Article
Cell Biology
Cyntanna C. Hawkins, Amber B. Jones, Emily R. Gordon, Yuvika Harsh, Julia K. Ziebro, Christopher D. Willey, Corinne Griguer, David K. Crossman, Sara J. Cooper, Sasanka Ramanadham, Ninh Doan, Anita B. Hjelmeland
Summary: Sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in GBM, leading to cell evasion of apoptosis. This study found that the mRNA levels of acid ceramidase, a key enzyme in S1P production, were elevated in recurrent GBM. Inhibiting acid ceramidase decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis in TMZ-resistant GBM cells, suggesting the potential utility of targeting sphingolipid metabolism in recurrent GBM.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Xiuning Le, Monique B. Nilsson, Jacqulyne P. Robichaux, John V. Heymach
Summary: The ARTEMIS study showed that combining the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib can significantly improve progression-free survival in patients with EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer, especially in those with brain metastases and the EGFR L858R mutation. This suggests the potential benefits of tailored use of VEGF/EGFR combinations in this patient population.
Article
Cell Biology
Katja Zappe, Katharina Puehringer, Simon Pflug, Daniel Berger, Andreas Boehm, Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker, Margit Cichna-Markl
Summary: The methylation status of MGMT enhancers is associated with MGMT promoter methylation, MGMT protein expression, and the overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. CpGs in the enhancer located upstream of the MGMT promoter show a negative correlation with MGMT protein levels. The intragenic enhancer methylation status is strongly correlated with MGMT promoter methylation and differs between MGMT-expressing and non-expressing GBM samples. Low methylation of specific CpGs is associated with longer OS in GBM patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sotirios Katsigiannis, Stefan Grau, Boris Krischek, Kadir Er, Bogdan Pintea, Roland Goldbrunner, Pantelis Stavrinou
Summary: Stratifying GBM patients according to their MGMT promoter methylation status revealed different prognostic factors and resection thresholds. Extent of resection was an independent predictor of survival for unmethylated MGMT patients, while residual tumor volume, Karnofsky Performance Score, and age were independent prognostic factors for methylated MGMT patients.
Article
Oncology
Martin Glas, Matthew T. Ballo, Ze'ev Bomzon, Noa Urman, Shay Levi, Gitit Lavy-Shahaf, Suriya Jeyapalan, Terence T. Sio, Paul M. DeRose, Martin Misch, Sophie Taillibert, Zvi Ram, Andreas F. Hottinger, Jacob Easaw, Chae-Yong Kim, Suyash Mohan, Roger Stupp
Summary: TTFields treatment affects the rate of distant progression in newly diagnosed GBM patients, with distant lesions appearing further from the primary lesion in the TTFields treatment arm. Distant progression correlates with improved clinical outcomes in TTFields patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Kirstein, Daniela Schilling, Stephanie E. Combs, Thomas E. Schmid
Summary: The study shows that Lomeguatrib can inhibit MGMT protein and sensitize cells to radiation therapy. Low concentrations of Lomeguatrib have a radiosensitizing effect, while high concentrations have a radioprotective effect.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Carvalho, Jose Manuel Lopes, Roberto Silva, Joana Peixoto, Dina Leitao, Paula Soares, Ana Catarina Fernandes, Paulo Linhares, Rui Vaz, Jorge Lima
Summary: The study found that overexpression of c-Met and VEGFR2 in GBM patients is associated with poor prognosis following treatment with bevacizumab. Co-overexpression of c-Met and VEGFR2 is correlated with worse overall survival.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Delin Liu, Tianrui Yang, Wenbin Ma, Yu Wang
Summary: This article reviews new strategies and attempts to treat patients with unMGMT GBM, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The results of the studies show that individualized treatment for different patient subgroups can achieve better therapeutic outcomes and prolong survival.
Article
Cell Biology
Alessandro Tancredi, Olga Gusyatiner, Pierre Bady, Michelle C. Buri, Remy Lomazzi, Davide Chiesi, Mahmoud Messerer, Monika E. Hegi
Summary: Bromodomain and extra-terminal tail (BET) proteins are potential epigenetic targets in cancer, including glioblastoma. BET inhibitors disrupt the histone code-gene transcription link. BET-induced differential gene expression in glioblastoma derived-spheres revealed 6 distinct response patterns. The O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, a known resistance factor for glioblastoma treatment, showed consistent downregulation in response to BET inhibitors.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lei She, Lin Su, Chao Liu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a combination of BEV and re-RT for the treatment of rGBM. The results showed that this combination therapy was safe, tolerable, and effective in rGBM patients. Additionally, gross total resection prior to re-RT and selective concurrent temozolomide further improved patient PFS and OS.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Ya Jiang, Guan-Hao Wang, Jing-Jiao Xu, Xiao-Li Li, Xiao-Yan Lin, Xiang Fang, Hong-Xu Zhang, Mei Feng, Chun-Ming Jiang
Summary: This study reveals the importance of LINC00473 in regulating temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GB) and its potential mechanism. By regulating the expression of CEBP alpha and MGMT, LINC00473 promotes the formation of chemoresistance. Furthermore, LINC00473 can transfer chemoresistance to adjacent sensitive cells through exosomes.
