☆ 4.2 Review

Introduction to shell structure in exotic nuclei

CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS (2011)

期刊

CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS

卷 52, 期 2, 页码 101-120

出版社

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2010.509993

关键词

nuclear shell model; magic numbers; nuclear structure; exotic nuclei; radioactive beam facilities; nuclear spectroscopy; nuclear reactions

类别

Physics, Multidisciplinary

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摘要

The nuclear shell model is a benchmark for the description of the structure of atomic nuclei. The magic numbers associated with closed shells have long been assumed to be valid across the whole nuclear chart. Investigations in recent years of nuclei far away from nuclear stability at facilities for radioactive ion beams have revealed that the magic numbers may change locally in those exotic nuclei leading to the disappearance of classic shell gaps and the appearance of new magic numbers. These changes in shell structure also have important implications for the synthesis of heavy elements in stars and stellar explosions. In this review a brief overview of the basics of the nuclear shell model will be given together with a summary of recent theoretical and experimental activities investigating these changes in the nuclear shell structure.

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

The (6+) isomer in 102Sn revisited: Neutron and proton effective charges close to the double shell closure

H. Grawe, K. Straub, T. Faestermann, M. Gorska, C. Hinke, R. Kruecken, F. Nowacki, M. Boehmer, P. Boutachkov, H. Geissel, R. Gernhaeuser, A. Gottardo, J. Grebosz, N. Kurz, Z. Liu, L. Maier, S. Pietri, Zs Podolyak, K. Steiger, H. Weick, H. J. Wollersheim, P. J. Woods, N. Al-Dahan, N. Alkhomashi, A. Atac, A. Blazhev, N. Braun, I Celikovic, T. Davinson, I Dillmann, C. Domingo-Pardo, P. Doornenbal, G. Farrelly, F. Farinon, G. de France, J. Gerl, N. Goel, T. Habermann, R. Hoischen, R. Janik, M. Karny, A. Kaskas, I Kojouharov, Th Kroell, M. Lewitowicz, Yu A. Litvinov, S. Myalski, F. Nebel, S. Nishimura, C. Nociforo, J. Nyberg, A. Parikh, A. Prochazka, P. H. Regan, C. Rigollet, H. Schaffner, C. Scheidenberger, S. Schwertel, P-A Soderstrom, S. Steer, A. Stolz, P. Strmen

Summary: In a high-energy fragmentation experiment at GSI, an I-pi = (6(+)) isomer and its gamma-decay were identified in Sn-102, with a half-life of T-1/2 = 367(11) ns. The possible existence of further isomers was discussed in the framework of large-scale shell model calculations, including up to five particle-hole excitations of the Sn-100 core.

PHYSICS LETTERS B (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The EXO-200 detector, part II: auxiliary systems

N. Ackerman, J. Albert, M. Auger, D. J. Auty, I Badhrees, P. S. Barbeau, L. Bartoszek, E. Baussan, V Belov, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Bhatta, M. Breidenbach, T. Brunner, G. F. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, B. Cleveland, R. Conley, S. Cook, M. Coon, W. Craddock, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, C. G. Davis, J. Davis, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, A. Dobi, A. G. Dolgolenko, M. J. Dolinski, M. Dunford, J. Echevers, L. Espic, W. Fairbank, D. Fairbank, J. Farine, W. Feldmeier, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Fierlinger, K. Fouts, D. Franco, D. Freytag, D. Fudenberg, P. Gautam, G. Giroux, R. Gornea, K. Graham, G. Gratta, C. Hagemann, C. Hall, K. Hall, G. Haller, E. Hansen, C. Hargrove, R. Herbst, S. Herrin, J. Hodgson, M. Hughes, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, C. Jessiman, M. J. Jewell, A. Johnson, T. N. Johnson, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, R. Killick, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D. S. Leonard, F. Leonard, F. LePort, G. S. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, D. Mackay, R. MacLellan, M. Marino, J-M Martin, Y. Martin, T. McElroy, K. McFarlane, T. Michel, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, R. Neilson, R. Nelson, O. Njoya, O. Nusair, K. O'Sullivan, A. Odian, I Ostrovskiy, C. Ouellet, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, C. Y. Prescott, K. Pushkin, F. Retiere, A. Rivas, A. L. Robinson, E. Rollin, P. C. Rowson, M. P. Rozo, J. Runge, J. J. Russell, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, S. Slutsky, E. Smith, A. K. Soma, V Stekhanov, V Strickland, M. Swift, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, D. Tosi, T. Totev, R. Tsang, K. Twelker, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, J-L Vuilleumier, J-M Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Waite, J. Walton, T. Walton, K. Wamba, J. Watkins, M. Weber, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, M. Wittgen, J. Wodin, J. Wood, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y-R Yen, O. Ya Zeldovich, T. Ziegler

Summary: The EXO-200 experiment employed a single-phase liquid xenon detector to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Xe-136. Various support systems were designed and implemented to ensure the smooth operation of the detector.

