期刊
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY
卷 41, 期 5, 页码 384-403出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.541224
关键词
Chemical weapon; mechanism; molecular; sulfur mustard; toxicity
类别
资金
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Research Center of Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Sulfur mustard (SM) and similar bifunctional agents have been used as chemical weapons for almost 100 years. Victims of high-dose exposure, both combatants and civilians, may die within hours or weeks, but low-dose exposure causes both acute injury to the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and other parts of the body, and chronic sequelae in these organs are often debilitating and have a serious impact on quality of life. Ever since they were first used in warfare in 1917, SM and other mustard agents have been the subjects of intensive research, and their chemistry, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of toxic action are now fairly well understood. In the present article we review this knowledge and relate the molecular-biological basis of SM toxicity, as far as it has been elucidated, to the pathological effects on exposure victims.
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