Article
Oncology
Yusuke Funakoshi, Nobuhiro Hata, Kosuke Takigawa, Hideyuki Arita, Daisuke Kuga, Ryusuke Hatae, Yuhei Sangatsuda, Yutaka Fujioka, Aki Sako, Toru Umehara, Tadamasa Yoshitake, Osamu Togao, Akio Hiwatashi, Koji Yoshimoto, Toru Iwaki, Masahiro Mizoguchi
Summary: The study revealed that CDKN2A homozygous deletion had no significant impact on OS for patients with methylated MGMT status, but significantly affected OS for patients with unmethylated MGMT status. The impact of CDKN2A homozygous deletion on OS was more pronounced in the pre-BEV era, but became nonsignificant in the post-BEV era due to OS improvement in patients with this genetic marker.
Article
Oncology
Henry S. Friedman, Michael D. Prados, Patrick Y. Wen, Tom Mikkelsen, David Schiff, Lauren E. Abrey, W. K. Alfred Yung, Nina Paleologos, Martin K. Nicholas, Randy Jensen, James Vredenburgh, Jane Huang, Maoxia Zheng, Timothy Cloughesy
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of bevacizumab, alone or in combination with irinotecan, in recurrent glioblastoma patients. The results showed that bevacizumab, either alone or in combination, was well tolerated and active in treating recurrent glioblastoma.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Johannes Weller, Niklas Schaefer, Christina Schaub, Anna-Laura Potthoff, Joachim P. Steinbach, Uwe Schlegel, Michael Sabel, Peter Hau, Clemens Seidel, Dietmar Krex, Roland Goldbrunner, Torsten Pietsch, Theophilos Tzaridis, Thomas Zeyen, Valeri Borger, Erdem Guresir, Hartmut Vatter, Ulrich Herrlinger, Matthias Schneider
Summary: Obesity is associated with shorter survival in patients with MGMT methylated glioblastoma, but not in patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Liang Zhao, Jiayue Zhang, Shurui Xuan, Zhiyuan Liu, Yu Wang, Peng Zhao
Summary: The study found a close association between MGMT unmethylation and immune-related biological processes in GBM. An immune gene-based risk model was established to predict the prognosis of GBM patients, with functional analysis confirming the prognostic value of this signature and its role in immunosuppression and tumor microenvironment remodeling.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Robert A. Scranton, Saeed Sadrameli, Edward Brian Butler, Andrew Farach, Hui-Chuan Wang, Bin S. Teh, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats, Steve H. Fung, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Robert C. Rostomily
PRACTICAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2020)
Letter
Oncology
Akhil Shivaprasad, Prashant Rai, Bhanu Gogia, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. W. Bailey, O. V. Vilkhivskaya, M. R. Gilbert
Summary: Studies have shown that during operation of fusion reactors, steels will become activated and need to be disposed of as radioactive waste. The waste expectations of steels from European DEMO-like fusion reactors were investigated, revealing that some steels may struggle to meet low level waste requirements. It is recommended that waste disposal strategies are included in fusion reactor proposals before construction begins to align with radioactive waste regulations.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Esther Arbona-Haddad, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats, Bhanu Gogia, Prashant K. Rai
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Damian Sobieraj, Jan S. Wrobel, Mark R. Gilbert, Andrey Litnovsky, Felix Klein, Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski, Duc Nguyen-Manh
Summary: W-Cr-Y smart alloys show protective behavior for plasma facing components and Y and Ti additions affect phase stability and short-range ordering of the alloy.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Yichen Qian, Mark R. Gilbert, Lucile Dezerald, David Cereceda
Summary: Tungsten and tungsten alloys are considered as leading materials for future fusion energy devices due to their high melting point, thermal conductivity, and low radioactive footprint. However, the low fracture toughness of tungsten limits its applications. Significant neutron-induced transmutation occurs in tungsten components during nuclear fusion reactions, necessitating the use of density functional theory calculations to better understand their behavior.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. R. Gilbert, K. Arakawa, Z. Bergstrom, M. J. Caturla, S. L. Dudarev, F. Gao, A. M. Goryaeva, S. Y. Hu, X. Hu, R. J. Kurtz, A. Litnovsky, J. Marian, M-C Marinica, E. Martinez, E. A. Marquis, D. R. Mason, B. N. Nguyen, P. Olsson, Y. Osetskiy, D. Senor, W. Setyawan, M. P. Short, T. Suzudo, J. R. Trelewicz, T. Tsuru, G. S. Was, B. D. Wirth, L. Yang, Y. Zhang, S. J. Zinkle
