Boubaker, Salma Mefteh-Wali
Summary: The research findings indicate that the use of foreign currency derivatives can positively impact firm value, and hedging presents an economic advantage for all firms, especially those from common law and developed countries.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Area Studies
Volodymyr Kulyk
Summary: Since the full-blown invasion by Russia in February 2022, the world has begun to pay more attention to various features of Ukrainian society, with commentators highlighting a surprisingly strong and all-encompassing national identity. However, scholars in the field of Ukrainian language and identity have long demonstrated an increased civic attachment among Ukrainian citizens, including Russian speakers, emphasizing its greater significance compared to ethnic, linguistic, and regional identities. This article aims to discuss the key achievements and challenges in researching Ukrainian ethnic and national identity, focusing on the transition from an essentialist understanding of ethnicity to a contextual understanding of identity categories. It also explores the relationship between Ukrainian ethnic and national identity and the concept of ethnonational identity.
NATIONALITIES PAPERS-THE JOURNAL OF NATIONALISM AND ETHNICITY
(2023)
