Review
Immunology
Sang Ho Choi, Antoni Cesar, Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Naveed Saleem, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer
Summary: This study found that the efficacy of doxycycline is comparable to macrolides or fluoroquinolones in adult patients with mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), suggesting that it is a viable treatment option. However, larger trials are needed to confirm these findings due to the lack of recent studies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sang -Ho Choi, Antoni Cesar, Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Naveed Saleem, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer
Summary: For hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), respiratory fluoroquinolone monotherapy or β-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy are suggested as first-line options according to guidelines. However, the efficacy of these regimens has not been adequately evaluated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew F. Shorr, James Simmons, Nicolas Hampton, Scott T. Micek, Marin H. Kollef
Summary: Although macrolide resistance is common in Streptococcus pneumoniae ICU CAP, the addition of azithromycin to the antibiotic regimen is significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality, independent of multiple factors.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Arsheen Zeeshan, Qalab Abbas, Arsalan Siddiqui, Farah Khalid, Fyezah Jehan
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the epidemiology and outcomes of 187 critically ill children with severe CAP admitted to the PICU in recent years. The results showed that severe illness on presentation, presence of systemic illness, and empyema were associated with increased mortality among children admitted to the PICU with severe CAP.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas M. File, Julio A. Ramirez
Summary: A 66-year-old man with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents with fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. Physical examination reveals respiratory distress, confusion, and coarse rhonchi over the right midlung field. Chest radiography shows right upper-lobe consolidation. Laboratory findings include elevated white-cell count and procalcitonin, and a positive viral panel for respiratory syncytial virus.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jason E. Lang, Christoph P. Hornik, Carrie Elliott, Adam Silverstein, Chi Hornik, Amira Al-Uzri, Miroslava Bosheva, John S. Bradley, Charissa Fay Corazon Borja-Tabora, David Di John, Ana Mendez Echevarria, Jessica E. Ericson, David Friedel, Ferenc Gonczi, Marie Grace Dawn Isidro, Laura P. James, Krisztina Kalocsai, Ioannis Koutroulis, Istvan Laki, Anna Lisa T. Ong-Lim, Marta Nad, Gabor Simon, Salma Syed, Eva Szabo, Daniel K. Benjamin, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Solithromycin in pediatric community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The results showed a higher incidence of adverse events in the Solithromycin group, but the drug was generally well-tolerated and associated with clinical improvement.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Neng Wang, Congchen Tang, Lichun Wang
Summary: This study systematically evaluated risk factors for S. maltophilia pneumonia in ICU patients and found that APACHE-II score > 20, COPD, malignant tumor, mechanical ventilation, tracheotomy, endotracheal intubation, beta-Lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and quinolones were risk factors for ICU-acquired S. maltophilia pneumonia.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Jheng-Yan Wu, Ya-Wen Tsai, Wan-Hsuan Hsu, Ting-Hui Liu, Po-Yu Huang, Min-Hsiang Chuang, Mei-Yuan Liu, Chih-Cheng Lai
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). The results showed that adjunctive corticosteroids can provide survival benefits and improve clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events in patients with sCAP. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Zhang, Yun Tang, Huan Liu, Li ping Yuan, Chu chu Wang, Shu fan Chen, Jin Huang, Xin yuan Xiao
Summary: Most ICU-AW risk prediction models show good efficacy for high-risk groups, but there is bias in their development and verification processes. Large-sample, multi-center studies are needed in the future to provide a reliable basis for ICU-AW risk prediction models.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ines Lakbar, Sophie Medam, Romain Ronfle, Nadim Cassir, Louis Delamarre, Emmanuelle Hammad, Alexandre Lopez, Alain Lepape, Anais Machut, Mohamed Boucekine, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Karine Baumstarck, Anne Savey, Marc Leone
Summary: This study found that ICU-acquired pneumonia caused by highly antimicrobial-resistant (HAMR) bacteria is associated with a significantly increased ICU mortality rate. The research also showed that patients with pneumonia caused by HAMR bacteria had longer ICU length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yiming Zhang, Yan Li, Na Sun, Hanqi Tang, Jun Ye, Yang Liu, Quan He, Yangyang Fu, Huadong Zhu, Chengyu Jiang, Jun Xu
