期刊
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
卷 24, 期 1, 页码 171-181出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01277.x
关键词
bighorn sheep; dispersal; pygmy-owl; flight behavior; gene flow; connectivity; least-cost path; transboundary; conservation; US-Mexico border
资金
- Arizona Department of Transportation and Defenders of Wildlife
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service
- Foundation for North American Wild Sheep
- Boone and Crockett Club
- National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
- Desert Bighorn Council
- Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society
Security infrastructure along international boundaries threatens to degrade connectivity for wildlife. To explore potential effects of a fence under construction along the U.S.-Mexico border on wildlife, we assessed movement behavior of two species with different life histories whose regional persistence may depend on transboundary movements. We used radiotelemetry to assess how vegetation and landscape structure affect flight and natal dispersal behaviors of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls (Glaucidium brasilianum), and satellite telemetry, gene-flow estimates, and least-cost path models to assess movement behavior and interpopulation connectivity of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana). Flight height of Pygmy-Owls averaged only 1.4 m (SE 0.1) above ground, and only 23% of flights exceeded 4 m. Juvenile Pygmy-Owls dispersed at slower speeds, changed direction more, and had lower colonization success in landscapes with larger vegetation openings or higher levels of disturbance (p <= 0.047), which suggests large vegetation gaps coupled with tall fences may limit transboundary movements. Female bighorn sheep crossed valleys up to 4.9 km wide, and microsatellite analyses indicated relatively high levels of gene flow and migration (95% CI for F-ST = 0.010-0.115, Nm = 1.9-24.8, M = 10.4-15.4) between populations divided by an 11-km valley. Models of gene flow based on regional topography and movement barriers suggested that nine populations of bighorn sheep in northwestern Sonora are linked by dispersal with those in neighboring Arizona. Disruption of transboundary movement corridors by impermeable fencing would isolate some populations on the Arizona side. Connectivity for other species with similar movement abilities and spatial distributions may be affected by border development, yet mitigation strategies could address needs of wildlife and humans.
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