Review
Oncology
Georgia Gomatou, Nikolaos Syrigos, Elias Kotteas
Summary: Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-TKI used as first-line therapy in NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations, second-line therapy in patients with T790M mutation after previous EGFR-TKI treatment, and adjuvant therapy for early stage NSCLC patients with resected tumors and EGFR mutations. Further research is needed to understand the different patterns of resistance in first-line and second-line settings and to standardize liquid biopsies for monitoring molecular alterations after osimertinib progression.
Review
Oncology
Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty, Nina Filipczak, Xiang Li, Md Abdus Subhan, Farzana Parveen, Janaina Artem Ataide, Bharat Ashok Rajmalani, Vladimir P. Torchilin
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its resistance to traditional cancer treatments. The unique biology of GBM cells and the blood-brain barrier contribute to this resistance. However, there are several treatment options available, including surgery, chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and tumor-treating fields. Ongoing clinical trials aim to improve outcomes for GBM patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaetano Caramori, Francesco Nucera, Sharon Mumby, Federica Lo Bello, Ian M. Adcock
Summary: Inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat asthma patients. They prevent the activation of immune and inflammatory cells in the lungs and have significant effects on airway structure. However, some patients show poor asthma control even with high doses of GCs, which may be due to GC resistance.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosalba Siracusa, Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Daniela Impellizzeri
Summary: Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, along with other symptoms such as fatigue and intestinal disorders. The exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown, but it is believed to be associated with various factors including neurology, inflammation, and immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Larissa E. van Eijk, Mathijs Binkhorst, Arno R. Bourgonje, Annette K. Offringa, Douwe J. Mulder, Eelke M. Bos, Nikola Kolundzic, Amaal E. Abdulle, Peter H. J. van der Voort, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Johannes G. van der Hoeven, Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen, Jan-Luuk Hillebrands, Harry van Goor
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a complex viral disease with varying symptoms, understanding its immunopathology and developing effective treatment strategies are crucial. Pathological observations provide valuable insights, current management strategies include supportive care and drug therapy.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca Mainieri, Veronica Maria Tagi, Francesco Chiarelli
Summary: Lipodystrophy is a rare disease characterized by adipose tissue loss and metabolic complications. Therapy primarily consists of conventional treatments and leptin replacement therapy has shown promising results. Metreleptin has been approved for treatment, but further research is needed for new therapeutic options.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Syed Sayeed Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Sibhghatulla Shaikh, Hye Jin You, Eun-Young Lee, Shahid Ali, Eun Ju Lee, Inho Choi
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a condition characterized by muscle atrophy, adipose tissue loss, systemic inflammation, and loss of appetite. Various mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments play a role in the development of cachexia. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are considered potential therapeutic targets for cachexia.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Di Liu, Si-Yuan Huang, Jian-Hui Sun, Hua-Cai Zhang, Qing-Li Cai, Chu Gao, Li Li, Ju Cao, Fang Xu, Yong Zhou, Cha-Xiang Guan, Sheng-Wei Jin, Jin Deng, Xiang-Ming Fang, Jian-Xin Jiang, Ling Zeng
Summary: Sepsis is a common complication of combat injuries and trauma, characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Immunosuppression, one of the major causes of septic death, can be reversed and host resistance can be established by targeting it.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amer Jamalpoor, Amr Othman, Elena N. Levtchenko, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Manoe J. Janssen