Summary: Predicting material performance in fusion reactor environments relies on computational modeling supported by experiments. Leading experts discussed current positions and ongoing challenges in modeling fusion materials, highlighting topics such as irradiation-induced defect production, gas behavior, clustering, and defect evolution.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
L. W. Packer, P. Batistoni, N. Bekris, S. C. Bradnam, M. Fabbri, Z. Ghani, M. R. Gilbert, R. Kierepko, E. Laszynska, D. Leichtle, I. Lengar, S. Loreti, J. W. Mietelski, C. R. Nobs, M. Pillon, M. I. Savva, I. E. Stamatelatos, T. Vasilopoulou, A. Wojcik-Gargula, A. Zohar
Summary: The latest results from experimental activities conducted within the 'ACT' sub-project under the EUROfusion WPJET3 programme on irradiating ITER materials are presented, including analyses of various material samples and characterization of irradiation locations. These results also include comparisons with neutron transport and activation calculation predictions for the ITER samples.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Luca Reali, Max Boleininger, Mark R. Gilbert, Sergei L. Dudarev
Summary: In this study, we propose a method for computing macroscopic elastic stress and strain in components of a fusion power plant using the eigenstrain produced by defects in a material exposed to high energy neutron irradiation. Analytical and numerical analysis of several case studies related to the design of a fusion power plant show that the spatial distribution of defects leads to significant elastic stresses in ion-irradiated thin films, pressurized cylindrical tubes, and breeding blanket modules.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sehila M. Gonzalez de Vicente, Nicholas A. Smith, Laila El-Guebaly, Sergio Ciattaglia, Luigi Di Pace, Mark Gilbert, Robert Mandoki, Sandrine Rosanvallon, Youji Someya, Kenji Tobita, David Torcy
Summary: In the absence of official standards and guidelines, fusion designers have adopted well-established standards for fission-based nuclear power plants. However, this approach may result in overconservative measures and increased cost and complexity. One important issue in fusion power is the generation of radioactive waste, which is significantly different from fission NPP waste. Fusion waste mainly consists of low-level and intermediate level waste, but without many long-lived isotopes. The use of reduced-activation materials in fusion technology allows for lower decay heat removal and rapid radioactivity decay.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Arunodaya Bhattacharya, Steven J. Zinkle, Jean Henry, Samara M. Levine, Philip D. Edmondson, Mark R. Gilbert, Hiroyasu Tanigawa, Charles E. Kessel
Summary: RAFM and ODS steels are the most promising candidates for fusion first-wall/blanket structures, but their performance will deteriorate due to neutron damage and gas effects during operation. Future development should target materials with lower chromium concentration to minimize irradiation-induced effects.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shu Huang, Ryan Kerr, Samuel Murphy, Mark R. Gilbert, Jaime Marian
Summary: A numerical model is presented to predict oxide scale growth on tungsten surfaces under exposure to oxygen at high temperatures, with simulations showing deviations from classical parabolic growth in certain cases. The model is parameterized using experimental measurements and electronic structure calculations, with a comparison to extensive experimental data showing reasonable agreement at most temperatures. This work attempts to embed the thermodynamic and kinetic complexity of tungsten oxide growth into a comprehensive mesoscale kinetic model to fill existing knowledge gaps and guide future tungsten oxidation models.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Sophia O. von Tiedemann, David M. Collins, Mark R. Gilbert, Ivan A. Kodeli
Summary: Predictions of material activity in commercial fusion conditions mostly rely on computational methods due to lack of data on long-term effects of high-energy neutron irradiation on structural steels. This study focused on modelling neutron activation of four structural steels in a fusion reactor environment after 20 years of operation. Eurofer and F82H steels exhibited higher resistance to neutron activation than G91 and SS316L(N)-IG. The vacuum vessel (SS316L(N)-IG) would not be classified as low-level waste for several centuries.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Prashant Rai, Bhanu Gogia, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brian Stocksdale, Seema Nagpal, John D. Hixson, Derek R. Johnson, Prashant Rai, Akhil Shivaprasad, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats
NEURO-ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2020)