Article
Mechanics
Jia Zhang, Jinxi Zhang, Dandan Cao
Summary: This study introduces a novel approach to determine the parameters of cohesive zone model (CZM) based on an optimization method, accurately characterizing the fracture mechanics of asphalt mixture. The results show that the proposed method can accurately predict CZM parameters and match well with experimental measurements.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Minda Ren, Hongren Gong, Lin Cong, Yiren Sun, Xin Wei
Summary: Long-term vapor exposure weakens the bonding strength in asphalt concrete, accelerating cracking initiation and propagation. Damage mainly occurs at the interface between aggregates and mortar due to high stress. This study reveals the fracture performance of asphalt concrete under long-term vapor exposure and provides insights for preventing premature cracking in pavement.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaoguang Yao, Tao Xu
Summary: Cold recycling technology can reuse reclaimed asphalt pavement at room temperature, saving energy and reducing emissions. A study on the self-healing behaviors and anti-cracking mechanisms of cold recycled waterborne epoxy resin/styrene butadiene rubber latex modified emulsified asphalt (WSEA) mixture proposed three indicators: healing ratios of fatigue life, fracture energy, and toughness index. Results showed that cracks in the cold recycled WSEA mixture were healed through adhesive healing and cohesive healing, leading to an increase in the three indicators when microcapsules played a healing role. A microcapsule content of 4% was recommended for preparing the cold recycled WSEA mixture.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jong-Sub Lee, Sang-Yum Lee, Yoon-Shin Bae, Tri Ho Minh Le
Summary: The purpose of this research was to promote recycling of pellet asphalt with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and Graphite Nanoplatelet (GNP) in pothole restoration. Several laboratory tests were carried out to determine the ideal mixing ratio of pellet-type asphalt paving materials. The effectiveness of the proposed method and heated asphalt combinations were compared through various tests. Both laboratory and field test findings confirmed that the asphalt pavement using 5% CRM and 6% GNP improved resistance to deformation and extended road life, although slightly reducing resistance to fatigue cracking.
Article
Polymer Science
Xinli Gan, Peng Chen, Bin Yu, Wengang Zhang
Summary: This paper studies the modification effect of waste battery powder (WBP) on asphalt. The research results show that the modification of asphalt by WBP is essentially physical modification but the mixing of WBP has a certain enhancement effect on the bond energy of the methylene group, which is helpful to improve the technical performance of modified asphalt. Adding WBP can significantly increase the proportion of elastic components in asphalt, enhancing its deformation resistance under high-temperature conditions. However, the mixing of WBP reduces the proportion of viscous components in asphalt, which is unfavorable to the crack resistance under low temperatures.
Article
Polymer Science
Abuzar Fotoohi, Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi, Mohammad Fasihi, Pouya Rajaee
Summary: By studying the tensile and fracture behavior of PP/EVA/graphite blend nano-composites, it was found that surface-modified graphite can enhance the tensile properties and the preeminent fracture mechanism is the debonding of EVA from PP. Additionally, an increase in cavities and the size of fibrillar structures was observed with an increase in EVA content, leading to enhanced fracture toughness and matrix resistance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Liyuan Liu, Xiao Zhang, Lifei Xu, Hengji Zhang, Zhisheng Liu
Summary: The research explores the relationship between the electrical properties of carbon fiber-graphite composite conductive asphalt mixes and their cracking damage, providing early warning for cracking in asphalt pavement. The study found a strong correlation between resistivity and cracking degree, with resistance increasing as cracks develop, indicating internal damage to the mixture. The resistivity and strain show a clear correlation before the mixture is broken, with resistivity gradually decreasing with increasing strain.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ehsan Tabasi, Mohammad Zarei, Alireza Naseri, Seyedeh Gashin Hosseini, Majid Mirahmadi, Mohammad Worya Khordehbinan
Summary: The study focuses on the cracking behavior of asphalt pavement under tensile and tear deformations, and the production of sustainable mixtures using recycled additives. The addition of pyrolysis carbon black and pyrolysis hydrocarbon into asphalt mixtures increases fracture energy and toughness. The mixture containing 18% PCB + 2.75% PHC performs the best in terms of fracture performance under mode I.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elsye Agustina, Jeung Choon Goak, Suntae Lee, Yongse Kim, Sung Chul Hong, Yongho Seo, Naesung Lee
Summary: This study investigated the effect of graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) size and dispersion on the thermal conductivities and tensile strengths of epoxy-based composites. Increasing the GNP size and loading amount resulted in higher thermal conductivities but lower tensile strengths in the GNP/epoxy composites. Interestingly, the tensile strength reached a maximum value at a low GNP content of 0.3% and then decreased, regardless of GNP size. The dispersion of fillers in the matrix had a greater influence on tensile strength, while the size and loading number of fillers were more likely related to thermal conductivity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