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION (2022)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity

G. Adhikari, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I Badhrees, J. Bane, V Belov, E. P. Bernard, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, E. Caden, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, C. Chambers, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, R. Collister, S. A. Czyz, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, R. DeVoe, M. L. Di Vacri, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, A. Dolgolenko, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Ferrara, S. Feyzbakhsh, Y. S. Fu, G. Gallina, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, W. Gillis, C. Gingras, D. Goeldi, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, C. A. Hardy, K. Harouaka, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, M. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, I Kotov, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, M. Mahtab, P. Martel-Dion, J. Masbou, N. Massacret, T. McElroy, K. McMichael, M. Medina Peregrina, T. Michel, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, R. J. Newby, K. Ni, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, K. Odgers, A. Odian, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Perna, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J-F Pratte, N. Priel, V Radeka, E. Raguzin, G. J. Ramonnye, T. Rao, H. Rasiwala, S. Rescia, F. Retiere, J. Ringuette, V Riot, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, X. Shang, A. K. Soma, F. Spadoni, V Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, S. Thibado, A. Tidball, J. Todd, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. H. M. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, S. Viel, C. Vivo-Vilches, P. Vogel, J-L Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, T. Wager, M. Walent, K. Wamba, Q. Wang, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. Wilde, M. Worcester, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, X. Wu, Q. Xia, W. Yan, H. Yang, L. Yang, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, T. Ziegler

Summary: The nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment aims to detect the decay in Xe-136 using a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon. The experiment has made significant improvements in detector design, simulation accuracy, and data analysis methods, leading to a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of 10^28 years. It is expected that in 10 years of data taking, the nEXO experiment will reach a sensitivity of 1.35 x 10^28 years, covering a wide range of parameter space associated with neutrino mass ordering.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Use of Bayesian Optimization to understand the structure of nuclei

J. Hooker, J. Kovoor, K. L. Jones, R. Kanungo, M. Alcorta, J. Allen, C. Andreoiu, L. Atar, D. W. Bardayan, S. S. Bhattacharjee, D. Blankstein, C. Burbadge, S. Burcher, W. N. Catford, S. Cha, K. Chae, D. Connolly, B. Davids, N. Esker, F. H. Garcia, S. Gillespie, R. Ghimire, A. Gula, G. Hackman, S. Hallam, M. Hellmich, J. Henderson, M. Holl, P. Jassal, S. King, T. Knight, R. Kruecken, A. Lepailleur, J. Liang, L. Morrison, P. D. O'Malley, S. D. Pain, X. Pereira-Lopez, A. Psaltis, A. Radich, A. C. Shotter, M. Vostinar, M. Williams, O. Workman

Summary: Monte Carlo simulations are commonly used in nuclear physics to model experimental systems. This study presents a Bayesian approach to fitting experimental data from a Be-12(d,p) reaction measurement, using simulations made with GEANT4. The Q-values from the C-12(d,p) reaction to well-known states in C-13 are compared with simulations using BayesOpt. The results show successful extraction of excitation energies of the lowest three excited states in C-13, providing a way to obtain information on Be-13.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS (2022)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Proton inelastic scattering reveals deformation in 8He

M. Holl, R. Kanungo, Z. H. Sun, G. Hagen, J. A. Lay, A. M. Moro, P. Navratil, T. Papenbrock, M. Alcorta, D. Connolly, B. Davids, A. Diaz Varela, M. Gennari, G. Hackman, J. Henderson, S. Ishimoto, A. Kilic, R. Krucken, A. Lennarz, J. Liang, J. Measures, W. Mittig, O. Paetkau, A. Psaltis, S. Quaglioni, J. S. Randhawa, J. Smallcombe, I. J. Thompson, M. Vorabbi, M. Williams

Summary: In the experiment on proton inelastic scattering of He-8 at 8.25A MeV at TRIUMF, a resonance at 3.54 MeV with a large deformation parameter beta(2) = 0.40(3) was discovered, consistent with predictions of neutron deformation. This reveals a new paradigm of deformed double-closed shell at the neutron drip-line.

