Viscosity and water demand of limestone- and fly ash-blended cement pastes in the presence of superplasticisers

The rheological behaviour of fresh cement has a direct effect on the microstructural development of mortar and concrete. Inasmuch as the presence of mineral additions impact cement paste rheology and consequently its permanent microstructure and strength, a full understanding of blended cement behaviour should be pursued. The present study addresses the joint effect of mineral additions (limestone and fly ash) and superplasticisers admixtures on the viscosity and water demand of cement pastes. Cement pastes were prepared with 10, 30 or 50 wt% limestone or fly ash as mineral admixtures. Melamine-, naphthalene- and polycarboxylate-based superplasticisers were used. Paste rheology was studied in terms of variations in yield stress and viscosity with the solids content and amount of mineral additions added. The strength and microstructure of the blended cement pastes were determined at viscosity values of 1.5 Pas. in the presence of superplasticisers. The findings showed that the Krieger-Dougherty equation could be used to determine the effect of solids content on the apparent viscosity of limestone- and fly ash-blended cement suspensions, as well as the effect of superplasticisers. Adding less than 30% limestone to cement had no effect on paste rheology: i.e., the w/c ratios for minimum and optimal workability were similar to the ratios for ordinary cement. However, adding fly ash did lower the minimum water demand, and the optimal amount of water needed for suitable fluidity. The inclusion of 10% of either addition raised paste strength, while higher proportions 30 or 50%) had the opposite effect. The use of mineral additions reduced the effectiveness of cement superplasticisers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.