Summary: Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe systemic disorder caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, primarily affecting the kidneys. Recent studies have shown that the loss of cystinosin leads to disrupted autophagy dynamics, accumulation of distorted mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, resulting in abnormal proliferation and dysfunction of kidney cells.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xianru Peng, Yuemao Li, Wenqu Zhao, Shuluan Yang, Junwen Huang, Ying Chen, Yanhong Wang, Zhaoqian Gong, Xin Chen, Changhui Yu, Shaoxi Cai, Haijin Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction, providing a new perspective for the treatment of steroid-resistant asthma. The results showed that NETs play an important role in TDI-induced asthma models, and inhibition of NETs can improve airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Srijit Das, Norsham Juliana, Noor Anisah Abu Yazit, Sahar Azmani, Izuddin Fahmy Abu
Summary: Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological disease characterized by the abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation play a role in its pathophysiology. Early detection leads to a good prognosis, while distant metastasis indicates a poor outcome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia M. Smyk, Natalia Szydlowska, Weronika Szulc, Anna Majewska
Summary: Viral evolution refers to the genetic changes that a virus accumulates during its lifetime, and influenza A virus is known for its rapid evolution. This evolution can lead to significant changes in the virus's biological properties, such as virulence and adaptation to new hosts, and even the emergence of previously unknown infectious diseases. Genetic variability makes it challenging to implement effective prophylactic programs and may result in antiviral drug resistance. Continuous monitoring of viral evolution and drug effectiveness is crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ofir Koren, Vivek Patel, Tarun Chakravarty, Hasan Jilaihawi, Aakriti Gupta, Shirin Sadri, Raj R. Makkar
Summary: Transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVR) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. Leaflet thrombosis, which refers to blood clot formation on bioprosthetic valve leaflets, can affect valve function and patient outcomes. This study provides an overview of the mechanisms, prevention strategies, and treatment options for leaflet thrombosis in TAVR.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jose J. G. Marin, Paula Sanchon-Sanchez, Candela Cives-Losada, Sofia del Carmen, Jesus M. Gonzalez-Santiago, Maria J. Monte, Rocio I. R. Macias
Summary: Cholangiocarcinoma, derived from biliary epithelial cells, has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, resistance to standard chemotherapy, and limited response to targeted therapy. New approaches such as personalized targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer hope for improved outcomes, but resistance mechanisms remain a challenge.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Narasimha M. Beeraka, Runze Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, P. R. Hemanth Vikram, Tegginamath Pramod Kumar, Junqi Liu, M. Greeshma, Subhankar P. Mandal, B. M. Gurupadayya, Ruitai Fan
Summary: Severe steroid-resistant asthma patients do not respond to corticosteroid therapies due to genome-wide variations, molecular signaling underlying SSR is crucial for identifying effective therapeutic targets and developing novel therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Yusef Eamon Badi, Barbora Salcman, Adam Taylor, Batika Rana, Nazanin Zounemat Kermani, John H. Riley, Sally Worsley, Sharon Mumby, Sven-Eric Dahlen, David Cousins, Bulfone-Paus Silvia, Karen Affleck, Kian Fan Chung, Stewart Bates, Ian M. Adcock
Summary: IL-33-activated gene signatures are elevated in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic asthma corresponding with IL1RAP co-receptor expression. This suggests incorporating T2-low asthma in anti-IL-33 trials.
Review
Respiratory System
Ekaterina Khaleva, Anna Rattu, Chris Brightling, Andrew Bush, Apostolos Bossios, Arnaud Bourdin, Kian Fan Chung, Rekha Chaudhuri, Courtney Coleman, Sven-Erik Dahlen, Ratko Djukanovic, Antoine Deschildre, Louise Fleming, Stephen J. Fowler, Atul Gupta, Eckard Hamelmann, Simone Hashimoto, Gunilla Hedlin, Gerard H. Koppelman, Erik Melen, Clare S. Murray, Charles Pilette, Celeste Porsbjerg, Katharine C. Pike, Franca Rusconi, Clare Williams, Birgit Ahrens, Peter Alter, Freja Anckers, Maarten van den Berge, Katharina Blumchen, Guy Brusselle, Graham W. Clarke, Danen Cunoosamy, Barbro Dahlen, Piers Dixey, Andrew Exley, Urs Frey, Erol A. Gaillard, Lisa Giovannini-Chami, Jonathan Grigg, Diana Hartenstein, Liam G. Heaney, Bulent Karadag, Susanne Kaul, Inger Kull, Amelia Licari, Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee, Vera Mahler, Ann-Marie M. Schoos, Prasad Nagakumar, Jenny Negus, Hanna Nielsen, James Paton, Marielle Pijnenburg, Valeria Ramiconi, Sofia Romagosa Vilarnau, Stefania Principe, Niels Rutjes, Sejal Saglani, Paul Seddon, Florian Singer, Heribert Staudinger, Steve Turner, Susanne Vijverberg, Tonya Winders, Valentyna Yasinska, Graham Roberts