J. Girardot, J. B. Kopp, B. Croquelois, P. Tchoreloff, S. Morel, V. Mazel
Summary: Pharmaceutical tablets need to have sufficient mechanical strength, which is often evaluated using the diametral compression test. However, this test can lead to unstable failures. By applying load-unload cycles to tablets during the diametral compression test, it was found that the concept of equivalent linear elastic fracture mechanics can be successfully applied to Mode I fracture behavior. This revealed the development of a Fracture Process Zone (FPZ), indicative of a quasi-brittle behavior, and the existence of a second dissipative mechanism caused by friction in the FPZ during cyclic loading.
Article
Mechanics
Dongdong Han, Guoqiang Liu, Tao Yang, Yichang Xie, Yongli Zhao
Summary: This study introduced a phase field method (PFM) to simulate brittle failure of asphalt mixture within the framework of finite element method (FEM). The results showed that the PFM method can accurately predict the failure behavior of asphalt mixture at both macro and micro scales, with better computational efficiency compared to the traditional cohesive zone model (CZM) based on interfacial damage mechanics.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pengjian Cheng, Junyan Yi, Zhuo Chen, Hai Luan, Decheng Feng
Summary: This paper investigates the factors that influence the strength and moisture damage resistance of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixtures. The results show that slight variations in foaming parameters have no significant effect on the mixture's properties. The mixture with medium-grained gradation exhibits higher strength, and using filler improves the performance of the mixture.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yoshiaki Hattori, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Masatoshi Kitamura
Summary: This study investigated the visualization of thick hBN and graphite flakes on SiO2/Si substrates through calculations and experiments. The experimental results showed that flakes with different thicknesses exhibited different brightness in optical microscope images. Additionally, the observation using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy revealed differences in brightness and colors for flakes with different thicknesses.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Han Zhao, Junda Ren, Zhuo Chen, Hai Luan, Junyan Yi
Summary: The use of cold recycling mixtures with foamed asphalt is an environmentally-friendly construction technology for pavement rehabilitation, but in cold regions, the impact of water on the mixtures can lead to freeze-thaw durability issues. Research on structural frozen-resistant protection behaviors and advanced material design is needed for future improvements in durability.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haopeng Zhang, Haibo Ding, Ali Rahman
Summary: This study investigates the effects of mesostructure characteristics of asphalt mixture on the fracture behavior of semicircular bending samples. It establishes a two-dimensional finite-element model considering viscoelastic properties and uses digital image processing technology and a cohesive zone model to validate the model. The study examines the crack initiation and propagation process, the damage distribution of cohesive elements, and the effects of mesostructure characteristics on damage and fracture behavior. It finds that increasing porosity leads to a decrease in ultimate bearing capacity and a propagation of cracks towards air voids. Weaker interface strength between aggregate and asphalt mortar decreases maximum bearing capacity and increases damage at the interface. Additionally, increasing initial crack length reduces bearing capacity, fracture energy, and creep dissipation energy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lingyun You, Dongzhao Jin, Zhanping You, Qingli Dai, Xinfeng Xie, Sarah Washko, Samantha Cepeda
Summary: The study focused on the shear bond strength between chip-seal and asphalt pavement, and concluded through laboratory testing that the weak shear bonding is partly caused by multiple freeze-thaw cycles and the raw materials used.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lingyun You, Dongzhao Jin, Shuaicheng Guo, Jiaqing Wang, Qingli Dai, Zhanping You
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using recycled CRT glass in water-foamed asphalt mixtures for low volume roads. The testing included leaching potential, high-temperature rutting, low-temperature cracking performance, and the simulation of pore pressure under traffic loading. The results showed that the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures with recycled CRT glass was acceptable at various temperatures.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunxiang Ma, Munkaila Musah, Ruizhe Si, Qingli Dai, Xinfeng Xie, Xiping Wang, Robert J. Ross
Summary: The study examines the mechanical performance of low-value sugar maple CLT panels under out-of-plane loads and finds significant improvements in MOE and MOR compared to standard CLT types. Integrated experiment and simulation methods can provide detailed mechanical behaviors for low-value sugar maple CLT.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunxiang Ma, Ruizhe Si, Munkaila Musah, Qingli Dai, Xinfeng Xie, Xiping Wang, Robert J. Ross