PHYSICS LETTERS B (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Development of a 127Xe calibration source for nEXO

B. G. Lenardo, C. A. Hardy, R. H. M. Tsang, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, A. Piepke, S. Triambak, A. Jamil, G. Adhikari, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, I. J. Arnquist, V Belov, E. P. Bernard, A. Bhat, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, E. Caden, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, J. R. Cohen, R. Collister, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, R. DeVoe, M. L. di Vacri, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, J. Echevers, B. Eckert, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, Y. S. Fu, G. Gallina, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, W. Gillis, C. Gingras, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, K. Harouaka, M. Heffner, E. Hein, J. Hossl, A. House, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. Larson, K. G. Leach, D. S. Leonard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, J. Masbou, K. McMichael, M. Medina Peregrina, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, X. E. Ngwadla, K. Ni, Z. Ning, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, I Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, A. Perna, T. Pinto Franco, A. Pocar, J. F. Pratte, N. Priel, E. Raguzin, G. J. Ramonnye, H. Rasiwala, K. Raymond, G. Richardson, M. Richman, J. Ringuette, P. C. Rowson, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, X. Shang, A. K. Soma, F. Spadoni, V Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, S. Thibado, A. Tidball, J. Todd, T. Totev, O. A. Tyuka, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, S. Viel, K. Wamba, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. Wilde, W. H. Wu, W. Yan, L. Yang, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, T. Ziegler

Summary: This paper investigates a potential calibration technique for the nEXO experiment using a Xe-127 electron capture source. The technique allows for in-situ calibration and monitoring of the detector response by maintaining a low activity during normal operations.

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION (2022)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Measuring the β-decay Properties of Neutron-rich Exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd Isotopes to Constrain the Nucleosynthesis Yields in the Rare-earth Region

G. G. Kiss, A. Vitez-Sveiczer, Y. Saito, A. Tarifeno-Saldivia, M. Pallas, J. L. Tain, I Dillmann, J. Agramunt, A. Algora, C. Domingo-Pardo, A. Estrade, C. Appleton, J. M. Allmond, P. Aguilera, H. Baba, N. T. Brewer, C. Bruno, R. Caballero-Folch, F. Calvino, P. J. Coleman-Smith, G. Cortes, T. Davinson, N. Fukuda, Z. Ge, S. Go, C. J. Griffin, R. K. Grzywacz, O. Hall, A. Horvath, J. Ha, L. J. Harkness-Brennan, T. Isobe, D. Kahl, T. T. King, A. Korgul, S. Kovacs, R. Krucken, S. Kubono, M. Labiche, J. Liu, J. Liang, M. Madurga, K. Miernik, F. Molina, A. Morales, M. R. Mumpower, E. Nacher, A. Navarro, N. Nepal, S. Nishimura, V Phong, B. C. Rasco, B. Rubio, K. P. Rykaczewski, J. Romero-Barrientos, H. Sakurai, L. Sexton, Y. Shimizu, M. Singh, T. Sprouse, T. Sumikama, R. Surman, H. Suzuki, T. N. Szegedi, H. Takeda, A. Tolosa, K. Wang, M. Wolinska-Cichocka, P. Woods, R. Yokoyama, Z. Xu

Summary: In this study, the beta-delayed neutron-emission probabilities of 28 exotic neutron-rich isotopes were measured for the first time using advanced detectors. The results significantly expanded the existing database and improved the accuracy of previously measured values. The new data not only contribute to the understanding of theoretical predictions, but also provide insights into the formation mechanisms of rare-earth peaks and reduce abundance uncertainty.

