Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ian H. Guldner, Tony Wyss-Coray
Summary: An analysis of mice with tau protein, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, demonstrates that immune cells work together to cause tau-mediated neurodegeneration, and that existing clinic drugs can combat this decline.
Review
Physiology
Anqun Chen, Yu Liu, Yu Lu, Kyung Lee, John Cijiang He
Summary: Retinoic acid (RA) has dual effects in kidney disease, providing renal protection while also potentially inducing podocyte injury and apoptosis, highlighting the need to target specific RA-mediated pathways for effective therapeutic treatments.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Robert J. Pignolo, Maurizio Pacifici
Summary: Metabolic derivatives of vitamin A, known as retinoids, regulate tissue and organ functions prenatally and postnatally. Studies showed that chondrogenic cell differentiation and cartilage maturation require the absence of retinoid signaling and repression function by unliganded RARs. Synthetic retinoid agonists could be potential pharmacological agents to inhibit heterotopic ossification.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baixue Li, Shi-Ying Cai, James L. Boyer
Summary: Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), activated by retinoids, play crucial roles in various biological processes such as embryo development, homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In liver physiology, RAR/RXR heterodimers regulate lipid and bile acid synthesis and metabolism, cholesterol transport in macrophages, and fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Specific genes carrying out these functions are regulated by RAR/RXR in liver cells, providing a mechanistic understanding of their roles in liver physiology. Still, detailed signaling mechanisms of RAR/RXR in regulating liver gene expression remain to be fully elucidated in future studies.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed R. Abdelaal, Sameh H. Soror, Mohamed R. Elnagar, Hesham Haffez
Summary: The study found that synthetic retinoids, particularly EC19, exhibited potent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines such as HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7. These compounds significantly affected cell cycle progression and gene expression, with a notable impact on inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of metastasis.
Article
Neurosciences
Raul Loera-Valencia, Muhammad-Al-Mustafa Ismail, Julen Goikolea, Maria Lodeiro, Laura Mateos, Ingemar Bjorkhem, Elena Puerta, Mariana A. Romao, Claudio M. Gomes, Paula Merino-Serrais, Silvia Maioli, Angel Cedazo-Minguez
Summary: This study demonstrates that hypercholesterolemia leads to S100A8 alarmin signaling in the brain through the cholesterol metabolite 27-OH, mediated by the nuclear receptor RXR gamma in both neurons and astrocytes. This suggests that 27-OH may play a detrimental role in the brain under conditions of high cholesterol levels.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Toru Tanaka, Naoto Sasaki, Yoshiyuki Rikitake
Summary: Tregs play a protective role in atherosclerosis by regulating immune responses to prevent and treat the development of the disease. Enhancing regulatory immune responses may be an attractive approach to treating atherosclerotic diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah M. Glass, Yasuhiro Tateishi, F. Peter Guengerich, Hong-Jaan Wang
Summary: Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) 27C1 is expressed in human skin and catalyzes the 3,4-desaturation of retinoids. The function of the desaturated retinoids in human skin is currently unknown. The study suggests that the desaturation process may serve as a protective mechanism to maintain active retinoid levels in the body.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Allison E. Norlander, R. Stokes Peebles
Summary: T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in reducing and resolving inflammation as part of the adaptive immune system. Prostaglandin I-2 (PGI(2)) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells and promotes the formation and function of Tregs. Therefore, therapeutic supplementation of PGI(2) may be a promising treatment for various autoimmune or inflammatory diseases by enhancing Treg function.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Seongsu Kang, Hyejin Lee, Seung-Hyun Jun, Sun-Gyoo Park, Nae-Gyu Kang
Summary: Retinoids, a type of bioactive material, are widely used for dermatological and pathological conditions. However, their effectiveness is limited due to the body's natural regulation and irritation. This study presents methods to enhance the efficacy of retinoids and demonstrates their effectiveness in improving facial wrinkles. These findings not only improve compliance among users but also provide insights into the mechanisms of retinoids.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuyuki Kasahara, Naoto Sasaki, Hilman Zulkifli Amin, Toru Tanaka, Sayo Horibe, Tomoya Yamashita, Ken-Ichi Hirata, Yoshiyuki Rikitake
Summary: This study demonstrates that Foxp3(+) Tregs can suppress pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cell immune responses to control the development of atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuyuki Kasahara, Naoto Sasaki, Hilman Zulkifli Amin, Toru Tanaka, Sayo Horibe, Tomoya Yamashita, Ken-ichi Hirata, Yoshiyuki Rikitake
Summary: Foxp3+ Tregs play a crucial role in the control of atherosclerosis by suppressing pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell immune responses. Depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs aggravates inflammation and worsens atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vojtech Pavlik, Veronika Machalova, Martin Cepa, Romana Sinova, Barbora Safrankova, Jaromir Kulhanek, Tomas Drmota, Lukas Kubala, Gloria Huerta-Angeles, Vladimir Velebny, Kristina Nesporova
Summary: The study found that HA-atRA upregulated gene expression similarly to atRA, but HA-atRA activated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes. The results showed that HA-atRA removed cholesterol from the cells and induced cholesterol synthesis to replenish it. Additionally, HA-C18:1 also removed cholesterol from the cells, indicating that the cholesterol removal stemmed from the amphiphilic nature of these derivatives.
Article
Immunology
John E. E. Dobbs, Sarah R. R. Tritsch, Liliana Encinales, Andres Cadena, Karol Suchowiecki, Gary Simon, Christopher Mores, Silvana Insignares, Vierys Patricia Villamil Orozco, Mirna Ospino, Lil Avendano Echavez, Carlos Andres Herrera Gomez, Yerlenis Galvis Crespo, Richard Amdur, Alberto David Cabana Jimenez, Carlos Alberto Perez Hernandez, Jennifer Carolina Martinez Zapata, Alfonso Sucerquia Hernandez, Paula Bruges Silvera, Wendy Rosales, Evelyn Mendoza, Estefanie Osorio-Llanes, Jairo Castellar, Dennys Jimenez, Dan M. M. Cooper, Gary S. S. Firestein, Karen Martins, Aileen Y. Y. Chang
Summary: This study examined the regulatory T-cell immune response related to exercise-associated chikungunya arthritis flare (EACAF). The findings suggest that relative decreases in GARP expression may indicate a decreased level of immune suppression. Treg populations in patients with CHIKV arthritis may contribute to arthritis flares during exercise, though current research is conflicting.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bo-Jin Chen, Jing-Wen Zhao, Da-Hong Zhang, Ai-Hong Zheng, Guo-Qing Wu
Summary: Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis and play an important role in immune tolerance, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor diseases. Targeted elimination of Treg cells can activate tumor-specific effector T cells and improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