Summary: This study evaluated the mechanical properties of hybrid CLT panels made of low-value sugar maple and white spruce, finding that the performance of the panels with sugar maple surface layers was significantly improved compared to standard layups, with adhesive types having minimal impact on performance.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hui Yao, Junfu Liu, Mei Xu, Jie Ji, Qingli Dai, Zhanping You
Summary: The application of asphalt materials in pavement engineering has become increasingly widespread and complex. The complexity of asphalt materials, which are non homogeneous and consist of various molecules with different properties, poses challenges to researchers in understanding their properties. The multi-scale research method combines macroscopic experimental data and microscopic simulation results to improve the understanding of asphalt materials. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation proposes a molecular model of asphalt material based on experimental data, and the algorithm can derive properties similar to those of real asphalt.
ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunxiang Ma, Xiping Wang, Marshall Begel, Qingli Dai, Yvette Dickinson, Xinfeng Xie, Robert J. Ross
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of CLT panels made from salvaged dead standing trees after beetle outbreaks. Mechanical tests and computational analysis were used to evaluate the flexural and shear properties. Results showed that deterioration from dead trees reduced bending strength and shear modulus of the CLT panels, while bending stiffness was not significantly affected. Finite element models simulated flexural behaviors accurately.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiaqing Wang, Qingli Dai, Ruizhe Si
Summary: The experimental and numerical studies on the flexural-fracture behaviors of steel fiber-reinforced rubber self-compacting concrete (SRSCC) materials show that adding steel fiber and rubber can increase the flexural strength and total fracture energy of the material. The critical fracture parameters were determined and tension-softening models were calibrated for normal SCC and SRSCC, with reasonable agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results. This research provides insights for future improved material design.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Min Yang, Huan Liu, Qingli Dai, Ling Yao, Shun Zhang, Zhihong Wang, Jing Li, Qinghong Duan
Summary: This study developed and validated a nomogram based on radiomics features and clinical characteristics for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. The nomogram showed good performance in terms of predicting chemotherapy response, providing valuable information for individual treatment and adjustment of chemotherapy regimens.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Peifeng Su, Qingli Dai, Miaomiao Li, Yunxiang Ma, Jiaqing Wang
Summary: In this study, plastic-rubber compound modified mortar (PRM) and recycled steel fiber (RSF)-reinforced plastic-rubber modified mortar (PRSRM) samples were prepared and tested to evaluate their mechanical properties and drying shrinkage. The results showed that the addition of RSF increased the compressive strength of the mortar, while the PR improved its flexural behavior and reduced drying shrinkage length change. This sustainable material design promotes the full recycling of waste tires in cement-based materials.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaobing Tan, Qingli Dai, Huang Sun, Wenqing Jiang, Si Lu, Ruxian Wang, Meirong Lv, Xianfeng Sun, Naying Lv, Qingyuan Dai
Summary: This study utilizes genomic advances to identify and analyze genes associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Differential and functional enrichment analyses were performed on microarray data, and immune landscape analysis was conducted on whole blood samples. Key genes related to AMI were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and diagnostic indicators were obtained. The study provides new insights and diagnostic indicators for AMI.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Li, Qingli Dai, Peifeng Su, Zhanping You, Yunxiang Ma
Summary: This study aims to establish a reliable machine learning model to predict the modulus of the existing AC layer in flexible pavement using readily available data from the pavement management system. After training and testing, the GBM model was selected due to its significantly higher prediction accuracy compared to RF and OLS models. Surface temperature and AC layer thickness were identified as key variables in modulus estimation.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hui Yao, Junfu Liu, Yiran Wang, Xin Li, Jiani Zeng, Jianrong Li, Jie Ji, Qingli Dai, Zhanping You
Summary: This paper explores the foaming mechanism and basic properties of foamed asphalt, using expansion rate, half-life, and microscopic images to describe the foaming properties. Molecular Dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the mechanism and performance of foamed asphalt. A molecular model of foamed asphalt is established, providing valuable references for industry and fundamental research.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jiaqing Wang, Qingli Dai, Pasi Lautala, Hui Yao, Ruizhe Si
Summary: In this study, an efficient and expandable eddy current rail inspection system was established to classify different defect signals in order to improve rail-life sustainability. The system showed adequate sensitivity and efficiency in detecting notched cracks in steel samples and field rail samples. The enhanced detection capability and real-time post-processing technique contribute to the non-destructive inspection and classification of rail cracks.