Summary: The NETosis pathway is top-ranked in patients with SCAP caused by different pathogens, providing a potential therapeutic strategy. Additionally, a higher occurrence of transcriptional read-through is associated with a worse outcome in patients with SCAP.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Edinson Dante Meregildo-Rodriguez, Martha Genara Asmat-Rubio, Mayra Janett Rojas-Benites, Gustavo Adolfo Vasquez-Tirado
Summary: One-third of adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, or die. The evidence linking CAP to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is contradictory. We aimed to systematically review the role of CAP as a CVD risk factor.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Felix Klawitter, Johannes Ehler, Rika Bajorat, Robert Patejdl
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in providing energy and participating in metabolism and signaling processes. However, mitochondrial dysfunction in critical illness can lead to organ failure and muscle wasting. This review aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in intensive care unit-acquired weakness and critical illness myopathy, and its implications for muscle function and potential therapeutic approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ilari Kuitunen, Johanna Jaaskelainen, Matti Korppi, Marjo Renko
Summary: Based on a meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled studies, it was found that short antibiotic treatment (3-5 days) was as effective and safe as longer treatment (7-10 days) for community-acquired pneumonia in children in high-income countries.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Angela Lau, Christopher Lin, James Barrie, Christopher Winter, Gavin Armstrong, Mary Lou Egedahl, Alexander Doroshenko, Courtney Heffernan, Leyla Asadi, Dina Fisher, Catherine Paulsen, Jalal Moolji, Richard Long
Summary: Very little is known about subclinical pulmonary TB (PTB), a recently described intermediate state, in high-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical PTB in Canada, identify its diagnostic chest radiography features, examine the relationship between these features and time to culture positivity, and explore the association between DNA fingerprint clustering and radiographic or other features in foreign-born individuals with subclinical disease.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philippe Begin, Jeannie Callum, Richard Cook, Erin Jamula, Yang Liu, Andres Finzi, Donald M. Arnold
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philippe Begin, Jeannie Callum, Erin Jamula, Richard Cook, Nancy M. Heddle, Alan Tinmouth, Michelle P. Zeller, Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussieres, Luiz Amorim, Renee Bazin, Kent Cadogan Loftsgard, Richard Carl, Michael Chasse, Melissa M. Cushing, Nick Daneman, Dana V. Devine, Jeannot Dumaresq, Dean A. Fergusson, Caroline Gabe, Marshall J. Glesby, Na Li, Yang Liu, Allison McGeer, Nancy Robitaille, Bruce S. Sachais, Damon C. Scales, Lisa Schwartz, Nadine Shehata, Alexis F. Turgeon, Heidi Wood, Ryan Zarychanski, Andres Finzi, Donald M. Arnold
Review
Respiratory System
Omri A. Arbiv, JeongMin M. Kim, Marie Yan, Kamila Romanowski, Jonathon R. Campbell, Anete Trajman, Leyla Asadi, Federica Fregonese, Nicholas Winters, Dick Menzies, James C. Johnston
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing high-dose rifamycin (HDR) regimens to standard-dose rifamycin (SDR) regimens in the treatment of tuberculosis. The results showed no significant difference in severe adverse events, death rate, 2-month culture conversion, and relapse between the two regimens. Further studies are needed to identify specific groups that may benefit from HDR.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Vincent Lau, Alexandra Binnie, John Basmaji, Nadia Baig, Dawn Opgenorth, Saoirse Cameron, Katie O'Hearn, Ellen McDonald, Janek Senaratne, Wendy Sligl, Danny J. Zuege, Oleksa Rewa, Sean M. Bagshaw, Jennifer Tsang
Summary: The survey of Canadian ICU research personnel found that tasks like screening for eligible patients, inputting data into case report forms, and preparing internal tracking logs were considered time-consuming and tedious. Respondents believed that AI automation could improve efficiency and accuracy in these tasks, while also freeing up research coordinators to focus on tasks that require human interaction. However, challenges such as ensuring information accuracy and proper oversight were also highlighted when considering AI automation in ICU research.
JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dawn Opgenorth, Nadia Baig, Kirsten Fiest, Constantine Karvellas, Jim Kutsogiannis, Vincent Lau, Erika Macintyre, Janek Senaratne, Jocelyn Slemko, Wendy Sligl, Xiaoming Wang, Sean M. Bagshaw, Oleksa G. Rewa
Summary: The LIBERATE study aims to evaluate the effect of oral midodrine on ICU length of stay and duration of IV vasopressor support in critically ill patients, as well as other outcome measures related to IV vasopressor therapy.