Summary: The COMSA Working Group developed two Core Outcome Measures (COM) sets for paediatric and adult severe asthma, including FEV1 as z-scores, frequency of severe exacerbations and oral corticosteroid use. These COM sets will inform future clinical trials, enhance comparability of biological therapies' efficacy and effectiveness, and assess their socioeconomic value.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Prashant Kumar, Juan C. Zavala-Reyes, Gopinath Kalaiarasan, Hisham Abubakar-Waziri, Gloria Young, Ian Mudway, Claire Dilliway, Ramzi Lakhdar, Sharon Mumby, Michal M. Klosowski, Christopher C. Pain, Ian M. Adcock, Jonathan S. Watson, Mark A. Sephton, Kian Fan Chung, Alexandra E. Porter
Summary: The study examined the distribution characteristics of ultrafine particles in a London underground platform, finding that particle number concentrations gradually increased and reached a peak between 18:00 and 21:00. Harmful organic compounds and metal mixtures were also identified, highlighting the need for improved ventilation conditions in underground railway systems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Alen Faiz, Stelios Pavlidis, Chih-Hsi Kuo, Anthony Rowe, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Wim Timens, Marijn Berg, Marissa Wisman, Yi-Ke Guo, Ratko Djukanovi, Peter Sterk, Kerstin B. Meyer, Martijn C. Nawijn, Ian Adcock, Kian Fan Chung, Maarten van den Berge
Summary: By analyzing the gene expression signatures in bronchial biopsies, we found that severe asthma and COPD share common characteristics such as relative corticosteroid insensitivity. Among COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids, we identified a subgroup of patients with a TAC1 signature that was responsive to treatment, while the other two signatures (TAC2 and TAC3) were not affected. The presence of the TAC1 signature in bronchial biopsies was associated with corticosteroid responsiveness. This study has significant implications for personalized treatment decisions and outcome prediction in airway diseases.
Article
Respiratory System
Venkata Sita Rama Raju Allam, Stelios Pavlidis, Gang Liu, Nazanin Zounemat Kermani, Jennifer Simpson, Joyce To, Sheila Donnelly, Yi-Ke Guo, Philip M. Hansbro, Simon Phipps, Eric F. Morand, Ratko Djukanovic, Peter Sterk, Kian Fan Chung, Ian Adcock, James Harris, Maria B. Sukkar
Summary: The study showed that MIF protein correlates with clinical and molecular features of severe neutrophilic asthma and reduces the biological activity of annexin-A1 through interaction, promoting glucocorticoid resistance of neutrophilic inflammation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Umberto Basile, Giuseppe Santini, Cecilia Napodano, Giuseppe Macis, Krizia Pocino, Francesca Gulli, Mario Malerba, Andrew Bush, Ian M. Adcock, Paolo Montuschi
Summary: This study found that serum Ig FLC concentrations were elevated in adult males with severe asthma, and these concentrations were correlated with inflammatory outcomes. These findings suggest that serum Ig FLCs could serve as potential surrogate markers of inflammation in asthma.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Yi Feng, Meiqin Xie, Qi Liu, Jiali Weng, Liangyu Wei, Kian Fan Chung, Ian M. Adcock, Qing Chang, Mengnan Li, Yan Huang, Hai Zhang, Feng Li
Summary: In this study, targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on lung tissue samples from COPD patients and mouse models. The expression of many metabolites was found to be altered in both COPD patients and mice, indicating the potential involvement of amino acid metabolism, energy production pathway, and lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of COPD.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Ji-Hyang Lee, Piers Dixey, Pank Bhavsar, Katie Raby, Nazanin Kermani, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Ian M. Adcock, Woo-Jung Song, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, Sei-Won Lee, You Sook Cho, Kian Fan Chung, Tae-Bum Kim