Review
Engineering, Civil
Renee C. Oats, Qingli Dai, Monique Head
Summary: This review introduces the principles and applications of digital image correlation (DIC) as a structural evaluation method, as well as discusses its development in combination with other techniques for novel assessment approaches. It emphasizes the importance of DIC in infrastructure resiliency framework and addresses the challenges and leading initiatives for evaluating structural infrastructure in the future.
PRACTICE PERIODICAL ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunxiang Ma, Qingli Dai
Summary: This study aims to simulate the lateral responses of conventional cross laminated timber (CLT) shear walls by establishing equivalent decomposed wall models and provide lateral performance evaluation. The developed models accurately estimate the wall hysteresis behavior and can be a reference for CLT shear wall design.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qi Jiang, Wei Liu, Shaopeng Wu, Xuanwen Gou
Summary: This study analyzes the erosion mechanisms of NaCl solution on asphalt concrete and finds that NaCl solution softens asphalt and promotes the intrusion of crystalline salt into it. Salt crystallization alters the surface roughness of aggregates, resulting in a decrease in skid resistance but an improvement in compressive strength. Additionally, the concentration of NaCl solution initially has no significant impact on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete, but its domination gradually increases with the intensification of cyclic effects.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lili Kan, Lan-qing Dai, Ning Kong, Bin Peng, Fei Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of freezing and thawing cycles on the tensile behavior of cracked ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The results show that long-term freezing and thawing action deteriorates the cracking strength, tensile strength, tensile strain, and strain energy of cracked UHPC. On the other hand, the action of water generally favors the development of tensile properties of UHPC. The crack distribution tends to be unsaturated under freezing and thawing environment, and the re-hydration reaction is hindered. The pore structure near the crack varies under different environments.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xin Xiao, Jingwei Li, Qingke Meng, Xiangshan Hou, Yanhui Liu, Xujiang Wang, Wenlong Wang, Shengtao Lu, Yuzhong Li, Yanpeng Mao, Tong Li
Summary: Preparing gypsum-based self-leveling mortar (GSLM) using beta-hemihydrate gypsum and solid wastes-derived sulfoaluminate cement (WSAC) can improve the mechanical performance of the mortar, but phosphorus impurities can weaken the hydration speed and degree.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sihang Bao, Junzhen Di, Yanrong Dong, Ziqing Gao, Qing Gu, Yuanfang Zhao, Hongyu Zhai
Summary: Tailings dam break and leakage accidents pose a threat to the safety of people in mining areas and cause severe environmental pollution. This study focuses on solidifying tailing sand using microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) to improve strength and fix heavy metals. The curing time of MICP bio-cemented tailings is found to significantly impact the strength of tailings, while its effect on heavy metal fixation is minimal. The optimized MICP curing time is 10 days, resulting in improved strength and cementation of tailings particles.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ferhat Benmahiddine, Fares Bennai, Achraf Charaka, Ameur El Amine Hamami, Abdelkader Tahakourt, Rafik Belarbi
Summary: This paper studied the effects of hysteresis on the hygrothermal behavior at the building scale. Through laboratory validation and numerical simulations, it was found that hysteresis has a significant impact on the relative humidity and total heat fluxes in buildings, while it does not have a noticeable effect on temperature variations.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
You Gao, Wei He, Xiayang Zhang, De'an Sun, Pei Li
Summary: This study determined the boundary line between the swelling and compression deformation zone in lateritic clay through wetting tests, and proposed a simple bimodal SWRC model. It also found that the existing strength model underestimated the tested values in the medium to high suction range, therefore a segmented strength equation was introduced for enhanced predictions of the strength properties of lateritic clay.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Prabhath Ranjan Kumar Soda, Asheer Mogal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Nikhil Thota, Nimish Bandaru, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, K. M. Mini