Article
Microbiology
Suguru Saito, Shima Shahbaz, Wendy Sligl, Mohammed Osman, D. Lorne Tyrrell, Shokrollah Elahi
Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 variants have differential impacts on erythropoiesis, with CD45(+) erythroid cells exhibiting immunosuppressive properties and potentially contributing to anemia in COVID-19 patients. The findings provide important insights into the understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on erythropoiesis.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Alexis Tabah, Muhammed Elhadi, Emma Ballard, Andrea Cortegiani, Maurizio Cecconi, Takeshi Unoki, Laura Galarza, Regis Goulart Rosa, Francois Barbier, Elie Azoulay, Kevin B. Laupland, Nathalie Ssi Yan Kai, Marlies Ostermann, Guy Francois, Jan J. De Waele, Kirsten Fiest, Peter Spronk, Julie Benbenishty, Mariangela Pellegrini, Louise Rose
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, ICU implemented restrictive visiting policies and relied on telephone and virtual visits for communication. These policies have gradually been liberalized but have not returned to pre-pandemic practices.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Bruno Fernando Buzo, Jutta K. Preiksaitis, Kieran Halloran, Jayan Nagendran, Derek R. Townsend, Nathan Zelyas, Wendy I. Sligl
Summary: This case series and literature review provide insights into hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) after lung transplant, highlighting the association with Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis infections. The findings emphasize the importance of early testing and treatment for these infections.
TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angela Lau, Christopher Lin, James Barrie, Christopher Winter, Gavin Armstrong, Mary Lou Egedahl, Alexander Doroshenko, Courtney Heffernan, Leyla Asadi, Dina Fisher, Catherine Paulsen, Jalal Moolji, Yiming Huang, Richard Long
Summary: This study found that chest radiographs may significantly underestimate key radiologic features of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis. This finding may have important implications for public health and treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Joanna C. Dionne, Jennie Johnstone, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Erick Duan, Francois Lauzier, Yaseen M. Arabi, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Wendy Sligl, Peter Dodek, Bram Rochwerg, John C. Marshall, Daniel J. Niven, David R. Williamson, Steven Reynolds, Nicole Zytaruk, Deborah Cook
Summary: This nested cohort study examined the incidence, prevalence, timing, severity, predictors, and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among critical illness patients. The results showed a low incidence and prevalence of CDI, with mild to moderate severity. CDI was not associated with hospital mortality but was associated with a longer hospital stay.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Federico Angriman, Fiona Muttalib, Francois Lamontagne, Neill K. J. Adhikari, LOVIT Invest
Summary: The Lessening Organ Dysfunction with Vitamin C trial showed that vitamin C has a harmful effect on 28-day death or persistent organ dysfunction. A post hoc Bayesian reanalysis confirmed that there is a high probability of harm in using vitamin C for adult patients with infection and vasopressor support.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Alexis Tabah, Niccolo Buetti, Quentin Staiquly, Stephane Ruckly, Murat Akova, Abdullah Tarik Aslan, Marc Leone, Andrew Conway Morris, Matteo Bassetti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Jeffrey Lipman, Ricard Ferrer, Haibo Qiu, Jose-Artur Paiva, Pedro Povoa, Liesbet De Bus, Jan De Waele, Farid Zand, Mohan Gurjar, Adel Alsisi, Khalid Abidi, Hendrik Bracht, Yoshiro Hayashi, Kyeongman Jeon, Muhammed Elhadi, Francois Barbier, Jean-Francois Timsit
Summary: This study investigated hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) in 2600 adult patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries. HA-BSI were frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant, and difficult-to-treat pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in high mortality rates.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jennie Johnstone, John Muscedere, Joanna Dionne, Erick Duan, Bram Rochwerg, John Centofanti, Simon Oczkowski, Francois Lauzier, John Marshall, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Nick Daneman, Sangeeta Mehta, Yaseen Arabi, Nicole Zytaruk, Peter Dodek, Neill K. Adhikari, Tim Karachi, Emmanuel Charbonney, Henry T. Stelfox, Arnold S. Kristof, Ian Ball, Lori Hand, Rob Fowler, Ryan Zarychanski, Charles St Arnaud, Alyson Takaoka, James Kutsogiannis, Kosar Khwaja, Wendy Sligl, Osama Loubani, Jennifer Tsang, Daphnee Lamarche, Dawn Bowdish, Michael Surette, Deborah Cook
Summary: This study aimed to analyze ICU-acquired pneumonia according to 7 definitions and estimate associated hospital mortality. The results showed that the frequency of ICU-acquired pneumonia varied by definition, and it was associated with differential increased risk of death.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leyla Asadi, Matthew Croxen, Courtney Heffernan, Mannat Dhillon, Catherine Paulsen, Mary Lou Egedahl, Greg Tyrrell, Alexander Doroshenko, Richard Long
Summary: This study used a comprehensive dataset and new high-resolution techniques to accurately estimate the true transmission risk of smear-negative tuberculosis cases, finding that their infectiousness is approximately 50% lower than previously thought.