Summary: The Precision Medicine Intervention in Severe Asthma (PRISM) project aims to identify molecular phenotypes of severe asthma by analyzing multi-omics data. Clinical information and biological samples will be collected, and follow-up evaluations will be conducted to assess phenotype stability and treatment responses. Through data analysis, molecular pathways driving lung function, asthma control, exacerbations, and therapeutic response to biologics will be identified.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Chloe I. Bloom, Ian M. Adcock
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Alen Faiz, Rashad M. Mahbub, Fia Sabrina Boedijono, Milan I. Tomassen, Wierd Kooistra, Wim Timens, Martijn Nawijn, Philip M. Hansbro, Matt D. Johansen, Simon D. Pouwels, Irene H. Heijink, Florian Massip, Maria Stella de Biase, Roland F. Schwarz, Ian M. Adcock, Kian F. Chung, Anne van der Does, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Helene Goulaouic, Heming Xing, Raolat Abdulai, Emanuele de Rinaldis, Danen Cunoosamy, Sivan Harel, David Lederer, Michael C. Nivens, Peter A. Wark, Huib A. M. Kerstjens, Machteld N. Hylkema, Corry-Anke Brandsma, Maarten van den Berge
Summary: Smoking leads to a decrease in IL-33 expression at the gene and protein level, possibly due to a reduction in resting basal cells. These findings may explain why anti-IL-33 treatment is more effective in former smokers with COPD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Irina Petrache, Francesca Polverino, Farrah Kheradmand, Ian M. Adcock, Stephen I. Rennard
Summary: The onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogeneous, and current approaches to define distinct disease phenotypes are lacking. This perspective discusses the role of different cell types in COPD pathogenesis and the application of new technologies in understanding the pathophysiology and clinical heterogeneity of COPD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kasra Jahankhani, Fatemeh Ahangari, Ian M. Adcock, Esmaeil Mortaz
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has short-term and long-term effects, with potential to cause cancer in different organs through various strategies. These strategies include manipulation of the renin angiotensin system, alteration of tumor suppressing pathways, and triggering of inflammatory cascades. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to the development of cancer stem cells in multiple organs. However, long-term consequences of this virus and its proteins in cancer development will only be revealed over time.
Article
Immunology
Ruihua Hou, Gang Ye, Xiaojing Cheng, Dominick E. Shaw, Per S. Bakke, Massimo Caruso, Barbro Dahlen, Sven-Erik Dahlen, Stephen J. Fowler, Ildiko Horvath, Peter Howarth, Norbert Krug, Paolo Montuschi, Marek Sanak, Thomas Sandstrom, Charles Auffray, Bertrand De Meulder, Ana R. Sousa, Ian M. Adcock, Kian Fan Chung, Peter J. Sterk, Paul J. Skipp, James Schofield, Ratko Djukanovic
Summary: This study investigated the role of inflammation in comorbid anxiety and depression in asthma patients and found that severe asthma patients have higher levels of anxiety and depression, which may be associated with inflammatory responses.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ilaria Salvato, Luca Ricciardi, Jessica Dal Col, Annunziata Nigro, Giorgio Giurato, Domenico Memoli, Assunta Sellitto, Erwin Pavel Lamparelli, Maria Assunta Crescenzi, Monica Vitale, Alessandro Vatrella, Francesco Nucera, Paola Brun, Federico Caicci, Paola Dama, Thomas Stiff, Leandro Castellano, Sobia Idrees, Matt D. Johansen, Alen Faiz, Peter A. Wark, Philip M. Hansbro, Ian M. Adcock, Gaetano Caramori, Cristiana Stellato
Summary: AU-rich-element factor-1 (AUF-1), an RNA-binding protein, is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of genes related to inflammation and cellular senescence, both of which are pathogenic mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Decreased expression of AUF-1 is observed in bronchiolar epithelium of COPD patients and in human airway epithelial cells exposed to cytokines and cigarette smoke. This study identifies AUF-1-targeted transcripts and demonstrates its association with inflammation and senescence-related pathways in COPD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Han-Kyul Kim, Ji-One Kang, Ji Eun Lim, Tae-Woong Ha, Hae Un Jung, Won Jun Lee, Dong Jun Kim, Eun Ju Baek, Ian M. M. Adcock, Kian Fan Chung, Tae-Bum Kim, Bermseok Oh
Summary: Using the UK Biobank dataset, we identified four distinct asthma subtypes based on onset age and lung function. Our study revealed that early onset asthma with reduced lung function had the highest genetic predisposition. Furthermore, clusters with reduced lung function were genetically distinct from clusters with normal lung function.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ALLERGY
(2023)