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Performance of novel VUV-sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers for nEXO

G. Gallina, Y. Guan, F. Retiere, G. Cao, A. Bolotnikov, I. Kotov, S. Rescia, A. K. Soma, T. Tsang, L. Darroch, T. Brunner, J. Bolster, J. R. Cohen, T. Pinto Franco, W. C. Gillis, H. Peltz Smalley, S. Thibado, A. Pocar, A. Bhat, A. Jamil, D. C. Moore, G. Adhikari, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, I. J. Arnquist, P. Arsenault, I. Badhrees, J. Bane, V. Belov, E. P. Bernard, T. Bhatta, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, E. Caden, L. Cao, C. Chambers, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, R. Collister, M. Cvitan, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, K. Deslandes, R. DeVoe, M. L. di Vacri, Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, B. Eckert, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, Y. S. Fu, D. Gallacher, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, C. Gingras, D. Goeldi, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, C. A. Hardy, S. Hedges, M. Heffner, E. Hein, J. Holt, E. W. Hoppe, J. Hoessl, A. House, W. Hunt, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, R. Kruecken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. Larson, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, G. Lessard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, M. Mahtab, S. Majidi, C. Malbrunot, P. Margetak, P. Martel-Dion, L. Martin, J. Masbou, N. Massacret, K. McMichael, B. Mong, K. Murray, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, X. E. Ngwadla, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, A. Odian, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Perna, A. Piepke, N. Pletskova, J. F. Pratte, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, G. J. Ramonnye, T. Rao, H. Rasiwala, K. Raymond, B. M. Rebeiro, G. Richardson, J. Ringuette, V. Riot, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, L. Rudolph, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, X. Shang, F. Spadoni, V. Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, A. Tidball, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. H. M. Tsang, O. A. Tyuka, F. Vachon, M. Vidal, S. Viel, G. Visser, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, K. Wamba, Q. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Watts, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. Wilde, M. Worcester, W. H. Wu, X. Wu, L. Xie, W. Yan, H. Yang, L. Yang, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, T. Ziegler

Summary: Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay, and the nEXO collaboration has designed a tonne-scale chamber with a projected half-life sensitivity of 1.35 x 10^28 yr. This paper reports on the characterization of vacuum ultra-violet sensitive SiPMs designed for nEXO, as well as measurements on new test samples of previously characterized MPPCs. The results are used to provide updated estimates of the achievable energy resolution for the nEXO design.

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C (2022)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

First direct measurement of 59Cu(p, α) 56Ni: A step towards constraining the Ni-Cu cycle in the cosmos

J. S. Randhawa, R. Kanungo, J. Refsgaard, P. Mohr, T. Ahn, M. Alcorta, C. Andreoiu, S. S. Bhattacharjee, B. Davids, G. Christian, A. A. Chen, R. Coleman, P. E. Garrett, G. F. Grinyer, E. Gyabeng Fuakye, G. Hackman, J. Hollett, R. Jain, K. Kapoor, R. Krucken, A. Laffoley, A. Lennarz, J. Liang, Z. Meisel, B. Nikhil, A. Psaltis, A. Radich, M. Rocchini, N. Saei, M. Saxena, M. Singh, C. Svensson, P. Subramaniam, A. Talebitaher, S. Upadhyayula, C. Waterfield, J. Williams, M. Williams

Summary: Reactions on proton-rich nuclides play a crucial role in nucleosynthesis in core collapse supernovae and x-ray bursts. However, the Ni-Cu cycle may pose a challenge for the production of heavier elements during the Cu-59(p, alpha) Ni-56 reaction. New research suggests that the vp process could operate at higher temperatures, making it a viable pathway for synthesizing heavier elements.

PHYSICAL REVIEW C (2021)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

Neutron capture cross sections of light neutron-rich nuclei relevant for r-process nucleosynthesis

A. Bhattacharyya, Ushasi Datta, A. Rahaman, S. Chakraborty, T. Aumann, S. Beceiro-Novo, K. Boretzky, C. Caesar, B. Carlson, W. N. Catford, M. Chartier, D. Cortina-Gil, P. Das, G. De Angelis, P. Diaz Fernandez, H. Emling, H. Geissel, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Heine, H. Johansson, B. Jonson, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, T. Kroell, R. Kruecken, J. Kurcewicz, C. Langer, T. Le Bleis, Y. Leifels, J. Marganiec, G. Muenzenberg, T. Nilsson, C. Nociforo, V Panin, S. Paschalis, R. Plag, R. Reifarth, M. Ricciardi, C. Rigollet, D. Rossi, C. Scheidenberger, H. Scheit, H. Simon, Y. Togano, S. Typel, Y. Utsuno, A. Wagner, F. Wamers, H. Weick, J. S. Winfield

Summary: Measurements of neutron capture cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei are crucial for understanding nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. Indirect methods like Coulomb dissociation are powerful in inferring capture cross sections. Experimental data for these reactions are necessary for validating theoretical models.

PHYSICAL REVIEW C (2021)

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