Summary: This study investigates the use of encapsulated bacteria to improve the self-healing ability of concrete. Through various tests, it is found that using 20% cement-coated alginate beads (CCAB) and 5% nanosilica (NS) can achieve optimal strength and healing. This research is significant for enhancing the durability of concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shizhe Wang, Haiping Wu, Wen Yang, Wei Wang, Zhibo Zhu, Kun Nie, Luoxin Wang, Hua Wang, Jing Wu
Summary: In this study, photothermal-heat storage concrete (PHSC) was developed with excellent photothermal conversion performance and heat storage capacity. By absorbing and storing solar energy during the day and releasing it at night, PHSC can effectively reduce energy consumption in buildings.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Robin Deb, Jialuo He, Geetika Mishra, Yaghoob (Amir) Farnam
Summary: Incorporation techniques of phase change materials in cementitious composites have a significant influence on thermal properties. This study investigated the thermal behavior of low-temperature PCM when subjected to varying temperature change rates and pore confinement inside the porous network of lightweight aggregates. The results showed that ramp rates affect the nucleation and crystallization growth process during the phase transition, and the pore structure of the aggregates affects the supercooling phenomenon and confinement pressure of the PCM.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Eduardo Ferreira, Payam Sotoudeh, Dagmar Svecova
Summary: This study investigates the fatigue behavior of concrete under different stress reversal conditions. The results indicate that stress reversal generally causes more severe damage and reduces the cycles to failure compared to tensile fatigue. Additionally, adding some level of compression contributes to the energy required for failure under stress reversal fatigue. Specimens with higher concentration of fractured aggregates achieve longer fatigue lives.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mag Raj Gehlot, Sandeep Shrivastava
Summary: This study evaluates the compatibility relationship between plaster bonds and the substrate under an accelerated aging environment, and finds that incorporating an appropriate amount of granite cutting waste can improve the strength parameters and adhesion of the cement mortar.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Min Zhang, Qirui Luo, Mingke Deng, Shixing Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the bond behavior between carbon FRCM composites with added short fibers and concrete substrates. The effects of different factors were considered and 36 specimens were tested and discussed. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of failure mode, load-slip curve, and characteristic parameters, and the contribution of weft yarns was taken into account in the developed bondslip model.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dengkai Liu, Hongniao Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: The susceptibility of building stones to fire and high temperature was investigated in this study by examining their physical and mechanical properties. The results show that both compressive and tensile properties of stones are affected by temperature changes. The tensile strength is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, requiring special attention to the components subjected to tensile stress in stone buildings. Principal component analysis was used to predict the mechanical properties of stones, providing a new method for calculating the residual mechanical properties after high temperature or fire.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joso Maria Raposo, Eduardo Cavaco, Luis Costa Neves, Eduardo Julio
Summary: This paper investigates the correlation between the friction coefficient and the surface roughness of concrete-to-concrete interfaces. Experimental tests were performed on specimens with different surface treatments, and the surface roughness parameters were analyzed and correlated with the shear strength and friction coefficient. The results showed that certain roughness parameters had a strong positive correlation with the friction coefficient, while others had little or no correlation. A novel combined roughness parameter with optimized correlation was proposed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chiara Riccardi, Massimo Losa
Summary: The interest in using bio materials in asphalt pavements is growing due to economic reasons and environmental benefits. This study aimed to review the use of bio extenders as additives in binders, with a focus on replacements greater than 20% of fossil binder. The properties of bio-extended binders were found to vary substantially depending on the biomass source and production process.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
